第1頁/共1頁2024年1月普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemando?A.Acomputertechnician.B.Ahotelreceptionist.C.Ashopassistant.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atthegrocer's.B.Atthetailor's.C.Atthecleaner's.3.HowdidthespeakerscometoSeattle?A.Byplane.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.4.Whatwillthespeakershavefordinnertoday?A.Friedrice.B.Noodles.C.Steak.5.HowisSophiefeelingnow?A.Confused.B.Worried.C.Tired.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemanwanttodobeforenoon?A.Postaletter.B.Makeacard.C.Writeanemail.7Whosebirthdayisit?A.Richard's.B.Sarah's.C.Vera’s.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.WhatcoursedoesProfessorBrooksteach?A.PublicSpeaking.B.EuropeanHistory.C.EnglishLiterature.9.WhydoesVickycometotalkwithProfessorBrooks?A.Tosignupforhiscourse.B.Toaskforamake-uptest.C.Todiscussherhomework.聽第8段材料,回答第10至13題。10.WhatdoesLindadoforplaysandshows?A.Shegivesactorsadvice.B.Sheassignsrolestoactors.C.Shedesignsactors'clothes.11.WhatdoesLindaneedtoresearch?A.Thesettingofthestory.B.Thedecorationofthestage.C.Thenamesofthecharacters.12.WhodoesLindareportherworkto?A.Thedirector.B.Theeditor.C.Thephotographer.13.WhatdoesLindasayaboutherjob?A.Itpaysverywell.B.Itrequiresteameffort.C.Itinvolvesfrequenttravel.聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題.14.WhatdoesKevinthinkofabstractart?A.Ithaslastingartisticvalue.B.Itmakeslittlesensetohim.C.Itappealsmainlytochildren.15.Whatimpressiondidthefirstpaintinggivethewoman?A.Hopefulness.B.Nervousness.C.Coldness.16.Whatcolorwasusedforthebackgroundinthesecondpainting?A.Green.B.Purple.C.Red.17.WhatwillKevinprobablydothisSaturday?AAttendanartclass.B.Visitanexhibition.C.Buyanabstractpainting.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.WhatcausedtheclosureofPittwaterRoad?A.Afallentree.B.Afloodedriver.C.Acaraccident.19.WhathappenedatTownHallStation?A.Apoliceofficergothurt.B.Apassengerwentmissing.C.Thestationroofwasbroken.20.Whatareroadusersadvisedtodo?A.Driveatlowspeed.B.Postponetheirtrips.C.Followtrafficsigns.參考答案：1-5:ACACB6-10:ACBBC11-15:AABBC16-20:ABCCB錄音原文Text1M:ITDepartment.HowcanIassistyou?W:Mycomputerisgivingmealotoftrouble.Couldyouhelpmewithit,please?M:OK,Ijustneedtocheckonacoupleofthings.Text2

W:Hi,I'dliketohavethisblousewashedandpressed.M:OK,butI'mafraidyouwon'tbeabletocollectituntilnextFriday.We'vebeenverybusyrecently.Text3W:Whatajourney!Airtravelismoretiringthandriving,I'msure.M:Idon'tthinkyousaythat,ifyou'vejustdriven400miles.Let'scometoSeattlebytrainnexttime.It'llbemorerelaxing.Text4M:CouldIhavefriedriceornoodlesfordinnerforachange?Idon'tfeellikesteaktoday.W:I'minahurry.Ican'tcooktwodifferentmealstoday.Tomorrowyoucanhavewhatyouwant.M:Alright.Text5

M:Allwell,Sophie?W:Hmm.Notgreat.I'mjustsodownwithwritingthisreport.M:Areyoualmostdonewithit?W:Farfromit.AndI'llgetitrepresentedinclasstomorrow.Text6W:Richard,whyareyoutakingeverythingoutofyourdrawer?M:I'mlookingforastamp,Sarah.W:Astamp?Whatdoyouwantastampfor?M:I'vewrittenalettertoAuntVera.AndIwanttoputitinthepostbeforemidday.W:Canyoujustemailher?

M:Yeah.Butit'sher70thbirthday.Verawillbehappytogetarealletterwitharealbirthdaycard.Text7W:ProfessorBrooks,I'mVickyComoreinyourEuropeanHistoryclass.CanIspeakwithyouforafewminutes?M:Sure.WhatcanIhelpyouwith?W:Well,Iwassickfortwoweeks.SoIdidn'ttakethemidtermexam.Couldyougivemeanothertest?M:Alright.YoucantakeitnextThursdayafternoon.W:Thankyousomuch,ProfessorBrooks.CouldIcometoyouat3:30aftermyEnglishLiteratureclass?M:Noproblem.Text8

M:Linda,youworkonplaysandshowsbutyouarenotonstage.Whatdoyoudo?W:I'macostumedesigner.Ihavetheactorsbecometheircharacters.M:Isitakindoflikeplayingdresser?W:Alittlebit.ButIneedtostudytheplaytocreatethecharacters'clothes,notjustusemyimagination.M:Howdoyoudothat?W:Ireadtheplayanddoresearchaboutthetimeandplaceofthestory.Ifthestoryissetinthepast,Imightstudyoldmagazinesorpaintings.Forplayssetinnow,Isometimescollectpicturesofpeopleonthestreet.M:Thenwhatdoyoudo?W:Itakemyideasandpicturestothedirectoroftheshow.WetalkaboutwhetherI'montherighttrack.Ifit’sgood,wewillhireatailortomakethecostume.M:Isitfinishedthen?W:Almost.Westillneedtotryontheactortomakesureeverythingfitsandlooksgood.M:Wow,ittakessomanystepstomakeacostume.W:Yes,itdoes.Iworkwithlotsofdifferentpeopletoputitalltogether.Text9

W:HiKevin.I'vejustgotbackfromtheArtGallery.There'sawonderfulshowofabstractart.Youshouldhavecomewithme.M:Idon'tknow.Abstractartseemslikechildren'spaintingtome.W:Well,ifyoudon'tunderstandwhattheartististryingtocommunicate,itcanseemalittlelikethat.M:Whatdidyouseethen?W:Thereweretwopaintingsthatimpressedmemost.ThefirstisahugeonewhichIsupposedthetreealthoughitcouldhavebeenanything.M:Whatdidyoulikeaboutit?W:Justthewaythetreelooked.Itwaslikethetreewasmadeofhardmetal,andthemixofwhiteandgraymadeeverythinglooklikeitwaswinter,freezingwinter.M:That'ssomething.Whatabouttheotherone?W:Thesecondlookedlikeapieceofgrassland.Allthegrasswaspurpleandred,andtherewasgreenskyinthebackground.Ilookedatitandthoughtofsummer.M:Hmm,yourdescriptionreallyteachesmesomethingaboutappreciatingabstractart.MaybeIshouldgoandgivethisshowatrythisSaturday.W:Youreallyshould.Text10M:Youarewatchingthemorningnews.ThisisStevenJohnson.SydneyandtheNewSouthWalescoasthavebeenhitbyheavyrains.Majorroads,theairport,trainsandbuseswereallthrownbehindthescheduleasmorethanamonth'sworthofrainfellinjustonehourduringthemorningrush.Alltrafficintocityremainsveryheavy.PittwaterRoadisclosedduetoacarcrash.ConsiderusingWicksRoadinstead.ApoliceofficerhasbeenhurtassistingdriversinNorthRyde.Awomanisbelievedtohavebrokenherlegafteratreefellonhercar.TheroofofTownHallStationhasfallenin,causingdelaysforpassengers.Therainisexpectedtobeatitsheaviestfrom9:00amuntil11:00am.Todayatotalofupto200millimetersrainisbeingforecast,alongwithdamagingwindsofmorethan90kilometersperhourtofall.Allroadusersareadvisedtoreconsidertheneedtobeonroadsinsuchwildweather,andrescheduletheirdayandcontinueontheirjourneyaftertherainstops.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳答案。ATomSawyerPlayIsanAdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”?A.DavidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?A.Theystudyinthesameschool. B.Theyworkedtogetherin”Ragtime“.C.Theyareexperiencedonstage. D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.3.WhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforteachers?A.Researchfunding. B.Trainingopportunities.C.Technicalsupport. D.Educationalresources.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹由馬克·吐溫的作品所改編的音樂劇《湯姆·索亞：河上歷險(xiǎn)記》?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.(本劇由喬·麥克多諾改編，大衛(wèi)·基索作曲。)”可知，本劇是由大衛(wèi)·基索作曲的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名創(chuàng)意與表演藝術(shù)學(xué)校的10年級(jí)學(xué)生，是辛辛那提舞臺(tái)上的?？?。他是兒童劇院的明星演員，曾在《斷頭谷的傳說》和《綠野仙蹤》中擔(dān)任主角，也是新澤西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成員。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞臺(tái)上的?？?，兒童劇院的明星演員，曾在《斷頭谷的傳說》和《綠野仙蹤》中擔(dān)任主角；根據(jù)第五段中的“McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSewyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年級(jí)學(xué)生。他是《湯姆·休厄》首演時(shí)的演員，也是兒童劇院的?？?，演出了五場(chǎng)。)”可知，McMath也是兒童劇院的?？?；綜合以上信息可知，這兩位演員在舞臺(tái)上經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.(給老師們的提示：兒童劇院有一份學(xué)習(xí)指南，展示了如何通過《湯姆·索亞》教授數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)。如欲下載課程，請(qǐng)?jiān)L問兒童劇院官方網(wǎng)站。)”可知，兒童劇院為教師提供了一份學(xué)習(xí)指南，展示如何通過《湯姆·索亞》教授數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)，可通過兒童劇院的網(wǎng)站下載課程；由此可知，兒童劇院為教師提供了教育資源。故選D項(xiàng)。BWhenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall

—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesagoright?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas…2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore”youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthatthenarenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnintoa“minicommunitylibrary”:anypasser-bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelvesreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.Forafewmonthsafterthe“l(fā)ibrary”opened,Ididn’tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheeselovestories.ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadlynolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay. B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.5.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?A.Toplaceanurgentcall. B.Toputupanotice.C.Toshelterfromtherain. D.Toholdanaudition.6.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“minicommunitylibrary”?A.Itprovidesphoneserviceforfree. B.Anyonecancontributetoitscollection.C.Itispopularamongyoungreaders. D.Booksmustbereturnedwithinamonth.7.Whydidtheauthorstarttousethe“l(fā)ibrary”?A.Hewantedtoborrowsomelovestories.B.Hewasencouragedbyacloseneighbour.C.Hefoundtherewereexcellentfreebooks.D.Hethoughtitwasanidealplaceforreading.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。隨著手機(jī)的普及，電話亭漸漸地被人們遺忘，作者家附近的最后一個(gè)電話亭被改造成了“迷你圖書館”，作者偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)那里有很多不錯(cuò)的免費(fèi)書籍，這讓作者覺得很棒?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第五句“Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.(我當(dāng)時(shí)在倫敦我那狹小的合租房子里為我的劇本進(jìn)行試演。)”可知，此處是指使“我”的合租房看起來更“年輕專業(yè)”一點(diǎn)，所以it代指“合租房”。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.(所以，我打電話給電話查號(hào)臺(tái)，接通了女房東的經(jīng)紀(jì)人，他們給了我一把備用鑰匙，剛好來得及在演員們到來之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用電話亭是為了撥打緊急電話。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnintoa“minicommunitylibrary”:anypasser-bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelvesreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.(最后一個(gè)被改造成了一個(gè)“迷你社區(qū)圖書館”：任何路過的人都可以從它的書架上“借”書，以后還回來，或者用自己收藏的另一本書來替換。)”可知，任何人都可以為“迷你社區(qū)圖書館”的捐贈(zèng)圖書。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后四句“ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!(然后我注意到?？苏谶M(jìn)行春季大掃除，把各種主題的大書一箱箱地扔到那里。而且這些書是免費(fèi)的。這個(gè)無與倫比的價(jià)格點(diǎn)鼓勵(lì)我嘗試許多我通常不會(huì)考慮購(gòu)買的標(biāo)題。我還發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些很棒的書！)”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)“迷你圖書館”里有很多免費(fèi)的很棒的書，所以開始使用。故選C。COnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm(雹暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary’ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissueforyears“Basically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurancecompaniesprotecttheCalgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,”Mr.Stienwandsays,“butthey’reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwhoworksforWeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota.“Weaffectonlyaverysmallpercentageofthetotalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecousingdrought.”Dr.Krausssays.“Infact,wemaybehelpingincreasethemoisturedownwindbycreatingwetterground.”O(jiān)nedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.“In1999,Ipersonallysawsignificanttornadoes(龍卷風(fēng))formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,”Dr.Doswellsays.“Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,“itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.”Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.8.Whatdoestheprojectaimtodo?A.Conservemoistureinthesoil. B.Preventtheformationofhailstones.C.Forecastdisastroushailstorms. D.Investigatechemicaluseinfarming.9.Whoareopposedtotheproject?A.Farmersineast-centralAlberta. B.Managersofinsurancecompanies.C.Provincialgovernmentofficials. D.ResidentsofCalgaryandEdmonton10.WhydoesDr.Doswellmentionthetornadoeshesawin1999?A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofseedingmethods.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofbighailstorms.C.Toindicateapossibledangerofcloudseeding.D.Toshowthelinkbetweenstormsandmoisture.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ScientificstudieshaveprovedStienwandright.B.PrivateclimateengineeringisillegalinCanada.C.Thedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasdisappeared.D.Cloud-seedingcompanieswillcontinuetoexist.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了1991年9月7日，加拿大歷史上損失最大的冰雹襲擊了卡爾加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以來，一組保險(xiǎn)公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制項(xiàng)目上花費(fèi)約200萬美元。飛機(jī)在有威脅的風(fēng)暴中心中播撒一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，使小冰晶在變成危險(xiǎn)的冰雹之前像雨一樣落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中東部的農(nóng)民們擔(dān)心，“冰雹計(jì)劃”飛行的下風(fēng)處，寶貴的水分正被人工降雨從他們干渴的土地上偷走?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.(因此，自1996年以來，一組保險(xiǎn)公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制項(xiàng)目上花費(fèi)約200萬美元。飛機(jī)在有威脅的風(fēng)暴中心中播撒一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，使小冰晶在變成危險(xiǎn)的冰雹之前像雨一樣落下)”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是防止冰雹的形成。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中東部的農(nóng)民們擔(dān)心，“冰雹計(jì)劃”飛行的下風(fēng)處，寶貴的水分正被人工降雨從他們干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中東部的農(nóng)民反對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“OnedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.“In1999,Ipersonallysawsignificanttornadoes(龍卷風(fēng))formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,”Dr.Doswellsays.“Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”(查克·多斯韋爾是一位剛剛從俄克拉何馬大學(xué)退休的研究科學(xué)家，他對(duì)人工降雨的安全性持懷疑態(tài)度?！?999年，我在堪薩斯州親眼目睹了由種子風(fēng)暴細(xì)胞形成的重大龍卷風(fēng)，”多斯韋爾博士說?！叭斯そ涤陼?huì)制造致命風(fēng)暴還是減少順風(fēng)處的水分？當(dāng)然，沒有人真正知道，但是播種還在繼續(xù)?！?”可推知，多斯韋爾博士提到他在1999年看到的龍卷風(fēng)是為了提示人工降雨可能帶來的危險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,“itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.”Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.(考慮到質(zhì)疑的程度，斯廷旺德建議，“停止人工降雨是明智的?！痹趯?shí)踐中，懷疑產(chǎn)生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有關(guān)其影響的科學(xué)證據(jù)，沒有人成功地贏得了對(duì)人工降雨公司的訴訟。因此，私人氣候工程可以在相對(duì)合法的安全條件下進(jìn)行)”可推知，從最后一段我們能推斷出人工降雨公司將繼續(xù)存在。故選D項(xiàng)。DTheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets

—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue

—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轟炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.12.WhatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel’stest?A.Takeanexaminationalone. B.Showrespectfortheresearchers.C.Sharetheirtreatswithothers. D.Delayeatingforfifteenminutes.13.Accordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween___________.A.thecalorie-poorworldandourgoodappetitesB.theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneedsC.therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrainsD.thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit14.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A.Absorbnewinformationreadily. B.Beselectiveinformationconsumers.C.Usediverseinformationsources. D.Protecttheinformationenvironment.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EatLess,ReadMore B.TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC.TheLater,theBetter D.TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在信息化時(shí)代我們作為成年人每天都在面對(duì)棉花糖測(cè)試，信息轟炸讓我們攝入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了介紹?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.(每個(gè)孩子都被告知，如果他們?cè)诔灾暗却?5分鐘，他們將得到第二次獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。)”可知，在米歇爾的測(cè)試中，孩子們需要在吃之前等待15分鐘才能得到第二次獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.(但是，當(dāng)我們重塑了我們周圍的世界，大大減少了獲取卡路里的成本和努力時(shí)，我們的大腦仍然和幾千年前一樣，這種不匹配是我們這么多人努力抵抗我們知道不應(yīng)該吃的誘人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根據(jù)第三段可知，豐富的食物供應(yīng)和我們不曾改變的大腦之間存在不匹配。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.(因此，就像我們需要更仔細(xì)地考慮我們的熱量消耗一樣，我們也需要更仔細(xì)地考慮我們的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的誘惑，以便最有效地管理我們的時(shí)間。)”可知，作者建議讀者做有選擇性的信息消費(fèi)者。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.(作為成年人，我們每天都要面對(duì)棉花糖測(cè)試。誘惑我們的不是甜食，而是我們的電腦、手機(jī)和平板電腦——所有這些將我們與全球信息傳遞系統(tǒng)連接起來的設(shè)備，它們對(duì)我們的作用就像棉花糖對(duì)學(xué)齡前兒童的作用一樣。)”可知，文章主要是講在信息化時(shí)代我們作為成年人每天都在面對(duì)棉花糖測(cè)試，信息轟炸讓我們攝入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbecomeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.___16___Butareallonlinecoursescreatedequal?Howcanyoubesurethatdigitallearningisrightforyou?___17___Weinterviewedstudentsandprofessorstogettheiradviceaboutonlinecourses,Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.___18___“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule,”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaself-motivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.Thetipthatcomesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyouwoulddowithinpersoncourses.___19___Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.Itissoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgradeswillsufferasaresult.Besuretoschedulesettimestowatchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.___20___Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.A.Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B.Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C.Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D.ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E.Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.F.Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?G.Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了在線學(xué)習(xí)的注意事項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】由上文“Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbecomeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.(在過去的幾年里，在線學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)成為大學(xué)生活的重要組成部分)”可知，在線學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)大學(xué)生活很重要，本空要說跟“這種現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)”有關(guān)的話題，故G選項(xiàng)“Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.(一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，29%的大學(xué)生注冊(cè)了在線課程。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選G?！?7題詳解】由上文“Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?(但是所有的在線課程都是平等的嗎？你如何確定數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)適合你？)”可知，上文對(duì)在線課程提出疑問，本空可以繼續(xù)提出疑問，故F選項(xiàng)“Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?(如果你參加了在線課程，你能做些什么來確保盡可能好的成績(jī)？)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選F。【18題詳解】由上文“Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.(在線學(xué)習(xí)最明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)是你可以隨時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí))”可知，在線學(xué)習(xí)具備的優(yōu)勢(shì)是可以讓你隨時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí)，本空要說跟“學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間”有關(guān)的話題，故A選項(xiàng)“Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.