話題35安全常識(shí)與自我保護(hù)主題群二自然與災(zāi)害Ⅰ.閱讀理解MercyBaggsisreflectingonherfuture.“ShouldIliveto95，Iwoulddoanotherparachutejump，”shesays.Shefirstjumpedwhenshewas77inhonorofherachievementsasmayoroftheWiltshiretownofCalne.ThenshejumpedagainlastMarch，adaybeforeher90thbirthday，toraisefundsforWiltshireairambulance.“Thisisthethrillofit，”shesays.“Yougoup，andthenthatdooropensandthewindstartstocomethrough.Youexperiencefree－fallforalongtime.”Shehasalwaysenjoyedriskssinceshewasachild，whenpeopleusedtolookdownonher.Butnobodydoesnow.Asachild，shelivedinpovertyandalsowentthroughupsanddowns.“Iamverysensitivetopeoplewhoaremoreunfortunate，”Baggssays.Asayoungadult，shejoinedtheBritishTransportCommissionpolice，butdealingwithchildrenwhocouldn’tfindtheirparentswastoomuchtobear.“Iknewwhattheyweregoingthrough.Ilikekids.Ireallydo.”LatersheleftthepoliceandworkedinWiltshirecouncil.Butnodoubtherchildhoodfedintoheractionsasacouncillor，andlatermayorinCalne，whereshehelpedtosetupadrop－incentreforyoungpeople.Thedrop－incenterwasoneofthecausessheraisedmoneyforwiththatfirstleapoutoftheplane.Butwhyaparachutejump？Atthetime，herlatehusband，John，wasillwithbowelcancer.Hesaid，“Idowishyouwouldn’tdoit.”Shesaid，“John，it’slife.I’vegottodosomething.”Baggshasneverbeenfazedbyageing.Shesaysthatshewantedtoshowthatyoudon’thavetositonyourbacksideknittingorwatchingtelevisionallthetime.There’saworldoutthere.There’salifeoutthere.Shehopesforatleastonemoreskydive，maybeagoona100mphzipwireand“apeacefulend”.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了MercyBaggs不畏高齡，不斷挑戰(zhàn)高空跳傘的故事。1.WhydidMercyBaggsmakeherfirstparachutejump?A.Tocelebrateher90thbirthday.B.Tomakeotherslookuptoher.C.Toraisefundsforanairambulance.D.Tomarkhertermofofficeasmayor.解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Shefirstjumpedwhenshewas77inhonorofherachievementsasmayoroftheWiltshiretownofCalne.”可知，MercyBaggs第一次跳傘是為了紀(jì)念她擔(dān)任鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)的任期。√2.Whatimpactdidherchildhoodexperiencesmakeonhercareer?A.Shedidparachutejumpsasapart－timejob.B.Sheshowedgreatconcernforunluckychildren.C.Shefounditverytoughtoworkwithyoungpeople.D.Sheleftthedrop－incentreandpreparedarunformayor.解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Iamverysensitivetopeoplewhoaremoreunfortunate”可知，她的童年經(jīng)歷對(duì)她的職業(yè)生涯的影響是她非常關(guān)心不幸的孩子?！?.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fazed”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Disturbed. B.Abandoned.C.Witnessed. D.Embarrassed.解析

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段以及最后一段中的“Shehopesforatleastonemoreskydive，maybeagoona100mphzipwire”可知，她的丈夫不建議她繼續(xù)跳傘，但是Baggs的跳傘計(jì)劃并沒(méi)有因年紀(jì)大受到影響。因此最后一段中帶下畫(huà)線的單詞“fazed”的意思是“使困窘，使驚慌失措”，即：Baggs從未因年紀(jì)大而驚慌失措。√4.WhatdoesBaggsintendtoconveywithonemorejump?A.Itisnevertoooldtolearn.B.Enjoylifewithherfamily.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Bebravetofacechallengesinlife.解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Shesaysthatshewantedtoshow...There’saworldoutthere.There’salifeoutthere.”可知，Baggs想再跳一次傘想要傳達(dá)的是要勇于面對(duì)生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。√Elizabethwouldn’twalkortalkasaninfant.Angela’sleftlegwassoenlargedthatithurttostand.Emmaneededabreathingmachinejusttosleep.Theirsufferingmaytakedifferentforms，buttheirstoriesshareacommonthread：Neithertheynortheirfamiliesknewwhatwasactuallycausingtheseissues.ThosecasesarepreciselywheretheUndiagnosedDiseasesNetwork(UDN)stepsin.Establishedin2008，theUDN’smissionistoprovideanswersforpatientswithdiseasesthatdoctorsareunabletodiagnose.AnyonecanapplytotheprogramandtheUDNworkshardtoscreeneveryapplicationitreceives.Today，theUDNcovers12clinicalsitesaroundthecountry，andhasevaluatedover1，400patients.Morethan400ofthosepatientshavereceivedadiagnosisthankstotheUDN.Insomeofthesecases，thenetworkisabletomatchapatientwithanalreadyknowncondition.Inothers，UDNresearchersmustworktodescribeanentirelynewdiseaseandenteritintothemedicaldictionary.Theprogramhasaddedatleast25entirelynewdiseasesinthisway.Additionally，theUDNcoversthecostofthetests，meaningpatientsaren’tburdenedwithcrushingmedicaldebt.“Ithinkthey’vereallyadvancedandchangedthewholemodelforhowweapproachmanyoftheseillnesses，”saysAnnePariser，directoroftheOfficeofRareDiseasesResearch.ShesaystheUDN’smultidisciplinaryapproach—bringingdifferentspecialiststogethertotalkaboutchallengingcases—hashelpedadvancethefieldofrarediseaseresearch，especiallywhenitcomestogeneticdiseases.Livingwithadiseasewithoutanamecanbeitsownkindofsuffering.“Yougrowupfeelinglike，I’minthis，crazy，allbymyself，andnoonereallyunderstandsme，”saysAngelaMoon，aUDNparticipant.Forpatientslikeher，theUDNoffershopefortreatment，butalsoforfinallybeingseen.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了未診斷疾病網(wǎng)絡(luò)(UDN)的成立背景和它取得的進(jìn)展。5.Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto

.A.arousethereaders’interestintheUDNB.giveavividdescriptionofrarediseasesC.introducethebackgroundfortheUDN’sfoundingD.raiseacomplicatedproblemthatwillbesolvedlater解析

寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段和第二段中的“ThosecasesarepreciselywheretheUndiagnosedDiseasesNetwork(UDN)stepsin.”可知，文章第一段主要介紹了一些醫(yī)生未能診斷病因的病例，而UDN的成立，正是為了確診這些未能診斷病因的病例，由此可推斷出，第一段的目的是介紹UDN成立的背景。√6.Thethirdparagraphmainlytalksabout

.A.thewaytheUDNisoperatednationwideB.theprogresstheUDNhasmadesofarC.thereasonswhytheUDNissopopularD.thedevelopmentstagestheUDNhasgonethrough解析

段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Today，theUDNcovers12clinicalsites...havereceivedadiagnosisthankstotheUDN.”和“Theprogramhasaddedatleast25entirelynewdiseasesinthisway.”可知，文章第三段主要介紹了到目前為止UDN所取得的進(jìn)展，它評(píng)估了1400多名患者，其中400多名患者得到了診斷，幫助醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域確診了25種全新的疾病，由此可知，第三段主要講的是UDN迄今為止取得的進(jìn)展。√7.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAngelaMoon?A.Sheusedtoliveindespair.B.Shefailedtoidentifywithothers.C.Sheisreceivingtreatmentnow.D.Therewillbeacureforhercondition.解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，對(duì)安吉拉·穆恩來(lái)說(shuō)，因?yàn)榧膊?，她過(guò)去生活在絕望之中，沒(méi)有人真正理解她，全靠她自己面對(duì)疾病，由此可推斷出，關(guān)于安吉拉·穆恩，我們可以了解到她過(guò)去生活在絕望中?！?.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheUDN’sworkmodel?A.Ithashelpedspreadtheknowledgeofundiagnoseddiseases.B.Itprioritizesparticipants’privacyoversolvingmedicalmysteries.C.Itisspecificallydesignedtodealwithchallenginggeneticdiseases.D.Itemphasizesclosecooperationbetweenspecialistsinseparatefields.解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ShesaystheUDN’smultidisciplinaryapproach...especiallywhenitcomestogeneticdiseases.”可知，UDN的工作模式是多學(xué)科方法,它將不同領(lǐng)域的專家聚集在一起討論具有挑戰(zhàn)性的病例，由此可知，UDN的工作模式強(qiáng)調(diào)不同領(lǐng)域的專家之間的密切合作。√(2024·河北省張家口市高三一模)Mostpeoplewilldoanythingforfamily，butnotmanyareofferedaconcreteopportunitytosaveafamilymember’slife.JoseRamirez’sfamilyhadthatopportunity，andthey1it.Twoyearsago，Josewasdiscoveredtobe2fromkidney(腎臟)failure.WhenJosetalkedtohis3aboutit，hisyoungersister，19－year－oldKelsey，saidshewoulddonateakidneytohim—evenbeforeknowingwhetherakidneytransplant(移植)wasa(n)4.Ⅱ.完形填空5，JoseandhisfamilydiscoveredtheMayoClinicKidneyTransplantProgram.ForJose，theprogramwasespeciallyhelpfulinexplainingand6hisparentsofthebenefitsofliving－donorkidneytransplants.“Forthem，it’stwooftheirkids，”Josesays.“Myparentsweremore7thananyofus，soitwasreally8forthemtogototheprogram’scourses.”Throughouttheprocess，Kelseyremained9toherinitialwishtobecomeJose’skidneydonor.“Whenhewasqualifiedtobeatransplantrecipient，I10，”shesays.Afterseveralexaminationsandtests，Kelseygotherwish.Shewas11tobeJose’sdonor.Thetransplantwentsmoothly，andnowthetwohave12theirnormallives.Asforhissister’sgift，“Youcan’tjustsaythankyou，”Josesays.“Idon’tknowhowtoexplainit.She13asurgerythatshedidn’thavetogothrough.”Kelsey14thatthegreatestthanksshecouldreceiveareseeingthatherbrotherhas15.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

本文是記敘文。文章主要講的是JoseRamirez的妹妹Kelsey給Jose捐腎的故事，展現(xiàn)了血濃于水的手足親情。1.A.created B.took C.afforded D.lost

解析

根據(jù)下文“hisyoungersister，19－year－oldKelsey，saidshewoulddonateakidneytohim”可知，JoseRamirez的家人抓住了機(jī)會(huì)，taketheopportunity意為“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”。2.A.learning B.separating C.surviving D.suffering

解析根據(jù)下文“kidney(腎臟)failure”可知，Jose被發(fā)現(xiàn)患有腎衰竭，sufferfrom意為“患有”?！獭?.A.doctor B.donor C.family D.nurse

解析

根據(jù)下文“hisyoungersister，19－year－oldKelsey，saidshewoulddonateakidneytohim”可知，此處表示“當(dāng)Jose和他的家人談起這件事”。4.A.option B.aim C.cause D.problem

解析

根據(jù)上文“beforeknowingwhetherakidneytransplant(移植)was”可知，句子表示“他19歲的妹妹Kelsey說(shuō)她愿意給他捐一個(gè)腎——甚至在不知道是否可以進(jìn)行腎臟移植之前”，空格處意為“可選擇的事物”。√√5.A.Obviously B.Fortunately C.Suddenly D.Undoubtedly

解析

根據(jù)“Joseandhisfamilydiscovered...wasespeciallyhelpful”可知，Jose和他的家人發(fā)現(xiàn)了Mayo診所的腎臟移植項(xiàng)目，這是幸運(yùn)的。6.A.warning B.accusing C.reminding D.convincing

解析

根據(jù)“hisparentsofthebenefitsofliving－donorkidneytransplants”可知，句子表示“這個(gè)項(xiàng)目在向他的父母解釋和說(shuō)服活體腎臟移植的好處方面特別有幫助”?！獭?.A.stressed B.excited C.amazed D.disappointed

解析

根據(jù)下文“thananyofus”可知，句子表示“我父母的壓力比我們?nèi)魏稳硕即蟆薄?.A.unwise B.possible C.beneficial D.incredible

解析

根據(jù)上文“theprogramwasespeciallyhelpful...living－donorkidneytransplants”可知，句子表示“我父母的壓力比我們?nèi)魏稳硕即?，所以參加這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的課程對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)真的很有好處”?！獭?.A.committed B.honest C.used D.equal

解析

根據(jù)下文“Afterseveralexaminationsandtests，Kelseygotherwish”可知，在整個(gè)過(guò)程中，Kelsey一直堅(jiān)持她最初的愿望，remaincommittedto意為“堅(jiān)持”。10.A.turnedup B.signedup C.spedup D.gaveup

解析

根據(jù)下文“Afterseveralexaminationsandtests，Kelseygotherwish”可知，句子表示“當(dāng)他有資格成為移植接受者時(shí)，我就報(bào)名了”?！獭?1.A.encouraged B.challenged C.expected D.approved

解析

根據(jù)下文“Thetransplantwentsmoothly”可知，她被批準(zhǔn)成為Jose腎臟移植的捐贈(zèng)者。12.A.dreamtof B.thoughtof C.returnedto D.adaptedto

解析

dreamof夢(mèng)想；thinkof想起；returnto回到；重新開(kāi)始做；adaptto適應(yīng)。根據(jù)上文“Thetransplantwentsmoothly”可知，句子表示“移植手術(shù)進(jìn)行得很順利，現(xiàn)在兩人已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了正常的生活”?！獭?3.A.performed B.experienced C.required D.refused

解析

根據(jù)下文“asurgerythatshedidn’thavetogothrough”可知，句子表示“她經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)她本不必經(jīng)歷的手術(shù)”。14.A.insists B.predicts C.suspects D.determines

解析

insist堅(jiān)決要求；堅(jiān)持；predict預(yù)測(cè)；suspect懷疑。根據(jù)下文“thegreatestthanksshecouldreceiveareseeingthatherbrotherhas

”可知，句子表示“Kelsey堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，她能得到的最大的感謝就是看到她的哥哥康復(fù)了”?！獭?5.A.proceeded B.quitted C.responded D.recovered

解析

proceed繼續(xù)做；quit停止；recover康復(fù)。根據(jù)上文“Thetransplantwentsmoothly，andnowthetwohave

theirnormallives”可知，句子表示“她能得到的最大的感謝就是看到她的哥哥康復(fù)了”。√(2024·山東省濟(jì)寧市高三二模)Chineseacupuncture，alsoknownastheartof“magicneedles”，is1.

branchoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Ithasalonghistory2.

(date)backtotheStoneAge.Ithasbeenusedtotreatawide3.

(vary)ofhealthproblems，likeseverepains，sportsinjuries，depression，etc.TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendsit4.

agoodtreatmentforover100medicalproblems.Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Howdoesitwork？Specialthinneedlesareplacedinthe5.

(target)pointsofyourbody.6.

(typical)，thenumberofpointsrangebetween1and12，dependingonyourbodysituations.Theneedlesarepushedjustundertheskin，thoughinsomecases，theyarepushedslightly7.

(deep)inordertoreachthemuscletissue.Thebeliefbehinditis8.

illnessandpainoccurbecauseofblockedenergy(orQi)inthebody.Acupunctureisusedtoreestablishtheflowofenergyandstimulatethebody’snaturalhealing(治愈)ability.9.

(human)aremosthappyandhealthywhenthisenergyis