2025年高考英語二輪復習練習第二部分詞匯知識詞匯知識專題03閱讀理解高頻詞匯（講義）含答案專題03閱讀理解詞匯目錄TOC\o"1-4"\h\u01考情透視·目標導航 202知識導圖·思維引航 403核心精講·題型突破 5考點一攻堅克難——突破研究報告類高頻詞匯 5【真題研析】 5【核心精講】 6閱讀理解中研究報告類高頻詞匯（全部來自于高考研究報告文章的統(tǒng)計） 6【命題預測】 8考點二攻堅克難——熟記閱讀理解中醫(yī)學、科普類高頻詞匯 9【真題研析】 9【核心精講】 10閱讀理解中醫(yī)學、科普類高頻詞匯 10【命題預測】 11考點三攻堅克難——熟記閱讀理解中社會生活、心理學類高頻詞匯 13【真題研析】 13【核心精講】 15閱讀理解中社會生活、心理學類高頻詞匯 15【命題預測】 16考點四融會貫通——通曉閱讀記敘文中描寫人物及作者態(tài)度相關的高頻詞匯 16【真題研析】 16【核心精講】 17閱讀理解記敘文中描寫人物及作者態(tài)度的相關的高頻詞匯 18【命題預測】 22考點五心領神會——熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語通曉命題規(guī)律 23【真題研析】 23【核心精講】 24熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語 24【命題預測】 32考點六運籌帷幄——熟記常用有關文章出處的詞匯 33閱讀理解詞匯考點目標要求考題統(tǒng)計及展示考情分析研究報告類高頻詞匯①熟記相關詞匯；②有助于快速理解文章（2024·新高考I卷）documentn.文件；（計算機）文檔v.記錄；用文件證明extinctadj.滅絕的；廢除了的biodiversityn.生物多類狀態(tài)，生物多樣性detectv.發(fā)現(xiàn)；查明；測technologyn.科技；技術性機器observationn.觀察；監(jiān)視；評論applicationn.申請；請求；申請書；運用；生效；應用軟件；勤奮；努力；涂抹；施用authorn.作者；作家；發(fā)起人assistantadj.（用于頭銜前）助理的；副的n.助手；副手；店員；售貨員；助教outnumbervt.數量多于；比…多specimenn.樣品；范例；（化驗的）抽樣；標本increasinglyadv.不斷增加地；越來越多地observationaladj.觀察的，觀測的investigatev.調查；研究從近三年高考試題來看，閱讀理解的難度都比較大，涉及文章的題材多樣，有應用文、記敘文、普通說明文，科普說明文，研究報告等。詞匯的難度也有所增加。體裁以說明文為主，記敘文和議論文為輔。文章要求考生能快速找到文章的細節(jié)信息、并就某些事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷，要求學生能準確把握文章的主旨大意及作者的寫作態(tài)度及意圖。預計在2025年高考閱讀理解的難度將維持在2024年的水平。閱讀理解中醫(yī)學、科普類高頻詞匯①熟記醫(yī)學、科普類詞匯；②快速理解文章（2024·北京卷）unknowableadj.不能知道的，不可知的simulationn.模仿，模擬；[生]擬態(tài)，擬色；假裝；裝病inquiryn.調查，審查；詢問，質問，追究；探究facilitatev.促進；使便利comprehensionn.理解力；充分了解；（聽力或閱讀）理解測試conceptualadj.觀念的，概念的metaphorn.隱喻，暗喻；象征standardn.標準；軍旗adj.標準的；合格的；一般的informationn.消息；數據；問訊處virtualreality虛擬現(xiàn)實unsurprisinglyadv.不出所料地；不出奇地；意料中地computationn.計算effectiveadj.有效的；實際的；起作用的insightfuladj.富有洞察力的，有深刻見解的閱讀理解中社會生活、心理學類高頻詞匯熟記相關詞匯快速理解文章（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）equallyadv.平等地，相等地；同樣mentalaspect心理方面hypothesisn.假設，假說；[邏]前提mindsetn.觀念模式，思維傾向，心態(tài)engagingadj.迷人的；吸引人的v.雇傭(engage的ing形式)；預訂demonstratev.證明；說明；(游行)示威；演示identicaladj.同一的；完全同樣的，相同的availableadj.可用的，可獲得的；有空的maximizevt.最大化，使（某事物）增至最大限度；極為重視；[數學]解函數的最大值；最大限度利用（某事物）vi.盡可能廣義地解釋；達到最大值mentalfocus心理焦點reflectionn.映像，倒影；體現(xiàn)；深思；反射；描述；感想assumev.假設，認為；呈現(xiàn)；假裝通曉閱讀記敘文中描寫人物及作者態(tài)度相關的高頻詞匯熟記相關詞匯快速理解文章（(2021·新高考II卷之B篇)extremelytired極累gratefuladj.感激的；表示感謝的disappointedadj.失望的，灰心的（2021年6月浙江卷）contentadj.滿意的；滿足的thrilledadj.非常興奮的；極為激動的asenseofcuriosity好奇的感覺inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的；啟發(fā)靈感的successfuladj.成功的determinationn.決心；決定；查明remarkableadj.異常的，引人注目的，；卓越的；顯著的；非凡的，非常（好）的（2021·新高考I卷B篇）boringadj.令人厭煩的，無聊的well-paidadj.工資高的demandingadj.費時的；勞神的；苛刻的；要求很高的dangerousadj.危險的考點一攻堅克難——突破研究報告類高頻詞匯1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)翻譯背誦劃線的單詞IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”【難詞背誦】documentn.文件；文檔v.記錄；用文件證明 extinctadj.滅絕的；廢除了的biodiversityn.生物多類狀態(tài)，生物多樣性 detectv.發(fā)現(xiàn)；查明；測technologyn.科技；技術性機器 observationn.觀察；監(jiān)視；評論applicationn.申請；請求；申請書；運用；生效；應用軟件；勤奮；努力；涂抹；施用authorn.作者；作家；發(fā)起人 assistantadj.助理的；副的n.助手；副手；助教outnumbervt.數量多于；比…多 specimenn.樣品；范例；（化驗的）抽樣；標本increasinglyadv.不斷增加地；越來越多地 observationaladj.觀察的，觀測的investigatev.調查；研究2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.【難詞背誦】statisticiann.統(tǒng)計學家，統(tǒng)計員 illustratev.（用示例/圖畫等）說明；插圖于…experimentn.實驗；試用v.做實驗；嘗試 estimationn.評價，判斷；估算conductv.進行，組織，實施；指揮；傳導 independentadj.獨立的；公正的；無關聯(lián)的；自立的accurateadj.正確的，精確的；精準的 capitalizevt.估計…的價值；把…定為首都vi.利用overestimatevt.對…作過高的評價；對…估計過高n.過高的估計；過分的評價vi.估計過高；評價過高underestimatevt.低估；對…估計不足；n.低估；估計不足；過低評價，過低估價；輕視averageadj.平均的；正常的，一般的n.平均數；平均水平v.平均為；算出…的平均數cancelv.取消，終止；廢除，注銷 correlatedadj.有相互關系的accuracyn.精確（性），準確（性）；準確無誤英語閱讀理解試題中的研究報告類文章總是出現(xiàn)在D篇或C篇，根據近幾年的高考閱讀理解文章看，它是整個卷中最難的部分，難的原因：1.長難詞較多；2.詞形轉換的詞比較多；3.涉及一詞多義或熟詞生義；4.缺乏背景知識，對整體文章理解不到位。所以，二輪復習的一個重要任務就是突破難點，提高閱讀能力。二輪復習總結、熟記研究報告高頻詞匯就是一個有效的方法，力爭高考前把較難的詞匯爛熟于心，為高考考場做好充分準備，這就是有的放矢地備考。閱讀理解中研究報告類高頻詞匯（全部來自于高考研究報告文章的統(tǒng)計）documentn.文件；文檔v.記錄 extinctadj.滅絕的；廢除了的 biodiversityn.生物多樣性detectv.發(fā)現(xiàn)；查明；測 technologyn.科技；技術性機器 observationn.觀察；監(jiān)視；評論applicationn.申請；請求；申請書；運用；生效；應用軟件；勤奮；努力；涂抹；施用authorn.作者；作家；發(fā)起人 assistantadj.（用于頭銜前）助理的；副的n.助手；副手outnumbervt.數量多于；比…多 specimenn.樣品；抽樣；標本 increasinglyadv.不斷增加地observationaladj.觀察的，觀測的 investigatev.調查；研究 statisticiann.統(tǒng)計學家，統(tǒng)計員illustratev.說明；插圖于… experimentn.實驗v.做實驗 estimationn.評價，判斷；估算conductv.進行，組織，實施；指揮；傳導（熱或電） independentadj.獨立的；無關聯(lián)的accurateadj.精確的；精準的 capitalizevt.估計…的價值；把…定為首都vi.利用overestimatevt.對…作過高的評價 underestimatevt.對…估計不足 averageadj.平均的；n.平均數；平均水平v.平均為；算出…的平均數cancelv.取消，終止；廢除，注銷 correlatedadj.有相互關系的 accuracyn.精確（性），準確（性）twistvt.搓，捻；連結，交結vi.扭動；旋轉，轉動n.絲線 phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象；杰出的人individualadj.單獨的；個人的；獨特的n.個人；某種類型的人 significantlyadv.有重大意義地dominantadj.占支配地位的；（基因）顯性的 responsen.答復；反應potentialadj.潛在的n.可能性 implicationn.含義；可能的影響revealv.揭示；展示encounterv.遭遇；偶遇n.偶遇 eye-catchingadj.引人注目的 featuren.特征v.以…為特征imperfectadj.有缺點的，不完美的 datasetsn.數據集；資料組 oversampled過度采樣的identificationn.識別；密切關聯(lián) originallyadv.起初，原來 psychologistn.心理學家temptvt.引誘，慫恿；吸引 devicen.裝置，器具；策略 preschoolern.學齡前兒童mechanismn.[生]機制，機能，[樂]機理；（機械）結構，機械裝置[作用]，（故事的）結構；機械作用dramaticallyadv.戲劇地；顯著地 mismatchn.錯配，失諧 prizen.獎品v.重視；撬動；竭力打探connectivityn.連通性 thoughtfuladj.縝密思考過的 consumptionn.消費，消耗量temptationn.誘惑，引誘；誘惑物 effectivelyadv.有效地 balloonn.（熱）氣球v.膨脹，激增relativelyadv.關系上地；相對地 surveyn.調查v.審察，測量 submitv.順從；提交；主張；建議meaningfuladj.有意義的 interactionn.互相影響；互動 participantn.參加者，參與者；關系者categoryn.種類；類別 submissionn.服從；提交 recognizevt.認出；承認vi.確認distinguishv.區(qū)分；辨別出 randomadj.隨機的；任意的 explanationn.解釋；理由；闡述abnormaladj.反常的，不正常的 abstractadj.抽象的v.寫摘要 academicadj.學業(yè)的，學術的acceleratev.(使)加快，(使)加速 accumulatev.積累，積聚 acquisitionn.獲得，得到；獲得物allergicadj.過敏的 alternativeadj.可供替代的 ambiguousadj.模棱兩可的；不明確的appropriatelyadv.恰當地，合適地 approximatelyadv.近似；大約 budgetn.預算v.謹慎花錢adj.花錢少的calculatevt.計算，預測；估計 challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的 characteristicn.特征；特色adj.典型的circumstancen.條件；環(huán)境；狀況 coincidencen.巧合，巧事 compensatev.彌補，補償；賠償componentn.成分；組成部分 controversialadj.有爭議的 deliberatelyadv.故意地，蓄意地discriminationn.歧視；辨別力 eliminatevt.清除；淘汰 environmentally-related與環(huán)境有關的fragmentn.碎片；片段 influentialadj.有很大影響的 ingredientn.成分，食材；要素，因素integratev.(使)合并，(使)結合 maximumadj.最多的，最大極限的n.最大量，最大限度(反：minimum)overpopulatedadj.人口過多的 perceivev.理解；注意到 permanentadj.長久的，永恒的popularizationn.通俗化，普及 stimulatev.刺激；激發(fā)；促進 transformationn.轉變，改觀（2025·浙江省湖州、麗水、衢州三地市一模）（節(jié)選）InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney,”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices,becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely–comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$5aswell.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentotherscenarios.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,extremelyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainpoint,higherpotentialmonetarygainreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.ThestudyleadauthorVonaschsaysitillustratesthatcontrarytothe“standardeconomicmodel,”whichsupposeshumansalwaysseektomaximizegains,transactionsneedtoalsobeunderstoodassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtounderstandeachother’sminds.Ifsomeoneseemstobreakacceptedrules,suchasself-interest,withoutanyexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotives

and

infertherewillbe

“phantomcosts”–

imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue.”12．Accordingtoparagraph2,theexperimentsmainlyfocusonpeople’s.A．Thinkingmethod. B．Decisionmaking.C．Financialcondition. D．Potentialability.13．Whydoestheauthormention“standardeconomicmodel”?A．Toexplaintheexperimentsfurther. B．Toclarifyapsychologicalconcept.C．Toprovideevidenceforthestudy. D．Toexpressdoubtontheexperiments.【難詞背誦】unusuallyadv.非常；異乎尋常地；顯著地；出奇 suspiciouslyadv.懷疑地；疑心很深地participantn.參加者，參與者 questionnairesn.調查表，問卷scenariosn.[意]情節(jié)；劇本；事態(tài)；腳本 surprisinglyadv.驚人地，出人意外地monetaryadj.貨幣的，金錢的；錢的；金融的 likelihoodn.可能，可能性maximizevt.最大化；極為重視；vi.達到最大值 transactionn.交易，業(yè)務，事務；辦理，處理interactionn.合作；互相影響；互動；交流，溝通 assumev.假設，認為consequencen.結果；重要性 psychologicalvalue心理價值考點二攻堅克難——熟記閱讀理解中醫(yī)學、科普類高頻詞匯1.（2024·北京卷）翻譯背誦劃線的單詞So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveinacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom“Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?”to“Canwemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityiswhatwedo.Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors(隱喻)thatarefamiliartous.InNewton’sera,weimaginedtheuniverseasaclock.InEinstein’s,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle(粒子)physics.Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchasthecomputer,informationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireustobuildnewmodelsoftheuniverse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticlesoranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.Andthemoretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.【難詞背誦】unknowableadj.不能知道的，不可知的 simulationn.模仿，模擬；[生]，擬色；假裝；裝病inquiryn.調查，審查；詢問，質問，追究；探究 facilitatev.促進；使便利comprehensionn.理解力；充分了解；理解測試 conceptualadj.觀念的，概念的metaphorn.隱喻，暗喻；象征 standardn.標準adj.標準的；合格的；一般的informationn.消息；數據；問訊處 virtualreality虛擬現(xiàn)實unsurprisinglyadv.不出所料地；不出奇地；意料中地 computationn.計算effectiveadj.有效的；實際的；起作用的 insightfuladj.富有洞察力的，有深刻見解的2.（2022·全國II卷）Asweage,evenifwe’rehealthy,theheartjustisn’tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon’texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(無氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.【難詞背誦】healthyadj.健康的；健全的；大量的；有益于健康的 efficientadj.效率高的；有能力的oxygenn.氧（氣） flexibleadj.柔韌的；靈活的；易彎曲的specialistn.專家；專科醫(yī)生 fortunatelyadv.幸好；幸運的是midlifen.中年enthusiasticadj.非常感興趣的，熱心的 volunteern.志愿者v.主動提供（建議信息)participantn.參加者，參與者 high-intensity高強度，強烈guidancen.指導；導航 remarkableadj.異常的；卓越的；顯著的；非凡的閱讀理解中醫(yī)學、科普類高頻詞匯1.醫(yī)學類alleviatevt.減輕,使...緩和 absent-mindedadj.心不在焉的，恍惚的 bacterian.(復數)細菌bandagen.繃帶 chronicadj.長期的,慢性的,慣常的 capsulen.膠囊vt.裝入膠囊disablev.使...失去能力 disordern.雜亂,混亂vt.擾亂 discomfortn.不適vt.使不適diagnosev.診斷vi.判斷,診斷 dizzyadj，暈眩的vt.使困惑，使暈眩 transplantvt.移植(器官)prescribevi.開藥方vt.規(guī)定,開處方 vitaminn.維生素 proteinadj.蛋白質的n.蛋白質oxygenn.氧氧氣 soothev.緩和，使..安靜，安慰 resistantadj.抵抗的n.抵抗者immuneadj.免除的,免疫的n.免疫者 syndromen.綜合征;典型表現(xiàn)，典型行為 handicapn.障礙vt.加障礙物surgeonn.外科醫(yī)生 physiciann.內科醫(yī)生 pregnancyn.懷孕remedyn.治療法,補救vt.治療 stressn.壓力v.強調vt.強調 stroken.中風;打擊;vt.撫摸pilln.藥丸vt.服用藥丸 tabletn.藥片，片狀物 scarn.疤痕vt.&vi.使...有傷qualifyvt.取得資格vi.取得資格 undertakevt.從事,承擔；負責 cardiovascularadj.心血管的2.科普類assignv.分配,指派賦值 digitaladj.數字的,電子的 dimensionn.容積n.范圍;方面electricaladj.電的,電氣科學的 electronicadj.電子的;電子操縱的 opticaladj視覺的,光學的universaladj.通用的,宇宙的n.通用 solaradj.太陽的,太陽能的 solidadj.固體的n.固體,實心mechanicaladj.機械的,呆板的 preciseadj.精確的,準確的,認真的 logicaladj符合邏輯的psychologicaladj.心理(學)的 phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象，非凡的人或事物 element成分,元素,基本原理biologyn.生物學 evolutionn.進化，發(fā)展，進展 mathematicsn.數學formulan.公式;adj.方程式的 statisticn.統(tǒng)計數值 carbonn.碳,燈芯,復寫紙measurementn.測量,衡量,尺寸,大小 intelligencen.理解力，智力，情報 graphn.圖表v.用圖表表示navigationn.航行，航海，導航 infiniteadj.無限的,無窮的n.無限 visualadj.視覺的n.可視化monitorv.監(jiān)控n.監(jiān)測儀器 emissionn.發(fā)出；排放（物） pesticiden.殺蟲劑，農藥sustainabilityn.持續(xù)性，永續(xù)性 chemicalsn.化學藥品 transformv.使改變形態(tài)roadmapn.路標 forthcomingadj.即將到來的 revolutionn.革命；變革complicatedadj.復雜的；難處理的 understandableadj.能懂的，可理解的 accessible可進入/使用的informativeadj.提供信息的 ArtificialGeneralIntelligence通用人工智能sidelinedv.使退出比賽(sideline的過去式和過去分詞)；使下場（尤指由于受傷）；把…排除在核心之外；essentialadj.基本的；根本的n.必需品；基本知識tippingpointn.卸載點；引爆點、臨界點、量變到質變的分界點structuredthinking結構化思維 abandonedadj.廢棄的 environmentallyfriendly環(huán)保的 sustainableadj.可持續(xù)的 disposeof丟棄circumstancen．條件，環(huán)境（2024·遼寧省縣級重點高中協(xié)作體期中）DAnestimated5.4millionpeopleintheUnitedStatessufferfromAlzheimer’sdisease,anumberthatisexpectedtogrowastheBabyBoomersage.Evenmoresufferfromotherformsofdementia(癡呆).Tokeepsuchpatients’mindsengagedandgivetheircaregiversathomeabreak,doctorsoftenreferthemtodaycenters,wheretheycanexercise,takepartinactivities,andreceiveprofessionalguidanceormedication.Recently,theGeorgeG.GlennerAlzheimer’sFamilyCenters,aSanDiegononprofitthatoperatesseveralsuchfacilities,hasbeguntocreateaverydifferentsortofdaytimespaceforitspatients:afaketownof24buildings,arrangedaroundacentralgreenanddesignedtoevoketheerawhenmostoftoday’sdementiapatientswereyoungadults.Thehopeisthatvisualremindersoftheiryouthwillsparkmemoriesandconversation.GlennerTownSquarewillbethefirstfacilityofitskindintheUnitedStates,accordingtoDanielSewell,aprofessorofclinicalpsychiatryatUCSanDiegoandanunpaidmedicaladviseronGlenner’sboard.Whiletheprojectisnovel,theapproachitreflects—knownasreminiscencetherapy(回憶療法)—iscommoninclinicalpractice.Byusingavarietyofreminderssuchasphotographsandmusic,facilitators—includingstaffatGlenner—helpdementiapatientsrecallepisodesfromdecadespast.Studieshavefoundthatthetherapyimprovesbothcognitivefunctionandqualityoflife;afullyimmersiveenvironmentlikeGlennerTownSquarecouldenhancetheseeffects.Asdementiaprogresses,memoriesofchildhoodandearlyadulthoodtendtoendurethelongest.“Graduationfromhighschool,college,thefirstjob,marriage,perhapschildren—thesearethemilestones,typically,inlife,”Tarde,anadministratoroftheGeorgeG.GlennerAlzheimer’sFamilyCenters,said.“That20-yearperiodseemstobewherememoriesarethestrongest.”Askapersonwithmid-stagedementiaaboutJenniferLawrence,andyou’llprobablygetaconfusedstare.ButtakeoutaphotoofactressJudyGarland,andalivelyconversationmayfollow.8．WhydodoctorsoftenrecommenddaycenterstoAlzheimer’sdiseasepatients?A．Tomakethemcalmdown. B．Tokeeptheirmindsactive.C．Tohelpthemmakemorefriends. D．Topreventthemdevelopingotherdiseases.9．WhatdoweknowaboutGlennerTownSquare?A．Itisafacilityforcaregiverstotakearest.B．Itisanancienttownforpatientstolivein.C．Itisintendedtorefreshthepatients’memories.D．Itisinspiredbythedesignofseveralotherfacilities.10．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheproject?A．Safe. B．Flexible. C．Challenging. D．Promising.11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphindicate?A．JudyGarlandandJenniferLawrencewerefamousadministrators.B．Memoriesconcerningtheearlierkeymomentsareeasiertorecall.C．Memoriesofalllifestagescanequallybeappliedinthetreatment.D．Alzheimer’sdiseasepatientscanhavememoriesof20yearsatmost.【難詞背誦】estimatedadj.估計的；預計的；估算的v.估計，評估 engagedadj.忙碌的v.保證，約定；從事professionalguidance專業(yè)指導 medicationn.藥劑；藥物治療；藥物處理；加入藥物nonprofitadj.非盈利的 facilitiesn.工具；天資；特別裝置；設備evokev.引起，喚起 visualreminders視覺提醒approachv.臨近；處理n.方法，途徑 episoden.一集，一節(jié)；插曲；（病癥）發(fā)作期therapyn.治療，療法，療效；心理治療；治療力 cognitivefunction認知功能immersiveadj.擬真的；沉浸式虛擬現(xiàn)實的 enhancev.提高，增強；改進endurev.忍受；持續(xù) milestonesn.重要事件；重要階段；轉折點；里程碑typicallyadv.典型地；代表性地；通常 administratorn.管理者；有管理（或行政）才能的人考點三攻堅克難——熟記閱讀理解中社會生活、心理學類高頻詞匯1.（2024·新高考I卷）翻譯背誦劃線的單詞Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假說)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.【難詞背誦】equallyadv.平等地，相等地；同樣 mentalaspect心理方面 hypothesisn.假設，假說；[邏]前提 mindsetn.觀念模式，心態(tài) engagingadj.迷人的；吸引人的v.雇傭；預訂 demonstratev.證明；說明；(游行)示威；演示identicaladj.同一的；完全同樣的，相同的 availableadj.可用的，可獲得的；有空的maximizevt.最大化；[數學]解函數的最大值 mentalfocus心理焦點reflectionn.映像，倒影；體現(xiàn)；深思；描述 assumev.假設，認為；呈現(xiàn)；假裝2.（2023·新課標II卷）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.【難詞背誦】celebrationn.慶典；慶祝；贊揚 representationn.表現(xiàn)；陳述humanityn.人類；人性；人道 emphasizev.強調；重視；使突出portrayv.扮演（角色）；描述；描繪；表現(xiàn) leisuren.空閑時間；閑暇；悠閑；安逸relateto與...相關；涉及；談到 symbolicallyadv.象征性地demonstratev.證明；說明；(游行)示威；演示 intellectn.智力，理解力；有才智的人；知識分子inexpensiveadj.不貴的，便宜的 throwawayadj.脫口而出的；開玩笑的；用后丟棄的transformv.使改變形態(tài)；使改觀 sculpturen.雕刻作品；雕刻藝術3.（2023·全國乙卷）Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.【難詞背誦】Inadditionto除…以外(還) miscomprehension誤解accidentallyadv.偶然地 deliberatelyadv.有意地；從容地；不慌不忙地powerfullyadv.強大地，強烈地；有效地 objectn.物體；目標；v.反對；提出…反對的理由literateadj.有文化修養(yǎng)的；熟練的；通曉的 accountn.賬號；賬單；解釋；老主顧v.解釋necessarilyadv.必要地；不可避免地 conversationn.交談，談話閱讀理解中社會生活、心理學類高頻詞匯1.社會生活類allocatevt.分配assessv．評估；估算 bankruptadj.破產的 biographyn．傳記boostv．提高；推動；使增長 civilizev．使文明，開化 comprehensionn．理解consciousnessn．意識；觀念 coordinationn．協(xié)調 celebrityn．名人criticallyadv.批判性地 depressedadj.蕭條的 disciplinen．紀律emergencen．興起 financialsqueeze財政困難 flourishv．繁榮genuineadj.真的；真誠的 initiativen．倡議，新方案 modifyv．調整；修飾pursuitn．追求；消遣 sponsorn．贊助者v．贊助 tragedyn．悲劇thrivev．旺盛，繁榮 tendv．傾向 dishonestadj.不誠實的violentbehaviours暴力行為 chaosn.混亂，雜亂 moralityn.道德；道德觀moralvirtues道德美德 crueltyn.殘酷，虐待；不公 humblenessn.謙遜，粗鄙religionn.宗教；教派；心愛的事物 socialinstincts社會本能 communityn.社會（團體）motivatevt.促動，激發(fā)，誘導；刺激 behaviouralpatterns行為模式 efficientadj.效率高的accompanyv.陪同，陪伴；伴隨 advantageousadj.有利的；有好處的 self-discipline自我修養(yǎng),自律capacityn.容量；才能adj.無虛席的 strengthenv.鞏固；加強；增強 self-controln.自控；自我克制philosophyn.哲學；哲學思想；生活信條2.心理學類minimalismn.最低綱領，極保守行動 intolerableadj.無法容忍的；難堪 solituden.單獨，孤獨aggressiveadj.挑釁的；積極進取的 conceitedadj.自負的，傲慢的 frustratevt.挫?。皇故艽煺踠onelyadj.孤獨的；寂寞的；偏僻的 stressn.壓力；強調v.強調 suspectv.猜想，覺得；懷疑bullyv.恐嚇，威逼 victimn.受害者；犧牲品 anxietyn.憂慮，焦慮；渴望psychologyn.心理（學）；思想 psychologistn.心理學家 self-esteemn.自尊；自大；傲骨suicidalthoughts自殺念頭 neglectv.疏忽n.忽略；怠慢 empathyn.<心>移情作用；同感sympatheticadj.同情的；贊同的 respectn.尊敬v.遵守 assertivenessn.魄力；自信supportiveadj.支持的，擁護的，贊助的 complexadj.復雜的n.復合體 psychologicalproblem心理問題mentalhealth心理健康 societalexpectations社會期望 overwhelmingadj.勢不可擋的competitiveadj.競爭的；有競爭力的 extracurricularadj.課外的 deprivationn.剝奪；喪失；匱乏prioritizevt.按重要性排列；優(yōu)先處理 verbalabuse言語虐待 socialexclusionn.社會排斥cyberbullying網上欺凌 popularizationn.普及 emotionalintelligence情緒misunderstandv.誤解 motivationn.動力；積極性 stabilityn.穩(wěn)定；堅定，恒心（2025·浙江省金華市高三上學期一模）（閱讀C節(jié)選）Nothingspecialhappenedduringthatnight.Rather,thebigrolethishotelplaysinmymemoriescanbeexplainedbyapsychologicalprinciplecalledtherecencyeffect.“Therecencyeffecthelpstoaccountforourtendencytoremembertheendingpartofasequenceofeventswithfarmoreclaritythantherest,”saidDr.MaryPoffenroth,abiopsychologist.Shesaysitarisesfromourshort-termmemory’sinabilitytoholdontomorethanasmallamountofinformationatonce.Sowhilethereisnomagicformulatocreatelovelytravelmemories,employingtherecencyeffectcanturnagoodtripintoanunforgettableone.Dr.Stephanie,aNeuroscientist,saysthatwhileyoucanstrategicallysetofftherecencyeffectatatrip’send,youmayhavemultipleopportunitiestocreatelastingmemoriesallalongthewaybybreakingitupintosmallerchunks.【難詞背誦】psychologicalprinciple心理原理 recencyeffect近因效應accountfor說明（原因、理由等）；導致，引起 asequenceof一系列的clarityn.清楚，明確；思路清晰 biopsychologist生物心理學家inabilityn.無能，無力；無才能；無能為力 formulan.公式，方程式；方案，方法unforgettableadj.難忘的；銘刻肺腑的 Neuroscientist[醫(yī)]神經科學家：神經科學各分支專家strategicallyadv.戰(zhàn)略上，戰(zhàn)略性地 multipleadj.多重的；多個的；復雜的；多功能的考點四融會貫通——通曉閱讀記敘文中描寫人物及作者態(tài)度相關的高頻詞匯1．(2021·新高考II卷之B篇)Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.【難詞背誦】extremelytired極累 gratefuladj.感激的；表示感謝的 disappointedadj.失望的，灰心的2．（2021年6月浙江卷）DidNielsenthenfeelcontentinhiscareer?Yesandno.Hewasthrilledtobedoingthecomedythathealwaysfeltheshoulddo,butevenduringhislastfewyears,healwayshadasenseofcuriosity,wonderingwhatnewroleorchallengemightbejustaroundthecomer.Heneverstoppedworking,neverretired.L