新理念大學(xué)英語網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)系統(tǒng)答案綜合教程2unit2?一、單元主題及核心內(nèi)容本單元圍繞"文化沖突與融合"這一主題展開。通過一系列的閱讀、聽力、口語和寫作練習(xí)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解不同文化背景下人們的思維方式、價值觀和行為習(xí)慣的差異，以及在跨文化交流中如何應(yīng)對文化沖突，促進文化融合。核心內(nèi)容包括探討不同國家和地區(qū)在社交禮儀、商務(wù)文化、家庭觀念等方面的特點，幫助學(xué)生提升跨文化交際能力，增強對多元文化的理解和包容。

二、各部分練習(xí)答案

（一）PrereadingActivities1.Task1:CultureandValuesAnswers:1.Differentcultureshavedifferentvalues.Forexample,insomecultures,individualismishighlyemphasized,whileinothers,collectivismprevails.2.Valuescaninfluencepeople'sbehavior,decisionmaking,andperceptionoftheworld.3.Somevaluesthatmayvaryacrossculturesincludeattitudestowardstime,personalspace,family,andworkethic.2.Task2:UnderstandingCulturalDifferencesAnswers:1.Culturaldifferencescanleadtomisunderstandingsinmunication.Forinstance,agesturethatisacceptableinoneculturemayhaveapletelydifferentmeaninginanother.2.Itisimportanttobeawareofculturaldifferencestoavoidconflictsandbuildbetterrelationshipsincrossculturalinteractions.3.Wecanlearnaboutculturaldifferencesthroughvariousmeanssuchasreadingbooks,traveling,andinteractingwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.

（二）ReadingComprehensionPassageA:CulturalClashintheGlobalWorkplace1.ComprehensionoftheTextAnswers:1.ThemainideaofthepassageisabouttheculturalclashthatoccursintheglobalworkplaceduetodifferencesinworkvaluesbetweentheWestandAsia.2.Westernworkvaluesemphasizeindividualachievement,petition,andshorttermresults.Asianworkvaluesfocusmoreongroupharmony,cooperation,andlongtermgoals.3.TheexampleoftheAmericanmanagerandtheAsianemployeesshowsthatthedifferentworkvaluescanleadtomisunderstandingsandinefficienciesintheworkplace.TheAmericanmanager'semphasisonindividualperformancewasnotwellreceivedbytheAsianemployeeswhopreferredamoregrouporientedapproach.4.Tobridgetheculturalgapintheworkplace,paniescanprovidecrossculturaltrainingforemployees,encourageopenmunication,andrespecttheworkvaluesofdifferentcultures.2.VocabularyinContextAnswers:1."paradigm"meansatypicalexampleorpatternofsomething.Inthecontext,itreferstotheWesternworkvaluepattern.2."conducive"meansmakingacertainsituationorresultlikelyorpossible.Here,itdescribesanenvironmentthatisfavorableforachievinggroupharmony.3."explicit"meansstatedclearlyandindetail.Theauthorusesittodescribethecleardifferencesinworkvalues.4."ambiguous"meanshavingmorethanonepossiblemeaningandthereforeunclear.Itisusedtocontrastwiththeexplicitdifferencesinworkvalues.3.SentenceUnderstandingAnswers:1.ThissentencemeansthatWesternpanies,whenexpandingglobally,oftenimposetheirownworkvaluesontheiroverseassubsidiaries,whichmaynotbesuitableforthelocalculturalcontext.2.ItimpliesthatAsianemployeesmayfeelthattheireffortsandcontributionsarenotrecognizediftheyareevaluatedsolelybasedonindividualperformanceasintheWesternworkparadigm.3.ThisshowsthataworkenvironmentthatemphasizesindividualpetitionmaynotbebeneficialforachievingtheoverallgoalsofthegroupinanAsianculturalsetting.

PassageB:CulturalAdjustmentinStudyingAbroad1.ComprehensionoftheTextAnswers:1.Thepassagefocusesontheculturaladjustmentproblemsthatinternationalstudentsfacewhenstudyingabroad,especiallyintermsofdifferencesinacademicculture,socialnorms,andlanguage.2.Internationalstudentsmayencounterdifficultiessuchasdifferentteachingstyles,expectationsfromprofessors,andwaysofparticipatinginclassdiscussions.3.Toadjusttothenewculture,studentscanactivelyseekoutculturalexchangeopportunities,makelocalfriends,andbeopenmindedaboutdifferentwaysofdoingthings.4.Theauthorsuggeststhatuniversitiesshouldprovidemoresupportservicesforinternationalstudents,includingculturalorientationprogramsandacademicadvising.2.VocabularyinContextAnswers:1."hurdle"meansaproblemordifficultythatmustbeovee.Inthiscontext,itreferstothechallengesinternationalstudentsfaceinadjustingtoanewculture.2."sophisticated"meanshavingagoodunderstandingofthewaypeoplebehaveandinteractindifferentsituations.Itisusedtodescribetheplexnatureofacademiccultureinanewcountry.3."proficient"meansskilledandpetent.Here,itreferstobeinggoodatthelanguageofthehostcountry.4."orientation"meansanintroductionortrainingsessiontohelppeoplegetusedtoanewsituationorenvironment.Inthepassage,itreferstoculturalorientationprogramsforinternationalstudents.3.SentenceUnderstandingAnswers:1.Thissentencemeansthatinternationalstudentsmaynotbefullypreparedforthedifferencesinacademicculturewhentheyfirstarriveinanewcountry,whichcancausethemtofeelconfusedandlost.2.Itindicatesthatstudentsneedtoadapttheirstudymethodsaccordingtothenewacademicrequirementsinordertosucceedintheirstudiesabroad.3.Thisshowsthatmakinglocalfriendscanbeaneffectivewayforinternationalstudentstobetterunderstandthelocalcultureandoveethesenseofisolation.

（三）Vocabulary1.WordBuildingAnswers:1.individualism(noun):thebeliefintheimportanceoftheindividualandhisorherrightsandfreedoms.individual(adjective):single;separate;relatingtooneperson.2.collectivism(noun):theprincipleorpracticeofgivingagrouppriorityovereachindividualinit.collective(adjective):relatingtoagroupofpeople;shared.3.petition(noun):theactivityorconditionofpeting.pete(verb):eration(noun):erate(verb):workjointlytowardsthesameend.2.WordUsageAnswers:1.Thepanyencouragesemployeestoworktogetherincooperationtoachievethemongoal.2.Thereisfiercepetitionamongthetopnotchuniversitiesforthebeststudents.3.Insomecultures,individualismishighlyregarded,andpeopleareencouragedtopursuetheirowndreams.4.Thecollectivistcultureemphasizestheimportanceofthegroupovertheindividual.3.CollocationsAnswers:1.beconduciveto:Agoodstudyenvironmentisconducivetobetteracademicperformance.2.imposeon:Parentsshouldnotalwaysimposetheirownideasontheirchildren.3.adjustto:Ittakestimeforpeopletoadjusttoanewenvironment.4.seekout:Shealwaysseeksoutopportunitiestolearnnewthings.

（四）ListeningComprehensionTask1:CulturalDifferencesinCommunicationStyles1.Answers:1.Insomecultures,directmunicationispreferred,whileinothers,indirectmunicationismoremon.2.Americanstendtobemoredirectinmunication,statingtheiropinionsclearly.Asiansmaybemoreindirect,usinghintsandnonverbalcues.3.Indirectmunicationcansometimesleadtomisunderstandingsifthelistenerdoesnotunderstandthehiddenmeaning.Task2:CulturalNormsinBusinessMeetings1.Answers:1.Insomecultures,itismontostartabusinessmeetingontime,whileinothers,acertainamountofflexibilityisallowed.2.Differentculturesmayhavedifferentnormsregardingbodylanguage,suchaseyecontactandhandgestures,inbusinessmeetings.3.Understandingandrespectingtheseculturalnormscanhelpavoidawkwardsituationsinbusinessmeetings.

（五）Speaking1.PairWork:DiscussingCulturalDifferencesPossibleAnswers:A:Ithinkonebigculturaldifferenceisintheconceptoftime.Inmycountry,peopleareusuallyverypunctualforappointments.Whataboutinyours?B:Inmyculture,thereisabitmoreflexibility.Sometimes,it'sconsiderednormaltobealittlelateaslongasit'snottooexcessive.A:That'sinteresting.Also,intermsofpersonalspace,Ifeelwekeepacertaindistancefromothersinpublic.Howaboutyourculture?B:Inmyculture,peoplemaystandorsitclosertoeachotherinsomesituations,especiallyamongfriendsandfamily.2.GroupDiscussion:AdaptingtoaNewCultureAnswersmayvarydependingongroupdiscussions,butcouldinclude:Whenadaptingtoanewculture,it'simportanttolearnaboutthelocalcustomsandtraditions.Forexample,wecanreadbooksortalktolocalpeople.Weshouldbeopenmindedandnotjudgeothersbasedonourownculturalstandards.Tryingnewlocalfoodsandparticipatinginlocalfestivalscanalsohelpusbetter融入thenewculture.

（六）WritingTask1:WritingaParagraphaboutCulturalDifferencesSampleParagraph:Culturaldifferencesareevidentinvariousaspectsoflife.Onesignificantdifferenceliesinmunicationstyles.InWesterncultures,peopletendtobemoredirectinexpressingtheiropinions.Theysayexactlywhattheymeanwithoutmuchbeatingaroundthebush.Forinstance,inabusinessmeeting,anAmericanmightclearlystatetheirobjectionstoaproposal.Onthecontrary,inmanyAsiancultures,municationisoftenmoreindirect.Peoplemayusehints,gestures,ornonverbalcuestoconveytheirthoughts.Thiscansometimesleadtomisunderstandingsiftheotherpartyisnotfamiliarwiththeseindirectmethods.Understandingthesedifferencesiscrucialforeffectivecrossculturalmunication.

Task2:WritinganEssayonCulturalAdaptationSampleEssayOutline:

Title:CulturalAdaptation:AJourneyofGrowth

IntroductionBrieflyintroducethephenomenonofculturaladaptation,especiallyforthosestudyingorworkinginaforeigncountry.Statetheimportanceofculturaladaptationintoday'sglobalizedworld.

BodyChallengesinCulturalAdaptationDiscussdifficultiessuchaslanguagebarrie