上海交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2020-2021學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高一英語期末試卷(滿分150分，130分鐘內(nèi)完成）第I卷1.ListeningComprehensionDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaidTheconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.7:00B.6:30C.6:00D.7:302.A.Theyarelikelytohaveagreatreview.B.Theywillstaythereforalongertime.C.theyaretoenjoyicecreaminaneasyway.D.Theicecreamstoreistoobigtoimagine.3.A.Hewasinvolvedinatrafficaccident.B.Hewasnotabletogettoworkontime.C.Heisseriouslysickofhiscar.D.Hehadhiscarstolen.4.A.Thewomanplannedtotravelbyhigh-speedrail.B.Oneoftheman’searsabsolutelydeaf.C.Thetrafficappmayhelpthemtoavoidaheavytraffic.D.Theyaredrivingatahighspeedastheyplanned.5.A.AtthebusstopofShanghaiDisneyland.B.Attheplatformofasubway.C.AtShanghairailwaystation.D.AtabusstopsomewhereinShanghai.6.A.Policewomananddriver.B.Nurseandpatient.C.Librarianandreader.D.Hotelmanagerandguest.7.A.Theyhaveadoptedatleasttwokids.B.Theywillhavemoreadoptedkids.C.ThecouplearefromAfrica.D.Theyareanextendedfamily.8.A.Ms.Zengisplanningtoraisetherawmaterialcostduetotheraisedlabourcost.B.Themanishesitatingaboutwhetherhewillbuycertainproductsornot.C.Thequalityoftheproductsisreallyfarfromtheman’sexpectation.D.Themanhasmadeuphismindtogivethenegotiationastop.9.A.Shedoesnotapproveoftheman’swayindescribingpeople’sspeech.B.Shebelievesthatpeople’sspeakinginanelegantwayisamazing.C.Shedoesn’tbelievepeoplemayspeakelegantlyinreallife.D.Shewasindoubtabouttheman’scharactersinthenovel.10.A.Theirweddinganniversaryiscomingsoon.B.They’dbetterfindanotherrestauranttocelebratetheirweddinganniversary.C.Thewomanshouldbemorepatientonsuchabigday.D.Thedrivingisdullbecauseoftheheavytraffic.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Question11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.15,000B.5,000,000C.15,000,000D.50,000,00012.A.TheChinesepeoplearereallygoodattheworld’smostpopularsport,soccer.B.Withinnextdecades,morethan90,000soccerfieldswillbebuiltacrossthecountry.C.ChinesemenhavequalifiedfortheWorldCupfinalonlyoncein2002.D.Incontrasttomen,Chinesewomensoccerplayersaremoresuccessful.13.A.SomebillionairesinChina.B.PresidentXiJinping.C.JacksonMartinez.D.TheChinesepeople.Question14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Itgivesstudentsmoretimetodigestwhatthey’velearned.B.Itisflexibleinplanningclasses,socialpracticeandpersonalprojects.C.Plentyofsocialpracticefreesstudentsofworriesabouttheirfuturecareer.D.Studentshavemoretimetoenjoytheirlifeinuniversities.15.A.ThelengthofeachsemestervariesintheChinesetrimester.B.Allthose“Project985”universitieshaveappliedthistrimestersystem.C.Studentshouldtakeasmanycoursesaspossibleinsummersemester.D.Takingothersubjectsshouldbeoffthelistinsummersemester.16A.Takingmorecoursesinsummersemester.B.Havinganefficientarrangementinstudyingcontents.C.Takinganactivepartinpromotingacademicenvironment.D.Payingnotattentiontochangesinacademicschedules.Question17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Athome.B.Inastudio.C.Inoffice.D.Atschool.18.A.AnEnglishprogramme.B.Somethingannoying.C.Anexpression.D.Agoat,calledFred.19.A.Nel'sgoatisreallyamadgoat,atroublemaker.B.NellreallymakesFeifeimad.C.Nell'sgoatwasreallyannoyingtoeveryone.D.Nell'sgoatannoysFeifeiduetoitssmell.20.A.Yourbestfriendtoldyouthathe'spastthedrivingtest.B.Somecarsareblowingtheirhornswhenyouaredoingatestinside.C.Youareridingabicyclewithyouclassmatesinthestreet.D.Yourneighbourbringsyouacakebecauseitisherdaughter’sbirthday.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Theconcertworldasawholeisincrisis,butjazz,oneofthemostvulnerabletypesperformance,isespeciallyontheedge.onliveA.whichdependsB.whichdependC.thatdependD.asdepends【答案】C2.Victimsoftenmeetresistanceintheverylegalsystem,opinion.evidencemaybeoverwhelmedbypublicC.whoseD.thatA.whichB.where【答案】B3.TheNewYorkStockExchangeisnolongerthecompanyA.whichB.asC.wherethegeneralpublicthinksitis.D.that【答案】D4.ThelifeeventsofthismomentarebeingplacedinyourexperiencetoprovideyouwithaperfectcontexttruewonderandgloryofWhoYouReallyAre.theA.withinwhereyoucouldexperienceC.whichtoexperiencewithin【答案】DB.withinthattoexperienceD.withinwhichtoexperience5.We’veadvancedanumberofnewtechnologicalinnovationsourproductsinthefuture.helpfulinopeningadditionalmarketsforA.webelievearehelpfulB.thatwebelievetheyarehelpfulD.whichwebelieveC.aswebelieveare【答案】D6.Addressingtheseimportantissueswillbenefitnotonlythemilitarycountry.but,isoftenthecase,theentireD.ifA.asB.whichC.that【答案】A7.WerethemenA.theones【答案】Ctheynoticedsomerecruitedforthenavy?B.whoC.ofwhomD./8.Louisethoughtofthedifficultyshecouldhaveeasilyacquiredthemoneysheneededtostarthercareer.A.afterwhichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.overwhich【答案】C9.Manhasthegiftofreason,enableshimtodominatelifeonearth—andthechancetosurviveaslongasthesolarsystemremainshospitabletohim.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.as【答案】B10.ThenewsysteminDefenseprogram.A.whichdevelopmentDr.GreyparticipatedisnotbeingutilizedinthecurrentNationalB.whereC.whoseD.that【答案】C11.AdditionaltransmittingfacilitieswouldA.makeitpossibleB.makepossibleamuchstrongersignalthatwouldreachmanymorelisteners.C.makepossiblethatD.bemadeitpossible【答案】B12.Whatishardertochargeofisforreal.A.establishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyaretakingB.facilitateC.impressD.recommend【答案】A13.Astheforeignslavetradewascutoff,theAmericanslavetradeabsolutelyboomed.C.domesticD.limitedA.intendedB.regular【答案】C14.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisCORRECT?A.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbesuretobecomplicated.B.ItislikelyforChinatobeattheUnitedStatesintheapplicationofAI,aslocalcompaniesscrambletoexperimentwithnewideas.C.ItistypicalforthoseunderemployedtofleenorthtoChicago,Detroitandothercitiesinsearchofabetterlife.D.EarlierinmypoliticalcareerIlearnedthetruthoftheoldsaying—thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.【答案】D15.Ourmain______behindbuyingEuropeanstockshasbeenthedropintheeurowhichmakesexportsfromEuropeancountriesmorecompetitive.A.argument【答案】ASectionBB.factorC.discoveryD.capability(A)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.distractionB.separatedC.productD.partyE.entertainmentF.freedG.involvedH.failureI.electronicJ.prohibitedK.barelyTurningoffTV:aQuietHourIwouldliketoproposethatforsixtytoninetyminuteseachevening,rightaftertheearlyeveningnews,alltelevisionbroadcastingintheUnitedStatesbe___16___bylaw.Letustakeaserious,reasonablelookatwhattheresultsbeifsuchaproposalwereaccepted.Familiesmightusethetimeforarealfamilyhour.Withoutthe___17___ofTV,theymightsitaroundtogetherafterdinnerandactuallytalktooneanother.Itiswellknownthatmanyofourproblems—everything,infact,fromthegenerationgaptothehighdivorceratetosomeformsofmentalillness—arecausedatleastinpartby___18___tocommunicate.Wedonottelleachotherwhatisdisturbingus.Theresultisemotionaldifficultyofonekindoranother.Byusingthequietfamilyhourtodiscussourproblems,wemightgettoknoweachotherbetter,andtolikeeachotherbetter.Oneveningswhensuchtalkisunnecessary,familiescouldrediscovermoreactivepastimes.___19___fromTV,forcedtofindtheirownactivities,theymighttakearidetogethertowatchthesunset.Ortheymighttakeawalktogether(rememberfeet?)andseetheneighborhoodwithfresh,neweyes.WithfreetimeandnoTV,childrenandadultsmightrediscoverreading.Thereismore___20___inagoodbookthaninamonthoftypicalTVprogramming.Educatorsreportthatthegenerationgrowingupwithtelevisioncan___21___writeanEnglishsentence,evenatthecollegelevel.Writingisoftenlearnedfromreading.Amoreliteratenewgenerationcouldbea___22___ofthequiethour.Atfirstglance,theideaofanhourwithoutTVseemsradical.Whatwillparentsdowithoutthe___23___baby-sitter?Howwillwespendthetime?Butitisnotradicalatall.Ithasbeenonlytwenty-fiveyearssincetelevisioncametocontrolAmericanfreetime.Thoseofusthirty-fiveandoldercanrememberchildhoodswithouttelevision,spent___24___withradio—whichatleast_____25_____thelistener’simagination—butalsowithreading,learning,talking,playinggames,inventingnewactivities.Itwasn’tthatdifficult.Honest.Thetruthisweenjoyedourselvesgreatly.【答案】16.J17.A18.H20.E22.C24.D19.F21.K23.I25.G(B)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.normalB.continuedC.trappedD.removeE.shortF.urgedG.commitH.anniversaryI.endJ.increasesK.record2020hasbeenanextremeyearforhurricanes,wildfiresandheatwavesaroundtheworld.NewreportsfromUnitedNationsagencieslistthisyear'srecord-breakingweatherandtheburningoffossilfuelsascausesof___26___globalwarming.U.N.Secretary-GeneralAntonioGuterresrecently___27___worldleaderstomake2021theyearwhenhumanityendswhathecallsits“waronnature”.Heaskedthemto___28___toafuturefreeofplanet-warmingcarbonpollution.Thesecretary-general'scommentscomeastheUN.preparesforaDec.12onlineclimatemeetinginFranceonthe5th___29___ofthe2015Parisclimateagreement.Amaingoalofthatagreementistokeep___30___intheEarth'stemperatureduringthiscenturytobetween1.5and2degreesCelsius.InaspeechgivenatNewYork’sColumbiaUniversity,Guterressaid,“Thestateoftheplanetisbroken,Humanityiswagingwaronnature.ThisissuicidalDestructivefiresandfloods,cyclonesandhurricanesareincreasinglythenew___31___.”Inareport,theWorldMeteorologicalOrganization(WMO)saidthisyearissetto___32___about1.2degreesCelsiuswarmerthanthelasthalfofthe1800s.Scientistsusethattimeperiodasastartingpointforwarmingcausedbyheat-trappinggasesfromtheburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas.Most___33___heatgoesintotheworld’sseas.Oceantemperaturesarenowat___34___levels.Italsomeans2020willbeoneofthethreehottestyearsonrecord.Guterressawhopethatmorethan100countrieshavepromisedthatby2050theywillnotbeaddingmoreheat-trappinggasestotheatmospherethantreesandtechnologycan____35____.ChinaandU.S.President-electJoeBidenhavepromisednetzerocarbonemissions.【答案】26.B27.F28.G30.J32.I34.K29.H31.A33.C35.DIII.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsonphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Housingisoneofthemostimportantneedsforhumanlife.Itisalsooneofthemostheavilyregulatedsectors.SinceWorldsWarI,inmostcountries,thegovernmenthas___36___interferedinthehousingmarket,tryingtocorrectexistingorimaginedmarketfailures.Forexample,virtuallyallcountrieshavehad,atsomepoint,rentcontrols.Bytheearly2010s,suchregulationswereabandonedbymostcountries.However,arenaissanceofrentcontrolisnow___37___inmanycountries.Forexample,limitationsonrentsettingwereimposedinParisandLyon(France)inJuly2019andMarch2020,___38___;state-widerentgrowthrestrictionswereintroducedinCaliforniainJanuary2020andaretoremaininforceuntilJanuary2031;andinBerlin(Germany)rentswere___39___for5yearsstartinginFebruary2020,tonamejustafewexamples.TheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19pandemichasincreasedtheimportanceofsuchmeasures.Afterthemajorityofcountriesimposedsanitaryrestrictions,suchaslockdowns,inMarch2020,the___40___lossofincomeledtoaworldwidewaveofeviction(驅(qū)逐)bansandrentfreezes.Thus,thathousingmarketregulationsplayanimportantroleisnotjust___41___fact,itispresentreality.Althoughgovernmentsusevariouscombinationsofcarrotsandstickstoachievetheirgoals,hereweconcentrateonlyonstickpolicies.___42___,weexaminethethreerestrictivehousingmarketregulations:(a)rentcontrol;(b)protectionoftenantsfromeviction;(c)housing___43___.Beingubiquitous(almosteverywhere)andoftenusedatalargescale,thesepoliciescanaffectvariousaspectsofnotjustthehousingmarketbutalsothewhole___44___.Theycaninfluencehousingpricesandrents,thechoicebetweenrentingandowning,residentialconstruction,theaccumulationanddistributionofwealth,andresidentialmobility.Indirectly,theycancontributetothebuildupofpricebubblesand____45____ofunemployment.Theassessmentoftheireffectscanbefacilitatedbythecreationofindices(指數(shù))quantifyingthedegreeofseverityofsuchgovernmentalinterference.Therefore,thepurposeofthisstudyistodevelopamulticountry,multiperioddatabaseofrentalhousingmarket____46____.Thisstudyhasseveralimportantadvantages.First,it____47____averylongperiodoftime,whichisimportantgivenlong-lastingeffectsofgovernmentalregulationsuponmarkets,especiallyhousingmarketswhereavery____48____goodistraded.Second,itusesawidepanelofcountriesfromall____49____continents,takingadvantageofawidevarietyofnotjustsocioeconomicandculturalconditionsbutalsohistoricalpaths.Third,itcontainsa(n)____50____indicatorthatmeasurestheintensityofhousingrationing—aformofregulationthat,untilnow,hasbeenneglectedintheliterature.36.A.slightlyB.activelyB.capableB.fortunatelyB.pushedC.legallyD.definitelyD.adaptableD.originallyD.arrangedD.boiling37.A.observable38.A.immediately39.A.intended40.A.resultingC.approachableC.respectivelyC.frozenB.leadingC.tempting41.A.global42.A.Literally43.A.rationing44.A.country45.A.lackB.occasionalB.SpecificallyB.estateC.regularD.historicalD.SeriouslyD.adaptationD.economyD.independenceD.factorsC.ApparentlyC.distributionC.humanityC.improvementC.regulationsC.survivesC.durableB.worldB.persistenceB.techniquesB.lasts46.A.tendencies47.A.enjoys48.A.precious49.A.developed50.A.novelD.coversB.fancyD.reliableB.inhabitedB.labor-savingC.spaciousC.equalD.independentD.stylish【答案】36.B37.A48.C38.C49.B39.C50.A40.A41.D42.B43.A44.D45.B46.C47.DSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)IwasborninthecityofYork,inEngland,intheyear1632.Myfatherwasamanofsomewealth,abletogivemeagoodhomeandsendmetoschool.ItwashiswishthatIshouldbealawyerbutmyheadbegantobefilledveryearlywiththoughtsoftravel,andIwouldbesatisfiedwithnothingbutgoingtosea.Myfathergavemestrongadviceagainstit,butwithlittleeffect.Oneday,beingatHull,Imetaschool-fellowwhowasabouttosailforLondoninhisfather’sship,andheinvitedmetogowithhim,andinanevilhour,withoutaskingGod’sblessingormyfather’s,Iwentonboard.OnthewaytoLondon,astormarose,theshipwaswrecked,andwebarelyescapedwithourlives.IwentonfoottoLondon,whereImetwiththemasterofavesselwhichtradedtothecoastofAfrica.Hetookafancytome,andofferedmeachancetogowithhimonhisvoyages,whichIgladlyaccepted.Agreatstormcameup,andtheshipwastossedaboutformanydays,untilwedidnotknowwherewewere.Suddenlywestruckabankofsand,andtheseabrokeovertheshipinsuchawaythatwecouldnothopetohaveherholdmanymomentswithoutbreakingintopieces.Sointhisdistresswelaunchedaboat.Afterwehadbeendrivenfourorfivemiles,amountainouswavestruckussohardthatitoverturnedtheboatatonce.ThoughIswamwell,thewavesweresostrongthatIwasdashedagainstarockwithsuchforcethatitleftmesenseless.ButIrecoveredalittlebeforethewavesreturned,and,runningforward,gottothemainlandsafely.51.WhydidtheauthorgoonfoottoLondon?A.Theshiphetookwasdestroyedinastorm.B.Hisfatherdidnotsupplythefareforthejourney.C.Hewentagainsthisfather'sstrongadvicenottodoso.D.Hisschool-fellowinvitedhimtogotogether.52.Whydidtheylaunchaboat?A.Theyknewtheywereneartheshore.B.Thebigwaveswereabouttooverturntheship.C.Theirshiphadbeenknockedaboutformanydaysonthesea.D.Theirshiphadstrucksandandwasabouttobreakintopieces.53.Whentheauthorgottothemainland,heA.searchedeverywhereforhislostcompanionsB.felldownonthegroundsenselessC.wassafeandsound.D.ranforwardtoescapebeingwashedbackintothesea54.Whentheauthorfinallyarrivedonland,hemostprobably_____.A.knewhewasinAfricaB.didnotknowwherehewasC.wasnotawarehewasbackinEnglandD.gotintouchwithhisfamilyandaskedforhelp【答案】51.A52.D53.C54.B(B)4DaysBeijingandXi’anHighlightsBudgetTourTourDuration:4DaysDestination:Beijing,Xi’anTourCode:CBT08Touroverview:EnjoythemarvelousancientrelicsincludingtheTerraCottaWarriorsandHorses,theGreatWall,theimperialForbiddenCityandSummerPalace...Also,experiencethetraditionalBeijinglocallifebytakingaHutongtourinRickshaw.B=Breakfast,L=Lunch,D=DinnerTourMealsDestinationsServicesProvidedDatesIncludedBegreetedbyourlocalguideuponyourarrivalandthenbetransferredtoyourhotel.ExperienceauniqueHutongtourbytakingrickshawfortherestday.Details...Day1Beijing/FirstClassDeluxeClassTouristClassRedwallHotelCrownePlazaHotelSunworldHotelBeijingWangfujingBeijingVisitTheTempleofHeaven,TiananmenSquareandForbiddenCitv.Details...Day2BeijingFirstClassDeluxeClassTouristClassRedwallHotelBCrownePlazaHotelSunworldHotelBeijingWangfujingBeijingVisitBadalingGreatWall,MingTombs,TheSacredWay.Intheevening,hetransferredtorailwaystationtotakeovernightsoftsleepertraintoXi'an.Details...Day3Beijing/Xi’anBBArriveinXi'aninthemorning,yourlocalguidewillgreetyouattheexitoftherailwaystationandtransferyoutothehotel.Afterbreakfast,visitTheTerracottaArmyandHorses,AncientCityWallandBellTower.Afterthetour,youwillbetransferredtotheairportforyourdepartureflighttonextdestination.Details...Day4Xi'anGroupSize2-5paxSeasonTourClassLowSeasonPeakSeason3*(TouristClass)3*(TouristClass)$539$539ShoulderSeason3*(TouristClass)$5391.Normallyhotelsallowamaximumof3adultsperroomwithanextrabed,atextracharge.Somehotelswillallowthreeadultsandasmallchild.Free2.Tourpriceisindicativeonly,pleaseenquireforadetailedquotation.3.Morepeoplemorediscounts.Pleaseenquireformoredetails.InquiryPriceInclusionsandExclusionsPriceIncludeA.Entrancefees:Toscenicspotsaslistedaboveintheitinerary.B.Meals:Allmealsasspecifiedintheitinerary.C.PrivateTransfers:Amongairports,hotelsandscenicspotswhilesightseeingintheabovecitiesbytheprivateairconditionedvehicle.D.GuideandDriver:Asoutlinedintheitinerary,awellselectedEnglish-speakingguideanddriverwillaccompanyyouthroughouttheentiretourinthatcity.Theydonotflywithyoufromonecitytoanother.E.Hotels:HotelBasedontwopersonssharingoneroomwithtwinbeds.AllhotelsaslistedintheaboveitineraryservedailywesternorChinesebreakfast.Allroomsareair-conditionedwithprivatefacilitiesunlessspecified.F.LuggageTransfers:Betweenairportsandhotels.G.ServiceCharge&GovernmentTaxes.H.TravelinsuranceinmainlandChinaduringtheabovetravelperiod.I.Arrangements:Thetourcostincludesplanning,handling,operationalandcommunicationcharges.PriceExcludeA.EntryorExitChinaInternationalAirfareortraintickets.B.VisaFees.C.ExcessBaggageCharges.D.PersonalExpenses:Expensesofapurelypersonalnaturesuchaslaundry,drinks,fax,telephonecall,optionalactivities,sightseeingormealswhicharenotincludedintheitinerary.E.Meals:Anymealswhicharenotspecifiedwith“B”，“L”or“D”.F.SingleRoomSupplement.G.Insurancecoverageofpersonalloss,illnessordamagesincurredduringyourtrip.H.TipstoGuidesandDrivers.55.Whowouldbemostprobablyinterestedintheinformationabove?A.TouristagenciestryingtoexpandtheirbusinessinChina.B.ExpertsspecializingintheTerraCottaWarriorsandHorses.C.Highschoolstudentsplanningforthesummervacation.D.ForeignTouristsinterestedintraditionalChineseculture.56.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheprice?A.TheovernightsoftsleepertraintoXi’an.C.Compensationforapieceoflostluggage.57.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?B.AHutongtourinrickshaw.D.Breakfastsfor3days.A.SunworldHotelBeijingissuperiortoCrownePlazaHotelBeijingWangfujing.B.Touristswillvisitninescenicspotsandexperienceaspecialtouralltogether.C.Thepriceforeachtouristremainsthesameregardlessoftheseasonortheirclass.D.TouristswillbeaccompaniedbyanEnglish-speakingguideontheirwaytoXi’an.【答案】55.D56.C57.A(C)Attheageoftwelveyears,thehumanbodyisatitsmostvigorous.Ithasyettoreachitsfullsizeandstrength,anditsownerhisorherfullintelligence;butatthisagethelikelihoodofdeathisleast.Earlier,wewereinfantsandyoungchildren,andconsequentlymorevulnerable(易受傷害的),later,weshallundergoaprogressivelossofourvigorandresistancewhich,thoughunnoticeableatfirst,willfinallybecomesosteepthatwecanlivenolonger,howeverwellwelookafterourselves,andhoweverwellsociety,andourdoctors,lookafterus.Thisdeclineinvigorwiththepassingoftimeiscalledageing.Itisoneofthemostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthisway,thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseaseweshalleventually“dieofoldage”,andthatthishappensataratewhichdifferslittlefrompersontoperson,sothatthereareheavyoddsinfavorofourdyingbetweentheagesofsixty-fiveandeighty.Someofuswilldiesooner,afewwilllivelonger—onintoaninthortenthdecade.Butthechancesareagainstit,andthereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyandrobustweare.Normalpeopletendtoforgetthisprocessunlessanduntiltheyareremindedofit.Wearesofamiliarwiththefactthatmaages,thatpeoplehaveforyearsassumedthattheprocessoflosingvigorwithtime,ofbecomingmorelikelytodietheolderweget,wassomethingself-evident,likethecoolingofahotkettleorthewearing-outofapairofshoes.Theyhavealsoassumedthatallanimals,andprobablyotherorganismssuchastrees,oreventheuniverseitself,mustinthenatureofthings“wearout”.Mostanimalswecommonlyobservedoinfactageaswedo,ifgiventhechancetolivelongenough;andmechanicalsystemslikeawoundwatch,orthesun,doinfactrunoutofenergyinaccordancewiththesecondlawofthermodynamics(whetherthewholeuniversedoessoisamootpointatpresent).Butthesearenotanalogous(類似的)towhathappenswhenmanages.Arun-downwatchisstillawatchandcanberewound.Anoldwatch,bycontrast,becomessowornandunreliablethatiteventuallyisnotworthmending.Butawatchcouldneverrepairitself—itdoesnotconsistoflivingparts,onlyofmetal,whichwearsawaybyfriction.Wecould,atonetime,repairourselves—wellenough,atleast,toovercomeallbutthemostinstantlyfatalillnessesandaccidents.Betweentwelveandeightyyearswegraduallylosethispower,anillnesswhichattwelvewouldknockusover,ateightycanknockusout,andintoourgrave.Ifwecouldstayasvigorousasweareattwelve,itwouldtakeabout700yearsforhalfofustodie,andanother700forthesurvivorstobereducedbyhalfagain.58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?A.Ourfirsttwelveyearsrepresentthepeakofhumandevelopment.B.Peopleusuallyareunhappywhenremindedofageing.C.Normallyonlyafewofuscanlivetotheeightiesandnineties.D.Peopleareusuallylesslikelytodieattwelveyearsold.59.Theword“it”inthelastsentenceofParagraphTworefersto.A.remainingaliveuntil65B.remainingaliveafter80D.dyingbetween65and80C.dyingbefore65orafter8060.Whatisageing?A.Itisusuallyaphenomenonofdyingatanoldage.B.Itisafactthatpeoplecannotliveanylonger.C.Itisagraduallossofvigorandresistance.D.Itisaphasewhenpeopleareeasilyattackedbyillness.61.Whatdotheexamplesofwatchshow?A.Normallypeoplearequitefamiliarwiththeageingprocess.B.Allanimalsandotherorganismsundergotheageingprocess.C.Thelawofthermodynamicsfunctionsintheageingprocess.D.Human’sageingprocessisdifferentfromthatofmechanisms.【答案】58.A59.B60.C61.D(D)Mentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproble