MarineEngineeringEnglish《輪機(jī)英語》APracticalCourseforEngineersWorkingonBoardShips

Lesson3

DieselEngineConstruction

柴油機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)

2LearningObjectives:1.Graspsomeusefulwordsandexpressionsinthewholetext.2.Afterstudyingthelesson,heorshewillhaveabetterunderstandingofDieselEngineonstruction3

4part1

NewWordsandExpressions5Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionINewWordsandExpressionsfoundationn.基礎(chǔ)rigida.堅(jiān)固的，結(jié)實(shí)的flexiblea.柔性的，靈活的hogv.使拱起，上拱sagv.使下沉，下陷flexv.彎曲并伸展longitudinala.縱向的individuallyad.獨(dú)立地erectv.建立，豎立fabricateda.鍛造的reamv.鉸孔holdingdownbolts底腳螺栓thrustcollar推力環(huán)fittedbolt緊配螺栓tie-rod貫穿螺栓bearinghousing軸承座bedplate機(jī)座castiron鑄鐵fabricatedsteel鍛鋼6part2

TextAnalysis

Thedieselenginemainlyconsistsoftwokindsofparts:thefixedpartsandthemovingparts.Inthepartoneofthisarticle,wemainlytalkaboutthefixedpartsofdieselengine.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI包括，包含Text7固定部件運(yùn)動(dòng)部件柴油機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括固定部件和運(yùn)動(dòng)部件；這篇課文主要討論固定部件。

Typicallythefixedpartsincludebedplate,tie-rods,A-frameandcylinderliner,etc.Thereisastructuraldiagramoflargemarinedieselenginebelow.（Fig.3-1）Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI機(jī)座Text8貫穿螺栓機(jī)架典型的固定部件包括：氣缸套

Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionIText9典型的固定部件包括：

Thebedplate(Fig.3-2a)isthefoundationonwhichthe2-strokeengineisbuilt.Itmustberigidenoughtosupporttheweightoftherestoftheengine,andmaintainthecrankshaft,whichsitsinthebearinghousingsinthetransversegirders,inalignment.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI基礎(chǔ)Text10足夠堅(jiān)固曲軸機(jī)座是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)。。。軸承座對(duì)中

Atthesametimeitmustbeflexibleenoughtohogandsagwiththefoundationplatetowhichitisattachedandwhichformspartoftheship’sstructure.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI包括，包含Text11拱腰和塌腰結(jié)構(gòu)機(jī)座也必須有一定的柔性（彈性）

Ifthebedplatewastoorigid,thenasthehullflexed,theholdingdownbolts,whichsecuretheengineintotheship,wouldbelikelytobreak,andtherewouldbeadangerofthebedplatecracking.

Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI螺栓Text12固定裂紋本段了解即可13Fig.3-2BedplateandA-frameTheA-frames(Fig.3-2b)carrythecrossheadguidesandsupporttheengineentablature(thecylinderblock).Onlargeengines,theA-framesareindividuallyerectedonthebedplatedirectlyabovethetransversegirders.

Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI十字頭導(dǎo)板Text14機(jī)體氣缸體A型機(jī)架上有十字頭導(dǎo)板，并且支撐機(jī)體（氣缸體）單獨(dú)的

Whenboxedinwithplatingtheyformthecrankcase.Thetrendnowadaysistobuildtheframeboxasaseparatefabricatedconstructionandthen,afterstressrelievingandmachiningthematingsurfaces,tomountitonthebedplate.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI曲柄箱Text15鍛造應(yīng)力釋放本段了解即可車削，加工

Whentheframesarealignedonthebed-platetheyaresecuredtogetherbydrillingandreamingandusingfittedbolt.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI對(duì)中Text16鉆孔Toholdthebed-plate,framesandentablaturefirmlytogetherincompression,andtotransmitthefiringforcesbacktothebedplate,longtiebolts(Fig.3-3)arefittedthroughthesethreecomponentsandthentightenedhydraulically.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI壓縮，壓緊Text17燃燒的力貫穿螺栓貫穿螺栓的作用。。。部件液壓的18

Topreventexcessivebendingmomentsinthetransversegirders,thetieboltsarepositionedasclosetothecenterofthecrankshaftaspossible.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI彎曲運(yùn)動(dòng)Text19橫梁曲軸貫穿螺栓應(yīng)該盡量靠近曲軸（避免橫梁彎矩）

Becausethetieboltsaresoclosetothecrankshaft,someenginesemployjackboltstoholdthecrankshaftmainbearingcapinpositioninsteadofconventionalstudsandnuts.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI撐桿螺栓Text20軸承蓋傳統(tǒng)的本段了解，掌握單詞即可Thecylinderliner(Fig.3-4)formsthecylindricalspaceinwhichthepistonreciprocates.Thereasonsformanufacturingthelinerseparatelyfromthecylinderblockinwhichitislocatedareasfollows.②Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI往復(fù)Text21制造位置，放置活塞在氣缸內(nèi)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)氣缸套和氣缸體要分開制造

1.Thelinercanbemanufacturedusingasuperiormaterialtothecylinderblock.Whilethecylinderblockismadefromagraycastiron,thelinerismanufacturedfromacastironalloyedwithchromium,vanadiumandmolybdenum.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionIbetterText22灰鑄鐵合金鑄鐵缸套的材料，是鑄鐵合金。。。23

Thelinerwillgettendtogetveryhotduringengineoperationastheheatenergyfromtheburningfuelistransferredtothecylinderwall.Sothatthetemperaturecanbekeptwithinacceptablelimitsthelineriscooled.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionIText24極限，限制缸套會(huì)因?yàn)槿加偷娜紵兊迷絹碓綗?，所以要冷卻

Cylinderlinersfromolderlowerpoweredengineshadauniformwallthicknessandthecoolingwasachievedbycirculatingcoolingwaterthroughaspaceformedbetweenlinerandjacket.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI均勻的，一致的Text25厚度氣缸的內(nèi)套和外套以往的氣缸壁，厚度是一致的

Thecoolingwaterspacewassealedfromthescavengespaceusing"O”ringsandatelltalepassagebetweenthe"O”ringsledtotheoutsideofthecylinderblocktoshowaleakage.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI掃氣箱Text26O型密封圈泄漏氣缸套的下側(cè)密封。。。

Toincreasethepoweroftheengineforagivennumberofcylinders,eithertheefficiencyoftheenginemustbeincreasedormorefuelmustbeburntpercycle.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionIText27效率為了增加發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率，要么增加效率，要么增加噴油量

Tobummorefuel,thevolumeofthecombustionspacemustbeincreased,andthemassofairforcombustionmustbeincreased.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI容積Text28燃燒室為了燃燒更多的燃油，燃燒室的容積必須增加并且。。

Becauseoftheresultinghigherpressuresinthecylinderfromthecombustionofthisgreatermassoffuel,andthelargerdiameters,thelinermustbemadethickeratthetoptoaccommodatethehigherstresses,andpreventcrackingofthematerial.Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionI直徑Text29更厚材料的裂紋把氣缸套上部，也就是構(gòu)成燃燒室的部分做的更厚，（然后鉆孔冷卻）30part3

Exercise&Examination1.Anumberofcylinderlinersareenclosedinonecastironcasingtoforma_____. A.cylindercover B.cylinderblock C.cylinderframe D.bed-plate 氣缸套Exercise31氣缸體幾個(gè)缸套被封閉在一個(gè)鑄鐵件內(nèi)便形成了一個(gè)氣缸體。。Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionIB2.Thereisasupportringbetweenthecylinderblockandthecollarofthecylinderliner,thuscarryingboththelinerandthecylindercover.Italsopasses_____tothecoolingboresandtothecover. A.coolingwater B.coolingoil C.refrigerant D.lubricateoil卡環(huán)（衣服的領(lǐng)子）Exercise32氣缸蓋缸體和缸套凸緣間有支撐環(huán),用來支撐缸套和缸蓋。同時(shí),它將冷卻水通到冷卻腔和氣缸蓋。Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionIA3.Inordertoincreasethewearingresistance,thecylinderlinersurfacesaresometimes_____. A.aluminum-plated B.bronze-plated C.zinc-plated D.chromium-plated抗磨損Exercise33為了提高抗磨性能,缸套表面經(jīng)常鍍鉻。。Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionID4.A_____isthefoundationoftheengine,withoutthesupportofwhichtheshaftalignmentinparticular,andenginestructureasawhole,wouldinevitablybelost. A.Frame B.Bedplate C.Cylinder D.Liner做工沖程Exercise34盤車機(jī)機(jī)座是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的基礎(chǔ),如無其支撐,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是軸的對(duì)中都將無從保證。 。Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionIB5.Onemethodofconstructinglargemarinedieselenginesandreducingthetotalengineframeweightisthrough_____. A.castinginterlockingcomponents B.weldingplatestoformsectionsforassembly C.forgingintegralcomponents D.casehardeningintegralcomponents機(jī)架Exercise35建造大型船用柴油機(jī)時(shí),為減少整臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)架的重量,可采用焊接鋼板形成分段部件來組裝。Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionIB6.AtthetopoftheA-framesthereisastrongcastironframecalled_____. A.cylinderliner B.cylindercover C.thegearbox D.thescavengingbox鑄鐵Exercise36A型機(jī)架的頂部有一個(gè)鑄鐵架,即掃氣箱。Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionID7.A-framesandcylinderblockisheldtogetherby_____toformarigidstructure.

A.connectingrods B.pistonrods C.tierods D.jack-bolts結(jié)構(gòu)Exercise37A型機(jī)架和氣缸體用貫穿螺栓固定。。Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionIC8.Eachcylinderisclosedatthetopbya_____,madeofaspecialheat-resistantsteel. A.cylinderliner B.couplingflange C.cylindercover D.pistoncrown耐熱鋼Exercise38氣缸的頂部由氣缸蓋封閉,缸蓋由特殊的耐熱鋼制造。 Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionID9.Topreventexcessive_____inthetransversegirders,thetieboltsarepositionedasclosetothecenterofthecrankshaftaspossible. A.thermalstresses B.bendingmoments C.thermalloads D.surfacetensionsExercise39為避免橫梁受到過大的彎矩,貫穿螺栓的位置應(yīng)盡可能靠近曲軸的中心。Lesson3DieselEngineConstructionIB10.Atleast_____cylindersinfour-strokeenginewillbeconfiguredtoensurethattheenginecanbestartedwiththecrankshaftatwhateverposition. A.6 B.2 C.12 D.8Exercise40四沖程柴油機(jī)要能正常工作至少需要6個(gè)氣缸。 Lesson3DieselEngineConstruction