色燈信號(hào)機(jī)天津鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院鐵路信號(hào)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備維護(hù)色燈信號(hào)機(jī)色燈信號(hào)機(jī)以其燈光的顏色、數(shù)目和亮燈狀態(tài)來表示信號(hào)。目前，鐵路采用的色燈信號(hào)機(jī)主要有透鏡式信號(hào)機(jī)、組合式信號(hào)機(jī)和LED信號(hào)機(jī)。透鏡式色燈信號(hào)機(jī)采用透鏡組來將光源發(fā)出的光線聚成平行光束，故稱為透鏡式。由于它結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，安裝方便，控制電路所需電纜芯線少，所以得到廣泛應(yīng)用。組合式信號(hào)機(jī)則是為提高在曲線上顯示距離而研制的信號(hào)機(jī)。LED信號(hào)機(jī)是為了提高信號(hào)顯示的可靠性和延長燈泡的使用壽命，采用發(fā)光二極管即LED技術(shù)研制開發(fā)的鐵路信號(hào)機(jī)。目前客運(yùn)專線上采用了LED信號(hào)機(jī)。

Color-lightsignalsareindicatedbythecoloroftheirlights,theirnumberandtheirstateofillumination.Atpresent,themaincolor-lightsignalsusedinrailwaysaremulti-lenssignals,modularsignalsandLEDsignals.

Themulti-lenssignalusesalenssettogatherthelightemittedfromthelightsourceintoaparallelbeam,soitiscalledmulti-lenstype.Itiswidelyusedbecauseofitssimplestructure,easyinstallationandthesmallnumberofcorewiresrequiredforthecontrolcircuit.

Themodularsignalisdevelopedtoincreasethedistanceshownonthecurve.

LEDsignalsarerailwaysignalsdevelopedusinglightemittingdiode(LED)technologyinordertoimprovethereliabilityofthesignaldisplayandextendthelifeofthebulb.Currently,LEDsignalsarenowusedonpassengerdedicatedlines.Color-lightSignal（一）透鏡式色燈信號(hào)機(jī)1.透鏡式色燈信號(hào)機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)透鏡式色燈信號(hào)機(jī)有高柱和矮型兩種類型，高柱信號(hào)機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)安裝在信號(hào)機(jī)柱上，矮型信號(hào)機(jī)的的機(jī)構(gòu)安裝在水泥基礎(chǔ)或鋼制基礎(chǔ)上。2.透鏡式色燈信號(hào)機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)組成如圖，每個(gè)燈位由燈泡、燈座、透鏡組、遮檐、背板等組成。燈泡是色燈信號(hào)機(jī)的光源，目前均采用直絲雙絲燈泡，燈泡內(nèi)有兩個(gè)燈絲，一個(gè)主燈絲，一個(gè)副燈絲。正常情況下點(diǎn)亮主燈絲，當(dāng)主燈絲斷絲時(shí)，自動(dòng)改點(diǎn)副燈絲，并發(fā)出報(bào)警，提醒值班人員更換燈泡。燈座是用來安裝燈泡的，現(xiàn)采用定焦盤式燈座，為保證獲得最大的顯示距離，燈泡應(yīng)安裝在透鏡的焦點(diǎn)上，在調(diào)整好透鏡組焦點(diǎn)后燈座固定不動(dòng)，更換燈泡時(shí)無需調(diào)整燈座。鐵路信號(hào)的點(diǎn)燈電源是交流220V，而燈泡規(guī)格為12V/25W，為了正常點(diǎn)燈，設(shè)置了將點(diǎn)燈和燈絲轉(zhuǎn)換集成一體的多功能點(diǎn)燈裝置。多功能點(diǎn)燈裝置采用插入式安裝，配線簡單，施工方便，便于檢修和更換，有主副燈絲告警接口，受到普遍的歡迎。圖8-27透鏡式色燈信號(hào)機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)

色燈信號(hào)機(jī)

1.Multi-lensSignal1.StructureofMulti-lensSignalTherearetwotypesofmulti-lenssignals,highsignalanddwarfsignal,wherethemechanismofthehighsignalisinstalledonasignalpostandthemechanismofthedwarfsignalisinstalledonaconcreteorsteelfoundation.2.MechanismCompositionofMulti-lensSignalThemechanismofthemulti-lenssignalisshowninFigure.Eachlightpositionconsistsofabulb,lightsocket,lensgroup,hood,backboard,andsoon.Thebulbisthelightsourceofthecolor-lightsignals，currentlyallusestraightfilamentdoublefilamentbulb,thebulbhastwofilaments,amainfilament,asecondaryfilament.Themainfilamentislitundernormalconditionsandwhenthemainfilamentisbroken,thesecondaryfilamentisautomaticallyswitchedtolightandanalarmisissuedtoalertthedutyofficertoreplacethebulb.Thelightsocketisusedtoinstallthebulb,nowusingfixedfocusdisktypelightsocket,inordertoensurethatthemaximumdisplaydistance,thebulbshouldbeinstalledinthefocusofthelens,afteradjustingthefocusofthelensgroupthelightsocketisfixed,noneedtoadjustthelightsocketwhenreplacingthebulb.Thepowersupplyforlightingofrailwaysignalsis220VAC,whilethebulbspecificationis12V/25W.Inordertolightnormally,amultifunctionallightingdeviceintegratingthelightingandfilamentconversionissetup,asshowninFigure8-28.Themulti-functionallightingdeviceisplug-ininstallation,simplewiring,easyconstruction,convenientmaintenanceandreplacement,withmainandsecondaryfilamentwarninginterface,andisuniversallywelcomed.Color-lightSignalMechanismofMulti-lensSignal（二）LED色燈信號(hào)機(jī)LED信號(hào)機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)大小同透鏡式色燈信號(hào)機(jī)，機(jī)構(gòu)由鋁合金材料構(gòu)成，重量大大減少，便于進(jìn)行施工安裝，密封條件好，信號(hào)點(diǎn)燈單元由LED發(fā)光二極管構(gòu)成，使用壽命長，作為一種節(jié)能、免維護(hù)的新型光源在鐵路信號(hào)顯示系統(tǒng)中得到了成功的運(yùn)用。LED鐵路色燈信號(hào)機(jī)顯示距離超過1.5km且清晰可辨，使用壽命可達(dá)105h，是信號(hào)燈泡的100倍，且安全可靠。通過監(jiān)測控制系統(tǒng)的電流，可監(jiān)督信號(hào)顯示系統(tǒng)的工作狀態(tài)，預(yù)警異常情況有助于準(zhǔn)確判斷故障點(diǎn)，便于及時(shí)處理。用LED取代傳統(tǒng)的雙絲信號(hào)燈泡和透鏡組，從而徹底消除燈泡斷絲這一多發(fā)性的信號(hào)故障，可以做到免維護(hù)，結(jié)束了普通信號(hào)機(jī)定期更換信號(hào)燈泡的維修方式，減少維修工作量，節(jié)省維修費(fèi)用。LED信號(hào)機(jī)有多種類型來滿足不同的需要。LED鐵路信號(hào)機(jī)一般由鋁合金信號(hào)機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)、點(diǎn)燈變壓器、超高亮度發(fā)光二極管矩陣(發(fā)光盤)、發(fā)光盤專用點(diǎn)燈裝置等組成。鐵路采用的為XSLE型LED信號(hào)機(jī)，主要用于站內(nèi)，該信號(hào)機(jī)主要由信號(hào)光源、室外點(diǎn)燈單元、室內(nèi)隔離調(diào)壓報(bào)警單元、集中監(jiān)測報(bào)警等部分組成。其LED信號(hào)光源電路主要由LED發(fā)光點(diǎn)陣和抗干擾門限二部份組成，且LED采用串并聯(lián)形式，每個(gè)串聯(lián)支路由若干個(gè)LED加限流電阻組成；多個(gè)串聯(lián)支路并聯(lián)組成發(fā)光LED點(diǎn)陣?？垢蓴_門限值為電纜線路電壓AC60V，當(dāng)電纜線路上的電壓色燈信號(hào)機(jī)

2.LEDColor-lightSignal

ThemechanismoftheLEDsignalisthesamesizeasmulti-lenssignal,themechanismismadeofaluminumalloymaterial,theweightisgreatlyreduced,itiseasytocarryoutconstructionandinstallation,thesealingconditionsaregood,thesignallightingunitismadeofLEDlight-emittingdiodes,theservicelifeislong,asanewenergy-saving,maintenance-freelightsourceintherailwaysignaldisplaysystemhasbeensuccessfullyused.

LEDrailwaycolor-lightsignalsareclearlyvisibleoveradistanceofmorethan1.5kmandhaveaservicelifeof105h,100timeslongerthansignalbulbs,andaresafeandreliable.Bymonitoringthecurrentofthecontrolsystem,theworkingstatusofthesignaldisplaysystemcanbesupervised,andearlywarningofabnormalconditionshelpstoaccuratelydeterminethepointoffaultandfacilitatetimelyprocessing.LEDreplacesthetraditionaldoublefilamentsignalbulbandmulti-lensgroup,thuscompletelyeliminatingthebulbbrokenfilament,whichisafrequentsignalfaultandcanbemaintenance-free,endingtheregularreplacementofsignalbulbsinordinarysignals,reducingmaintenanceworkloadandsavingmaintenancecosts.ThereareseveraltypesofLEDsignalstomeetdifferentneeds.Ledrailwaysignalsgenerallyconsistofaluminumalloysignalmechanism,lightingtransformer,ultra-highbrightnesslight-emittingdiodematrix(light-emittingdisk),speciallightingdeviceforlightingdisk,andsoon.TherailwayadoptstheXSLEtypeLEDsignal,whichismainlyusedinthestation.Thesignalismainlycomposedofsignallightsource,outdoorlightingunit,indoorisolatedvoltageregulationalarmunit,centralizedmonitoringalarmandsoon.TheLEDsignalsourcecircuitismainlyColor-lightSignal低于門限值時(shí)，門限關(guān)閉，光源滅燈。室外點(diǎn)燈單元分為5Km以下的BXZ2-40和5-15Km的BXZ-40兩種型號(hào)。室內(nèi)隔離調(diào)壓報(bào)警單元GTB有隔離調(diào)壓變壓器、由單片機(jī)構(gòu)成的檢測及報(bào)警電路，具有隔離、調(diào)壓、抗干擾門限功能測試、故障檢測及報(bào)警等功能。集中監(jiān)測報(bào)警兼具監(jiān)測記錄和報(bào)警的功能，通過485串口把所有分散設(shè)置的隔離調(diào)壓報(bào)警單元信息集中通過液晶顯示屏，以便維修人員了解相關(guān)信息并進(jìn)行相關(guān)操作。因LED發(fā)光管是低能低耗的高效發(fā)光器材，在滿足相關(guān)光學(xué)指標(biāo)的前提下，XSLE型LED信號(hào)機(jī)光源的輸入功率僅8W，加上點(diǎn)燈單元等附屬器件，室外點(diǎn)燈總的功耗也僅為13W左右。如果直接采用交流220V向點(diǎn)燈電路供電，則會(huì)造成點(diǎn)燈回路中的電流過小而無法滿足燈絲繼電器JZXC-H18（工作電流100mA）等型號(hào)的工作要求，所以供電電路一般會(huì)采用低壓供電方式，即將信號(hào)點(diǎn)燈電源由交流220V降為110V向點(diǎn)燈變壓器供電。XSLE型LED信號(hào)機(jī)與色燈信號(hào)機(jī)的點(diǎn)燈電路的結(jié)構(gòu)相同，在室內(nèi)設(shè)一個(gè)具有隔離、監(jiān)測和電壓調(diào)整功能的隔離調(diào)壓報(bào)警單元GTB，將信號(hào)點(diǎn)燈電源電壓降到110V左右輸出，結(jié)合室外BXZ40型LED信號(hào)光源專用點(diǎn)燈單元，使點(diǎn)燈回路中的額定工作電流滿足JZXC-H18等型號(hào)的燈絲繼電器的工作電流要求。另外，LED是電流型電子器件，通過檢測電流可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對點(diǎn)燈電路的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督及故障報(bào)警。色燈信號(hào)機(jī)composedofandotarrayofLEDsandananti-interferencethreshold,andtheLEDsareconnectedinseriesandparallel,witheachseriesbranchconsistingofanumberofLEDsplusacurrentlimitingresistance.Severalseriesbranchesareconnectedinparalleltoformalight-emittingLEDarray.Theanti-interferencethresholdisthecablelinevoltageAC60V,whenthevoltageonthecablelinefallsbelowthethreshold,thethresholdisclosedandthelightsourceisextinguished.Theoutdoorlightingunitisdividedintotwomodels,BXZ2-40forupto5KmandBXZ-40for5-15Km.TheindoorisolatedvoltageregulatingalarmunitGTBhasanisolatedvoltageregulatingtransformer,adetectionandalarmcircuitmadeupofamicrocontroller,withisolation,voltageregulation,anti-interferencethresholdfunctiontest,faultdetection，alarmfunctionsandsoon.Thecentralizedmonitoringandalarmingcombinesthefunctionsofmonitoringandrecording，andalarming,withtheinformationofalldecentralizedisolatedregulatoralarmunitsbeingcentralizedthroughtheLCDdisplayviathe485serialport,sothatmaintenancepersonnelcanunderstandtherelevantinformationandcarryoutrelevantoperations.BecauseLEDtubesarelow-energy,low-consumption,high-efficiencylight-emittingdevices,undertheconditionthattherelevantopticalindicatorsaremet,theinputpoweroftheXSLE-typeLEDsignallightsourceisonly8W,plusthelightingunitandotherauxiliarydevices,thetotalpowerconsumptionoftheoutdoorlightingisonlyabout13W.Color-lightSignalIfAC220Visuseddirectlytosupplythelightingcircuit,thecurrentinthelightingcircuitwillbetoolimitedtomeettheworkingrequirementsofthefilamentrelayJZXC-H18(workingcurrentis100mA)andothermodels,sothepowersupplycircuitwillgeneral