PAGEPAGE9專題2冠詞框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖不定冠詞的核心考點(diǎn)1.表示數(shù)量“一”，相當(dāng)于“one”。I’llreturninadayortwo.2.表示“同一”，相當(dāng)于“thesame”。Thechildrenareofanage.3.表示泛指或類指，指人或事物的某一個(gè)或某一類。Hewantstobeadoctor.Adogisafaithfulanimal.4.用于首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。YesterdayIboughtanovel.Itcostme30yuan.5.用于某一些表示重量、長度、時(shí)間等的單位前，表示“每一”。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.6.用于專出名詞前表示類似的一個(gè)或某一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于“acertain”。AMrLiisaskingtoseeyou.7.與某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞連用，表示“一種/一類/一份/一場/一陣/……”。Therewasaheavyrainyesterday.Hegaveusabigsurprise.8.用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一，再一”。Hewantedtotryasecondtime.9.表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、三餐的名詞前有修飾語時(shí)，前面可用不定冠詞。Wehaveawarmwinterthisyear.ThiseveningIhadabigsupper.10.用在某些固定詞組中。haveaswim allofasuddenonceinawhile asaresult(of)inahurry asawholeatatime定冠詞的核心考點(diǎn)1.用于上文提到過的人或事物前。Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.2.用于說話人與聽話人都知道的人或事物前。Closethewindow，please.3.用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前，如：thesun。4.用于表示方位的名詞之前，如：intheeast。5.用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)之前，如：thefirst，themostinteresting。6.用于“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”中，表示“越……越……”。Themore，thebetter.7.用于表示兩者相比“較……的那個(gè)人或物”的比較級(jí)形式前。Ofthetwostudents，Maryisthecleverer.8.用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化，表示一類人，如：theold，thepoor，thedead。9.用于由一般名詞構(gòu)成的專出名詞(如國名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、建筑物、報(bào)紙、會(huì)議、條約等的名稱)之前，如：theGreatWall，theUnitedStates等。10.用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島等名詞之前，如：theWestLake。11.用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”，如：theWhites。12.用于作為課程或演奏等的西洋樂器名詞前，如：playthepiano，playtheviolin。13.用于表示度量單位的名詞前，如：bytheday。14.用于年頭、朝代、時(shí)代名詞前，如：inthe1970s。15.用于某些固定詞組中，如：allthetime，attheageof，intheend，bytheway，intheformof等。零冠詞的狀況1.不含一般名詞的專出名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞，如：China，America。2.可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞全部格等限制時(shí)，不加冠詞。Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.3.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞，如：inMarch，onSunday，havesupper。4.稱呼語前不加冠詞。WhatshallIdonext，Mother?5.表示獨(dú)一無二的頭銜、職務(wù)名詞作表語、同位語或補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，一般不加冠詞。6.學(xué)科名稱、球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。7.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時(shí)，其前不加冠詞。8.在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。9.連系動(dòng)詞turn后的表語單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。Theyoungworkerhasturnedwriter.10.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)須倒裝，though可以倒裝也可以不倒裝，其表語(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)置于句首時(shí)不加冠詞。Childasheis，heknowsalot.11.某些固定詞組中不加冠詞，如：husbandandwife，arminarm。留意下列詞組的區(qū)分：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(gotoschool去上學(xué),gototheschool到學(xué)校去不肯定是去上學(xué)))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(goto/beatchurch去做禮拜/在做禮拜,goto/beatthechurch去/在教堂不肯定是做禮拜))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(gotobed就寢，上床睡覺,gotothebed向床走去，走到床前不肯定是去睡覺))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(gotosea出海是海員,gotothesea去海邊不肯定是海員))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(beinhospital在住院,beinthehospital在醫(yī)院里不肯定是病人))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(beinprison在坐牢,beintheprison在監(jiān)獄不肯定是犯人))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(infrontof在……外部的前面,inthefrontof在……內(nèi)部的前面))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sitattable吃飯,sitatthetable坐在桌旁不肯定是吃飯))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(byday在白天,bytheday按天計(jì)算))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(takeplace發(fā)生,taketheplaceof代替))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inpossessionofsth.擁有某物,inthepossessionofsb.為某人所擁有))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(insightof能望見，看得見,inthesightof在……看來；從……觀點(diǎn)來看))由于受到漢語的干擾，冠詞錯(cuò)用或遺漏是我們中國學(xué)生在寫作中常見的錯(cuò)誤類型之一。存在的誤區(qū)有以下幾種：1.對(duì)抽象名詞詳細(xì)化的應(yīng)用推斷失誤(誤)TheChristmaseveningpartywassuccess.(正)TheChristmaseveningpartywasa

success.2.冠詞在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的誤用eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(誤MrsTaylorhasaneight-year-olddaughterwho,hasthegiftforpainting—shehaswontwonationalprizes.,正MrsTaylorhasaneight-year-olddaughterwho,hasagiftforpainting—shehaswontwonationalprizes.))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(誤Ourteacheriskindtousandheoftenhaswordswithus.,正Ourteacheriskindtousandheoftenhasawordwithus.))3.冠詞表示類別和不用冠詞時(shí)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(誤)InmanyplacesofChina，abicycleisstillthepopularmeansoftransportation.(正)InmanyplacesofChina，thebicycleisstillapopularmeansoftransportation.考向1表特指的定冠詞和表泛指的不定冠詞Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthe

past25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析句意為：玉米產(chǎn)量在過去的25年里增長了近125%，而大米只增長了7%。此處特指在過去的25年里，故填the。2.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析此處特指“地鐵的頂部”，故用定冠詞the。3.Instead，sheisearning￡6,500adayasamodelinNewYork.(2024·全國Ⅲ)解析句意為：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特每天收入6500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。4.ForPahlsson，itsreturnwasawonder.(2024·浙江)解析awonder一個(gè)奇跡。5.Heownedafarm，whichlookedalmostabandoned.(2015·廣東)解析句意為：他擁有一個(gè)農(nóng)場，這個(gè)農(nóng)場看起來都快廢棄了。a是不定冠詞，泛指“一個(gè)……”，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttoeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))countrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析句意為：去年寒假期間，我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下探望爺爺奶奶。gotothecountryside去鄉(xiāng)下，是固定搭配。2.Aseq\f(the,a)kid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析這里表示“作為一個(gè)孩子”，是泛指而非特指。故把the改為a。3.Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemabouteq\f(a,an/one)hourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析hour是以元音音素開頭的單詞，前面要用不定冠詞an。表示“一個(gè)小時(shí)”可以用anhour也可以用onehour。4.Butinthatcase，wewilllearnlittleabouteq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))world.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析此處特指我們所生活的這個(gè)世界。5.IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedineq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))kitchen.(2024·四川)解析此處特指“我們”家的廚房。6.NowIamlivinginacity，butImissmyhomeineq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))countryside.Theretheairiscleanandthemountainsaregreen.(2015·全國Ⅰ)解析inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)村，特指“我”的家所處的鄉(xiāng)下。7.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)解析此處為復(fù)數(shù)名詞泛指一類事物，不加冠詞。故刪除the?？枷?固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的冠詞Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Unexpectedly，I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingatthe

topofherlungs.(2024·全國Ⅲ)解析固定短語atthetopofone’slungs，意為“用完量大的聲音，放聲大叫”。2.Asaresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析asaresult結(jié)果，是固定搭配。3.Onmyrecentvisit，Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwin...Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed，theotheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析由上文中的關(guān)鍵詞twin，one可知這里考查one...theother...(一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……)的用法。故答案為the。4.Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforawhile，exercising，ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析讓你的身體和思想休息一會(huì)兒。固定表達(dá)forawhile一會(huì)兒。5.Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015·全國Ⅱ)解析空格之后為形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，故填定冠詞。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Atthefirst，IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.(2024·全國Ⅲ)解析atfirst起初，首先，為固定短語。2.Everytimehearrivedhomeateq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))endoftheday，we’dgreethimatthedoor.(2024·浙江)解析attheendof在……結(jié)束時(shí)，為固定搭配。3.Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversineq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))hurryinthemorning.(2015·浙江)解析inahurry匆忙忙忙，為固定短語。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Thereisaconstantbeatinrapsongs.Thebeataccountsforthepopularityofrapmusicinclubs.2.Lastweekend，IwastravellinghomefromBangalore.Therewasadistinctlackofbuses，soIthoughtIwouldescapethecrowdandgoforrefreshment.Idecidedtogotoahotelnearthebusstand.3.TheInternationalRedCross/RedCrescentexiststohelpthevictimsofconflictsanddisastersregardlessoftheirnationality.Thesymboloftheorganizationwasoriginallyjusttheredcross.4.Therearelotsofexperiencesinourlives.Themostunforgettableoneformeisthespeechcompetitionwhichwasheldlastyear.5.Wehaveopenedupaclothingshopcalled“GiftsofGrace”andadvertisedfreeclothingforanyonewhohastheneed.6.GuinnessWorldRecordseditorGraigGlendaysays，“Thisisanextraordinaryworld-recordattemptthatshowsbothspiritualdedicationandtruepassion.”7.Onedayinparticular，afinelydressedgentlemanstoodoutsidetherichman’sdoorandsaid，“You’vegivenmeasecondchanceatlife.Withyourgenerousgift，Iwasabletoinvestthemoneyandpullmyselfoutofpoverty.”8.Youshouldalsobepreparedtomakechangesinthedietandgetaccustomedtothelocalfoodsandthelimitedselectionoffamiliarfoodsinthestoresandrestaurants.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Finally，therewasasuddenpullatthepoleandeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))fishwascaught.2.Theteacherwasangrybecausewehadeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))sameanswersinthetest.3.I’lltakethischancetowishyoueq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))wonderfultimeonyourbirthday.4.Mymotherisverykindandisfriendlytoeverybody.SowhenIhaveeq\f(the,a)problemIwillturntoherforhelp.5.IstillrememberwhenIwaseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))child，youalwaysheldmeinyourarmsandtoldmestoriestillIfellasleep.6.InthecarparkthereGinanearlygotknockedoveraseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))cardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.7.Itissucheq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))wonderfulfilmthatweallenjoyit.8.Therefore，ItoldtheminterestingstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.Asaresult，nobodykneweq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))truth.Istillthinkthatitwastherightthingtodo.9.Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydon’thaveenoughwater.Todealwitheq\f(a,the/this/that)problem，Ithink，weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesbecausetreeswillhelpsavewater.10.When，however，onMonday，January16，ascience