全國英語等級考試五級(PETS5)歷年真題三

根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-31題(江南博哥)

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

31［填空題］查看材料

參考解析：

idea

【精析】上文有提示somefamiliarideasoftencropup,所以此

空應(yīng)填idea:

參考譯文

在眾多書籍中，如文章，笑話，浪漫喜劇，自助手冊及其他作品都談

論到了婚姻，一些相似的觀點常常出現(xiàn)。很少會有比老夫妻看起來很

像這個觀點出現(xiàn)還頻繁的。你很可能看過這種現(xiàn)象：兩個老人手拉手

走在街上或坐在咖啡館里，看起來像兄妹那樣相像。這些夫妻真的很

像嗎?如果是這樣，是什么使他們變得相像？

在2006年3月發(fā)表的關(guān)于《個性與個體差異》的課題研究上給出了

答案。參與調(diào)查的22人被按照男女進行了平均分配。他們被要求判

斷i60對已婚夫妻的長相，個性和年齡。在不告知誰和誰是夫妻的情

況下，參與者分別觀看男女的照片。這些受試者一貫根據(jù)長相和個性

判斷他們是否為夫妻。調(diào)查者也發(fā)現(xiàn)夫妻一起生活的時間越長就越相

像。

這個結(jié)果本身并不讓人驚訝，但這項研究也為夫妻為何相像提供了一

些答案。剛開始，生活經(jīng)歷最終可能會反映在身體上。開心和經(jīng)常微

笑的人因為笑容的關(guān)系會改變他的面部肌肉和皺紋。一對老夫妻的多

年生活經(jīng)歷，無論開心與否，都會在他們臉上反映出來。

基因的影響是另一因素。過去的一項研究表明基因相似的人擁有更美

滿的婚姻。這些家庭也更少出現(xiàn)虐待兒童的現(xiàn)象，離婚率也更低。當(dāng)

與有相似基因的伴侶在一起時，人們也會變得更加無私。

32［填空題］

參考解析：

resembling

【精析】文章欲要表達很相像的意思，所以應(yīng)填resemble,根據(jù)前

后一致原則應(yīng)變?yōu)?/p>

resembling0

33［填空題］

參考解析：

so

【精析】聯(lián)系下文可知道表達"如果這樣”的意思，所以填S。。

34［填空題］

參考解析：

answer

【精析】《個性與個體差異》的課題研究給出了答案易填出

answer0

35［填空題］

參考解析：

between

【精析】此處是表示"在…中"，是between…and的固定結(jié)構(gòu)。

36［填空題］

參考解析：

participated

【精析】participatein表示參與調(diào)查研究的意思，調(diào)查研究發(fā)生在

以前，所以填過去時。

37［填空題］

參考解析：

not

【精析】參與者是在不被告訴誰與誰結(jié)婚的情況下看的照片，故填

noto

38［填空題］

參考解析：

whom

【精析】意思是誰與誰結(jié)婚，又為介詞接賓語，故填

towhomo

39［填空題］

參考解析：

as

【精析】本句意為根據(jù)個性和長相判斷所以填as,as有依照之意。

40［填空題］

參考解析：

in

【精析】固定短語意為"在…方面相似"，故填

besimilarinin0

41［填空題］

參考解析：

more

【精析】一起生活越久就會越相似，根據(jù)longer可知需要填比較級

moreo

42［填空題］

參考解析：

in

【精析】表示"以其本身而言,本質(zhì)上"的意思,故填

initselfin0

43［填空題］

參考解析：

why

【精析】聯(lián)系上下文以得出這里是說"研究也為夫妻為何相像提供了

一些答案"，表示為何，這里只能用

why0

44［填空題］

參考解析：

being

【精析】表被動應(yīng)填而故填

be,endupdoing,being0

45［填空題］

參考解析：

who

【精析】定語從句。先行詞為someone,故填wh。。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答46-46題

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

46［填空題］查看材料

參考解析：

or

［精析］happyornot,表無論開心與否。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答47-47題

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

47［填空題］查看材料

參考解析：

faces

【精析】由上文developthefacialmuscles可得出答案為face,

又因為此空前面的所以這里要用復(fù)數(shù)

their,faces0

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答48-48題

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

48［填空題］查看材料

參考解析：

another

【精析】聯(lián)系上文可知lifeexperiences是一個因素，那么基因的影

響是另一個因素，故填another。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答49-49題

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

49［填空題］查看材料

參考解析：

fewer

【精析】本句意為基因相近的人結(jié)婚會較少發(fā)生虐待兒童的現(xiàn)象，由

lower可知應(yīng)填比較級，故填fewer。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答50-50題

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

50［填空題］查看材料

參考解析：

when

【精析】本句意思為當(dāng)與有相似基因的伴侶在一塊時，故填

when0

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答51-51題

66.

SocratestellsthestoryofThales,whowasbysomeaccountsthefirst

philosopher.Hewaslookingsointentlyatthestarsthathefellintoawell.

SomewittyThracianservantgirlissaidtohavemadeajokeatThales'

expense-thatinhiseagernesstoknowwhatwentonintheskyhewas

unawareofthethingsinfrontofhimandathisfeet.Socratesadds,in

SethBenardete'stransla-tion,"Thesamejestsufficesforallthosewho

engageinphilosophy."

Whatisaphilosopher,then?Theanswerisclear:alaughingstock,an

absent-mindedbuf-foon,thebuttofcountlessjokesfromAristophanes'

"TheClouds"toMelBrooks'"HistoryoftheWorld",.Wheneverthe

philosopheriscompelledtotalkaboutthethingsathisfeet,hegivesnot

onlytheThraciangirlbuttherestofthecrowdabellylaugh.

67.

ButasalwayswithPlato,thingsarenotnecessarilyastheyfirstappear,

andSocratesisthegreatestofironists.First,weshouldrecallthatThales

believedthatwaterwastheuniversalsub-stanceoutofwhichallthings

werecomposed.WaterwasThales'philosophers'stone,asitwere.

Therefore,byfallingintoawell,heinadvertentlypresseshisbasic

philosophicalclaim.

ButthereisadeeperandmoretroublinglayerofironyherethatIwould

liketopeeloffmoreslowly.Socratesintroducesthe"digression"by

makingadistinctionbetweenthephilosopherandthelawyer,orwhat

Benardetenicelyrendersasthe"pettifogger".

68.

Bycontrast,wemightsay,thephilosopheristhepersonwhohastimeor

whotakestime.

Theodorus,Socrates'interlocutor,introducesthe"digression"withthe

words,"Aren'tweatleis-ure,Socrates?"Thelatter'sresponseis

interesting.Hesays,"Itappearsweare."Asweknow,inphilosophy

aooearancescanbedeceotive.

69.

Pushingthisalittlefurther,wemightsaythattophilosophizeistotake

yourtime,evenWhenyouhavenotime,whentimeisconstantly

pressingatyourback.ThebusyreadersofTheNewYorkTimeswill

understandthissentiment.

70.

Socratessaysthatthoseintheconstantpressofbusiness,likelawyers,

policy-makers,mort-gagebrokersandhedgefundmanagers,become

"bentandstunted"andtheyarecompelled"todocrookedthings".The

pettifoggerisundoubtedlysuccessful,wealthyandextraordinarily

honey-tongued,but,Socratesadds,"smallinhissoulandshrewdanda

shyster."Thephilosopher,bycontrast,isfreebyvirtueofhisorher

other-worldliness,bytheircapacitytofallintowellsandap-pearsilly.

A.Thephilosopher'sclumsinessinworldlyaffairsmakeshimappear

stupid,or,"givestheim-pressionofplainsilliness."Weareleftwitha

ratherMontyPythonesquedefinitionofthephilosopher:theonewhois

silly.

B.Thelawyeriscompelledtopresentacaseincourtandtimeisofthe

essence.InGreeklegalproceedings,astrictlylimitedamountoftime

wasallottedforthepresentationofcases.Timewasmeasuredwitha

waterclockorclepsydra,whichliterallystealstime,asintheGreek

kleptes,athieforembezzler.Thepettifogger,thejury,andbyimplication

thewholesocie-ty,livewiththeconstantpressureoftime.Thewaterof

time'sflowisconstantlythreateningtodrownthem.

C.Butthebasiccontrasthereisthatbetweenthelawyer,whohasno

time,orforwhomtimeismoney,andthephilosopher,whotakestime.

Thefreedomofthephilosopherconsistsinei-thermovingfreelyfrom

topictotopicorsimplyspendingyearsreturningtothesametopicoutof

perplexity,fascinationandcuriosity.

D.ltisourhopethatsomeofthemwillmakethetimetoreadTheStone.

AsWittgensteinsays,"Thisishowphilosophersshouldsaluteeachother:

'Takeyourtime.1"

E.Socratesbelievesthatthephilosopherneitherseesnorhearsthe

so-calledunwrittenlawsofthecity,thatis,themoresandconventions

thatgovernpubliclife.Thephilosopherwilldis-regardthesocietalrifles

giventoaperson.

F.AsAlfredNorthWhiteheadsaid,philosophyisaseriesoffootnotesto

Plato.LetmeriskaddingafootnotebylookingatPlato'sprovocative

definitionofthephilosopherthatappearsinthemiddleofhisdialogue,

"Theaetetus,"inapassagethatsomescholarsconsidera"di-gression".

Butfarfrombeingafootnotetoadigression,Ithinkinthismoment

Platotellsussomethinghugelyimportantaboutwhataphilosopheris

andwhatphilosophydoes.

51［單選題］查看材料

A

B

C

D

E

F

正確答案：F

參考解析：

F【精析】第一段中

“Thereareasmanydefinitionsofphilosophyastherearephi

losophers--perhapsthereareevenmore.",闡述了“哲學(xué)因

哲學(xué)家而被賦予了更多的定義"，在結(jié)尾提出"Whatisaphi—

losopher?H,哲學(xué)是什么的問題，接下來的一段是先介紹哲學(xué)，然

后再一步步的過渡到哲學(xué)家，故選

Fe

就像有很多哲學(xué)家一樣哲學(xué)的定義也有很多——或許比哲學(xué)家更多。

即使在長達三千年之久的哲學(xué)活動和分歧之后，我們看待問題仍然會

存在差異。對于不可知論，在這里我不發(fā)表看法，以免引起爭議。在

新爭論之前，我想通過一個別樣的問題來開始我的話題：哲學(xué)家是什

么？

正如艾爾弗雷德?諾思?情特黑

德所說，對柏拉圖來說哲學(xué)是

66.一系列的腳本。讓我不妨通過

柏拉圖對哲學(xué)家的富有挑釁

意味

的定義這個方式來加注一個

腳注。這個定義出現(xiàn)在他的一

篇被

眾多學(xué)者稱之為“題外話”的

"泰阿泰德篇”文章的對話中。

但這

遠不是一個題外話腳注，個人

認為這個時候，柏拉圖是想告

訴我

們一些關(guān)于什么是哲學(xué)家以

及哲學(xué)用來干什么的重要的

問題。

蘇格拉底講述了被稱之為第一個哲學(xué)家的泰勒斯的故事。他如此專心

地看著星星，以致失足掉到了井里。據(jù)說一些詼諧的色雷斯女仆拿泰

利斯開了一個玩笑——在他渴望知道天空中發(fā)生了什么時，他卻不知

道在他的面前和腳下發(fā)生的事情。在塞特?博納德特的譯著中，蘇格

拉底補充說道，"同樣的笑話就足夠那些從事哲學(xué)的人研究的了。"

那么到底什么是哲學(xué)家呢?答案是明確的：一個笑料，一個心不在焉

的小丑，從阿里斯托芬的"云"到梅爾?布魯克斯的“世界歷史"的

無數(shù)笑柄。當(dāng)哲學(xué)家不得不談?wù)撍_下的事物時，他會讓其余的觀眾

連同色雷斯女仆一起捧腹大笑。

哲學(xué)家在世俗事上的笨拙表

67.現(xiàn)讓他顯得愚蠢，或者"給人

頭腦

簡單的印象”。蒙蒂-皮桑尼斯

科留給我們的哲學(xué)定義是：愚

蠢0

但是就如柏拉圖通常所說的，事物往往并非像他們第一次出現(xiàn)的那樣,

蘇格拉底是最犀利的諷刺家。首先，我們應(yīng)該記得，泰勒斯認為水是

宇宙萬物的源泉。水是泰勒斯步入哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域的點金石。因此掉到井里

讓他不經(jīng)意間得出了基本哲學(xué)主張。

但是關(guān)于這里更深層的、更令人不安的諷刺，我想娓娓道來。蘇格拉

底通過區(qū)分哲學(xué)家和律師引入了"題外話"，而Benardete則適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

提出了"訟棍”的概念。.

律師要求在法庭上陳述案情，

時間是至關(guān)重要的。在希臘的

68.法

律程序中，案件的呈現(xiàn)是嚴格

限于一定時間之內(nèi)的。衡量時

間

的是一個水鐘或者漏壺，字面

意思就是搶斷時間，在希臘語

中，

是小偷或者貪污犯的意思。訟

棍，陪審團還有社會上的其他

人

都間接生活在時間的恒定壓

力中。時間流動的水一直威脅

著他

們，要把他們淹死。

相反的，我們可能會說，哲學(xué)家是那些有時間或者說消磨時間的人。

蘇格拉底的對話者——西奧多勒斯通過一句話引入了"題外話"，他

說〃蘇格拉底，難道我們不清閑嗎?”蘇格拉底的反應(yīng)很有趣。他說,

”表面上看起來是那樣的「我們知道，哲學(xué)具有欺騙性。

但這里的是律師和哲學(xué)家的

69.基本對比。對于律師來說，他

們要

么沒有時間，要么時間就是金

錢。對哲學(xué)家來說，他們消耗

時

間。哲學(xué)家的自由，包括在不

同主題上的自由轉(zhuǎn)換，或者出

于

困惑，入迷和好奇，在同一問

題上糾纏。

更進一步，我們可能會說，理性思考浪費時間，即使你沒有時間，或

時間追著你跑，卻還是要思考。繁忙的《紐約時報》的讀者們能理解

這種情緒。

我們希望一些人花時間去閱

70.讀《石頭》。正如維特根斯坦

所說，

…花費時間’就是哲學(xué)家之間

應(yīng)該有的互相尊重的方式”。

蘇格拉底說，那些不變的行業(yè)，如律師、決策者、抵押貸款經(jīng)紀(jì)人和

對沖基金經(jīng)理，他們變得扭曲和局限了。毫無疑問，他們所做的不正

當(dāng)?shù)氖虑樽詈笞屗麄冏兊贸晒?、富有、能說會道。但是，蘇格拉底還

說，"他們是心胸狹隘、精于算計的卑鄙奸詐之徒。"相比之下，哲

學(xué)家因為他們自己內(nèi)心的理想世界，他們因思考問題而落入井中的能

力以及他們的大智若愚，而讓他們更加自由。

52［單選題］

A

B

C

D

E

F

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】上一段說到“Whatisaphilosopher,

then?Theanswerisclear:alaughingstock.”,哲學(xué)家會讓觀

眾捧腹大笑，下面一段則是通過這種看似愚蠢的行為再次定義"哲學(xué)

家”這個概念，故選

Ao

53［單選題］

A

B

C

D

E

F

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B【精析】上一段中有"Socratesingoducesthe'digression'

bymakingadistinctionbetweenthephilosopherandthelawy

er,orwhatBenar—detenicelyrendersasthe'pettifogger1",

簡單的引入蘇格拉底區(qū)分律師與哲學(xué)家的區(qū)別，這一段開始詳細描述,

故選B。

54［單選題］

A

B

C

D

E

F

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C【精析】上一段結(jié)尾"Asweknow,

inphilosophyappearancesCanbedeceptive,在哲學(xué)上表象

往往具有欺騙性，這一段繼續(xù)討論蘇格拉底提出的問題，但是是從另

外一個角度，根據(jù)"But"一詞判斷，故選C。

55［單選題］

A

B

C

D

E

F

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D【精析】上一段提出"Pushingthisalittlefurther,

wemightsaythattophilosophizeistotakeyourtime,

evenwhenyouhavenotime,

whentimeisconstantlypressingatyourback.",關(guān)于時間的

話題，在結(jié)尾又說道

“ThebusyreadersofTheNewYorkTimeswillunder-standt

hissentiment關(guān)于讀者的問題，本段承接了上一段，借維特

根斯坦的話提出希望，故選

De

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答56-65題

?adultsputtoo71.72.

muchemphasis

onchildren's

intellectual

development?

?itiswrongto73.________

believethat

simple—minded

peopletendto

behappier?

?intelligenceand74.________

unhappinessare

notinevitably

linked?

?puttingtoo75.________

mucheffortinto

developing

children's

stronger

faculties

mayhave

adverseeffect

ontheirall一

around

development?

?achildwho76.________

doesnot

developsocially

aswellas

intellectually

may

havefewer

opportunitiesfor

moreprogress?

?apersonwhois77.________

notsadmaynot

necessarilybe

happy?

?intelligence78.________

cannotbringyou

happinessifitis

usedasthe

yardstick

ofyourvalue?

?fewsuper79.________

intelligent

peoplereachthe

topofthe

businessor

social

ladder?

?simple-minded80._________

peopleare

happierbecause

theyaremore

likelyto

ac—cepttheir

environment?

A

Surelyyouhaveoftenheard(andmaybeevensaidyourself)thingslike

"it'smy/yourbrainsthatmakeme/youunhappy","simple,uneducated

peoplearethehappiest","IwishIwasamo-ronlikeeveryoneelseand

didn'tthinksomuch-1wouldbemuchhappier",andmanymorevaria-

tions.

Alotofpeople,bothintelligentandunintelligent,reallyseemtobelieve

that.Whichissad,because,well,theyarewrong.

Intelligenceandawarenesscanbringyouasenseofrightandwrong.

Thatsensemaycauseyoutonoticemanyinjusticesintheworldthatyou

wouldn'thaveseenotherwise.Andthatcansurelybringyoupain.Butit

canalsohelpyoutonoticegoodthingsthatyouwouldn'thaveseen

withoutthatawareness.Also,withit,maybeyoucannowmakea

difference.

Still,manypeopledobelievethat"thelesstheysee/know/think,the

bettertheyare".Butisitso?Arethosestupid,ignorant,blindpeople

reallyhappy?Haveyoulookedatthem?

Theyusuallyaren't,really.Happinessisnottheabsenceofsadness,

happinessisjoy.Happi-nessisnottheabsenceofpain,itispleasure.

Happiness,asaconcept,isnotdefinedbywhatitisn't,butbywhatitis.

B

Educationsystemsincountrieswhoseprimaryinterestisinwealth

accumulationencouragehe-roesinmovies,warandsports,butnotin

intellectualdevelopment.Superintelligentpeopleman-age,butfew

reachthetopofthebusinessorsocialladder.

Childrendevelopalongfourstreams:intellectual,physical,emotional

andsocial.Inclassro-orris,thesmartestkidstendtobeleftoutofmore

activitiesbyotherchildren.Theyare"odd",theyarethegeeks,theyare

socialoutsiders.Inotherwords,theydonotdevelopsociallyaswellas

theymaydevelopintellectuallyorevenphysicallywhereopportunities

mayexistformoreprogress.Adultstendtobelievethatintelligentkids

candealwithanythingbecausetheyareintellectuallysuperior.This

inevitablyincludessituationswheretheintelligentkidshaveneither

knowledgenorskillstosupporttheirexperience.Theygothroughthe

toughtimesalone.Adultsdon'tunderstandthattheyneedhelp.

Westernsocietyprovidestheidealincubatorforsocialmisfitsandthose

withemotionalcopingproblems.Whenitcomestohappiness,intelligent

peoplewhoaresociallyineptandwhohavetrou-ble,coping

emotionallywiththeurgentneedsoflifewouldnotbeamongthoseyou

shouldexpecttobehappy.

C

Happinesshasnothingtodowithintelligencewhenintelligenceisused

asapointofreferenceforself.Inotherwords,ifintelligenceis

somethingbywhichyouvalueormeasureyourworth,thiswillnotbring

youhappiness.

Happinessisaresultofacceptance.Thosewhooperatewithgreater

mentalconstraints,forwhateverreason,sometimesseemtohavean

easiertimeacceptingtheircircumstances,theirenvi-ronment,and

themselves,becausetheyarenotgiventolong-windedinnerdialoguing

andmentaljourneysintothevariousnuancesoftheirperceived?eality.

Andsoaso-calledsimple-mindedper-soncanshrughi