專題13閱讀理解說(shuō)明文+議論文

01.（2023春?江蘇鹽城?高二鹽城市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）

Everbeenhungryenoughtoeatahouse?Now,youactuallycould.

FoodwasteisabigprobleminJapanandglobally.Japanproducedaround5.7milliontonsoffoodwastein

2019.Thegovernmentplanstoreducethatbyaround2.7milliontonsby2030.TokyoUniversityresearchersKota

MachidaandYuyaSakaihavedevelopedawaytotransformfoodwasteintocement（水泥）forconstructionuse

andmore.Thisisthefirst-everprocesscreatedformakingcemententirelyfromfoodwaste.Theresearcherssay

theirproductisfourtimesasstrongastraditionalconcrete.Thisparticularcementcanbeusedtomakethingslike

teacupsorchairsaswell.However,there?soneadditionalfeature——ifsalsoeatable.

KotaandYuyaaretheintelligencebehindtheformationofFabulaInc.,acompanywithpurposesofreducing

foodwaste,andhelpingfightglobalwarming.Asexpected,somethingthisuniquetookyearstodevelop.Ittooka

fewattemptstofindjusttherightprocess.KotaandYuyacreatedtheuniquetechnologywhileresearchingpossible

environment-friendlymaterialstoreplacecement-basedconcrete.Cementproductionaccountsfor8%ofthe

world'scarbondioxiderelease.

Afterafewfailures,theyrealizedtheycouldgetthecementtobind（黏合）byadjustingthetemperatures.

“Themostchallengingpartwasthateachtypeoffoodwasterequiresdifferenttemperatures,9,Yuyasaid.Sothe

researchershadtoobservethemandrespondintime.Intheexperiments,KotaandYuyahavesuccessfullymade

cementusingtealeaves,coffeegrounds,cabbageandevenlunchboxleftovers.

FabulaInc.iscurrentlyworkingtomaketeacupsandfurniture,butYuyaisthinkingalittlebitbigger.Their

productcouldprovidereliefintheformofeatableemergencysheltersindisasterones."Forexample,iffood

cannotbedeliveredtothepeople,theycouldeatmakeshiftbedsmadeoutoffoodcement,9,hesaid.Toeatthe

material,apersonneedstobreakitapartandboilit.

1.Whafsmainlytalkedaboutinparagraph1and2?

A.Thefunctionsofthisparticularcement.

B.Theeffectsoffoodwasteinthewholeworld.

C.Thecharacteristicsofthenewlymadecement.

D.Theprocessoftransformingfoodwastetocement.

2.WhichisoneofKotaandYuya'spurposesinmakinguseoffoodwaste?

A.Tohandleglobalclimatechange.

B.Toextendconcrete'sservicelife.

C.ToofferFabulaInc.morecement.

D.Towarnhowseriousfoodwasteis.

3.Whatmadetheexperimentofmakingcementoutoffoodwasteharder?

A.Makingsuretomakecementtasty.

B.Selectingcorrectfoodwastetimely.

C.Gettingcementbrokenaparteasily.

D.Adjustingthetemperaturesconstantly.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"makeshift“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.bendable.B.commercial.C.recyclable.D.temporary.

【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一種用糧食垃圾制造的一種新型可以食用的水泥。

1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中"Thisisthefirst-everprocesscreatedformakingcemententirelyfromfoodwaste.

Theresearcherssaytheirproductisfourtimesasstrongastraditionalconcrete.Thisparticularcementcanbeused

tomakethingsliketeacupsorchairsaswell.However,there?soneadditionalfeature-it'salsoeatable.（這是第

一個(gè)完全從食物垃圾中制造水泥的過(guò)程。研究人員表示，他們的產(chǎn)品的強(qiáng)度是傳統(tǒng)混凝土的四倍。這種特

殊的水泥也可以用來(lái)制作茶杯或椅子之類的東西。然而，它還有一個(gè)額外的特點(diǎn)——它也是可以吃的。）”

可知，這兩段主要討論了新制水泥的特點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中"KotaandYuyaaretheintelligencebehindtheformationofFabulaInc.,acompany

withpurposesofreducingfoodwaste,andhelpingfightglobalwarming.（Kota和Yuya是Fabula公司成立背后的

智慧，這家公司的宗旨是減少食物浪費(fèi)，幫助對(duì)抗全球變暖。）”可知，Kota和Yuya利用食物垃圾是為了應(yīng)

對(duì)全球氣候變化。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中"Themostchallengingpartwasthateachtypeoffoodwasterequiresdifferent

temperatures.（最具挑戰(zhàn)性的部分是每種食物垃圾需要不同的溫度。戶可知，需要不斷調(diào)節(jié)溫度讓從食物垃圾

中制造水泥的實(shí)驗(yàn)變得更加困難。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句前文“Theirproductcouldprovidereliefintheformofeatableemergencysheltersin

disasterones.（他們的產(chǎn)品可以在災(zāi)難中以可食用的緊急避難所的形式提供救濟(jì)說(shuō)明他們的產(chǎn)品可以用作

臨時(shí)緊急避難所，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句“Forexample,iffoodcannotbedeliveredtothepeople,theycouldeat

makeshiftbedsmadeoutoffoodcement.（例如,如果食物不能送到人們手中，他們可以吃用食品水泥做成的

makeshift床。）”其中劃線詞匯意思為“臨時(shí)的，暫時(shí)的“，即：如果賑災(zāi)食品不能及時(shí)到位，被困人員可以吃

食品水泥做成的臨時(shí)床救急，故選D項(xiàng)。

02.（2023春?江蘇宿遷?高二統(tǒng)考期中）

ErinAlexander'ssister-in-lawrecentlydied,andshewashavingahardday.Abarista（咖啡師）wassadtoo

becausehismachinehadbrokendown.Erinorderedanicedgreentea,andtoldhimtocheerup.Afterpickingup

herorder,shenoticedamessageonthecup:"Erin,yoursoulisgolden”,thebaristahadalsoscrawled（畫(huà)）aheart

nexttoit.'Tmevennotsurewhat'yoursoulisgolden9means,saidErin,wholaughedandcriedwhilerecalling

theincident.Butthewarmthofthatsmallandunexpectedgesture,fromthebaristawhodidn'tknowwhatshewas

goingthrough,movedherdeeply.ctOfcourse,Iwasstillreallysad,“Erinsaid."Butthatlittlethingmadetherestof

myday.”

Newfindings,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,confirmjusthowpowerfulexperiences

likeErin'scanbe.Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoperformarandomactofkindnesstendtounderestimatehow

muchthereceiverswillappreciateit.Andtheybelieveitcouldpreventmanyofusfromdoingnicethingsfor

othersmoreoften.

Arecentstudycomprisedeightsmallexperimentsthatvariedindesignandparticipants.Inoneexperiment,

peopleweretoldtheycouldgiveacupcakeawaytostrangers,andwereaskedtoratetheirownmoodaswellas

howtheybelievedthereceiverswouldfeel.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhogotacupcakeasaresultofa

randomactofkindnessfeltbetterthanthepersononthegivingendthoughttheywould."Peopletendtothinkthat

whattheyaregivingislittle,9,Dr.Kumar,anassistantprofessorofmarketingandpsychologyattheUniversityof

Texas,Austin,said."Butreceiversconsiderthegesturetobesignificantlymoremeaningfulbecausetheyarealso

thinkingaboutthefactthatsomeonedidsomethingniceforthem.^^

Ifyouarenotalreadyinthehabitofperformingrandomkindacts-orifitdoesnotcomenaturallytoyou一

MarisaFranco,apsychologist,advisedtostartbythinkingaboutwhatyouHketodo."It'snotaboutyoubeing

liked,4Ohman,nowIhavetolearnhowtobakecookiesinordertobenice9.Ifsabout:Whatskillsandtalentsdo

youalreadyhave?Andhowcanyouturnthatintoanofferingforotherpeople?”

5.WhydoesthewritermentionErin'sexperienceinParagraph1?

A.Tointroducethetopic.

B.Toshowthepowerofkindness.

C.Topraisetherandomactsofkindness.

D.Toprovidesomebackgroundinformationonthestudy.

6.Howwasthestudycarriedout?

A.Bystatingthefacts.B.Bylistingexamples.

C.Byanalyzingstatistics.D.Bycomparingthefeelings.

7.WhatshouldpeopledoaccordingtoMarisaFranco?

A.Dowhateveryouliketodo.B.Learnhowtobakecookies.

C.Dowhatyoucantohelpothers.D.Trytogainsomenewskillsandtalents.

8.Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?

A.Wellbegunishalfdone.B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.

C.Practicekindnesshoweverlittleitis.D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.

【答案】5.A6.D7.C8.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明隨機(jī)做出善意舉動(dòng)的人往往會(huì)低估接受者的感激程

度，因此建議我們運(yùn)用自己所能去幫助他人。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butthewarmthofthatsmallandunexpectedgesture,fromthebaristawhodidn't

knowwhatshewasgoingthrough,movedherdeeply.tcOfcourse,Iwasstillreallysad,“Erinsaid."Butthatlittle

thingmadetherestofmyday.?,（,那個(gè)不知道她正在經(jīng)歷什么的咖啡師，用一個(gè)小小的、意想不到的舉

動(dòng)表達(dá)的溫暖深深地打動(dòng)了她。Erin說(shuō)：“當(dāng)然，我還是很難過(guò)。但那件小事讓我度過(guò)了余下的一天?！埃?/p>

和第二段開(kāi)頭的“Newfindings,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,confirmjusthowpowerful

experienceslikeErin'scanbe.（發(fā)表在《實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)雜志》上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)證實(shí)了像Erin這樣的經(jīng)歷有多么強(qiáng)大。）“

可知，第一段中Erin的經(jīng)歷表明了不經(jīng)意的友善的舉動(dòng)可以給接受者帶來(lái)巨大的觸動(dòng)，第二段開(kāi)始引入本

文的主體內(nèi)容：一項(xiàng)針對(duì)這種不經(jīng)意的友善的舉動(dòng)的研究。由此可知，作者在第一段中提到Erin的經(jīng)歷是

為了介紹話題。故選A項(xiàng)。

6.推理判題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inoneexperiment,peopleweretoldtheycouldgiveacupcakeawaytostrangers,and

wereaskedtoratetheirownmoodaswellashowtheybelievedthereceiverswouldfeel.Theresearchersfound

thatthosewhogotacupcakeasaresultofarandomactofkindnessfeltbetterthanthepersononthegivingend

thoughttheywould.（在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，人們被告知他們可以把一個(gè)紙杯蛋糕送給陌生人，并被要求評(píng)價(jià)自己

的情緒以及他們認(rèn)為接受者的感受。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些因?yàn)殡S機(jī)的善舉而得到紙杯蛋糕的人感覺(jué)比給予

的人想象的要好。）”可知，在該研究中，送紙杯蛋糕的人的感受、他們認(rèn)為的接受者的感受會(huì)和接受者真

實(shí)的感受被進(jìn)行比較。由此可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)比較感受進(jìn)行。故選D項(xiàng)。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中"It'sabout:Whatskillsandtalentsdoyoualreadyhave?Andhowcanyouturn

thatintoanofferingforotherpeople?（它是關(guān)于：你已經(jīng)擁有哪些技能和才能？你怎么能把它變成對(duì)別人的

奉獻(xiàn)？）“可知，MarisaFranco建議人們運(yùn)用自己已有的能力和技能去幫助他人。故選C項(xiàng)。

8.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明隨機(jī)做出善意舉動(dòng)的人往往會(huì)低估接受者的感激

程度，因此無(wú)論善意有多微小，我們都可以運(yùn)用自己所能去幫助他人。因此，C項(xiàng)“無(wú)論多么微小，都踐行

善意”符合文章主旨。故選C項(xiàng)。

03.（2023春?江蘇宿遷?高二統(tǒng)考期中）

Peoplewithdyslexia（閱讀障礙）havebrainsthataresuitableforexploringtheunknown,atraitthafsbeen

importanttothesurvivalandsuccessofhumans.Dyslexiashouldbeconsideredadifference,notadisorder,

researchersattheUniversityofCambridgesay.Thisisprovedbystudiesthatshowpeoplewithdyslexiahave

specialbrainstoexploretheunknownandthinkintermsofthebiggerpicture.

Thestrengthsofthedyslexicbraincouldhaveevolvedashumansadaptedtochangingculture.Tosurvive,we

neededtolearnskillsandacquirehabits,butwealsoneededtobecreativeandfindnewsolutionsthrough

exploration.Inthenewstudy,theresearcherssaysomepeoplespecializedintakingadvantageoflearned

information,whileothersfocusedondiscoveryandinvention.

Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewithdyslexiaarelessefficientatprocedurallearningthannon-dyslexicpeople,

saidTaylor,whostudiescognitionandhumanevolution.'"Learningtoread,writeorplaythepianoareallskillsthat

aredependentonproceduralmemory;oncelearned,theskillscanbeprocessedautomaticallyandrapidly,9,Taylor

added.

Dyslexiahaslongbeenviewedasnegative.Ithasbeencalledadevelopmentaldisorder,learningdisabilityor

learningdifficulty.Instead,thedistinctionbetweendyslexicandnon-dyslexicbrainsshouldbeframedsimplyasa

difference,saidTaylor."Weallpossessdifficultiesinareasthatareotherpeople'sstrengths.Ifsjustunfortunate

thatinthecaseofpeoplewithdyslexiatheirdifficultiesarecontinuallyhighlighted,partlyduetothenatureof

educationandalsototheimportanceofreadingandwritinginourculture.^^

Inreframingdyslexiaasadifference,societycanbenefitfrommoreinnovativesolutions.It'simportantto

emphasizethatpeoplewithdyslexiastillfacealotofdifficulties,butthedifficultiesexistbecauseofthe

environmentandanemphasisonrotelearningandreadingandwriting.Instead,wecouldnurture"explorative

learning?一learningthroughdiscovery,invention,andcreativity,whichwouldworkmoretotheirstrengths.

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Peopleshouldseedyslexiaasadisorder,notadifference.

B.Peoplewithdyslexiaarespecializedtoexploretheunknown.

C.Peoplewithoutdyslexiaareweakinusinglearnedinformation.

D.Acquiringskillsandhabitsisnecessaryforpeoplewithdyslexia.

10.WhichofthefollowingskillsisNOTdependentonproceduralmemory?

A.Recitingapoem.B.Writingasong.

C.Readinganarticle.D.Playingthepiano.

11.Whatshouldwedotoreframedyslexiaasadifference?

A.Promotelearninginanexplorativeway.

B.Valuereadingandwritinginourculture.

C.Stressrotelearning,readingandwriting.

D.Focusonthedifficultiespeoplewithdyslexiahave.

12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?

A.Dyslexia:amustforcreativity.B.Reframingdyslexia:adifficulty.

C.Peoplewithdyslexia:potentialinventors.D.Dyslexiabrains:akeytosurvive.

【答案】9.B10.A11.A12.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了研究表明患有閱讀障礙的人擅長(zhǎng)探索未知事物，我們應(yīng)將閱讀障

礙重新定義為一種差異，通過(guò)推動(dòng)探索性學(xué)習(xí)去解決這類人群的困難，發(fā)揮他們的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一、二段內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段中“Peoplewithdyslexia（閱讀障礙）havebrainsthatare

suitableforexploringtheunknown,atraitthafsbeenimportanttothesurvivalandsuccessofhumans.（患有閱讀

障礙的人的大腦適合探索未知，這一特征對(duì)人類的生存和成功非常重要）”可知，患有閱讀障礙的人擅長(zhǎng)探索

未知事物。故選B項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Taylor的話“Learningtoread,writeorplaythepianoareallskillsthatare

dependentonproceduralmemory（學(xué)習(xí)閱讀、寫(xiě)作或彈鋼琴都是依賴于程序記憶的技能）”可知，閱讀文章、寫(xiě)

歌、彈鋼琴的技能都依賴于程序記憶，背誦詩(shī)歌不依賴于程序記憶。故選A項(xiàng)。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Instead,wecouldnurture"explorativelearning9-learningthroughdiscovery,

invention,andcreativity,whichwouldworkmoretotheirstrengths』相反，我們可以培養(yǎng)“探索性學(xué)習(xí)”通過(guò)

發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)明和創(chuàng)造來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，這將更能發(fā)揮他們的優(yōu)勢(shì)）”可知，將閱讀障礙重新定義為一種差異需要我們推動(dòng)

探索性的學(xué)習(xí)，發(fā)揮患有閱讀障礙的人的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選A項(xiàng)。

12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Peoplewithdyslexia（閱讀障礙）havebrainsthataresuitableforexploringthe

unknown,atraitthat'sbeenimportanttothesurvivalandsuccessofhumans.（患有閱讀障礙的人的大腦適合探索

未知，這一特征對(duì)人類的生存和成功非常重要）”及下文介紹可知，文章主要介紹了研究表明患有閱讀障礙的

人擅長(zhǎng)探索未知事物，善于發(fā)明與創(chuàng)造，因此我們應(yīng)將閱讀障礙重新定義為一種差異。由此可知，項(xiàng)“有閱

讀障礙的人：潛在的發(fā)明家”符合文章大意。故選C項(xiàng)。

04.（2023春?江蘇揚(yáng)州?高二統(tǒng)考期中）

Nowadays,insteadofscrolling（滾屏）throughappslikeTikTokandInstagramalldayonasmartphone,many

peoplebegintouseaso-called"dumbphone“accordingtothelatestreport,andseventeen-year-oldRobinWestis

oneofthem.

Dumbphonesarebasicdevices,withverylimitedfunctionalitycomparedtoaniPhone.Typically,youcan

onlymakeandreceivecallsandtextmessages.Andifyouarelucky,youcanalsolistentotheradioandtakevery

basicphotos,butdefinitelyyoucannotconnecttotheInternetorapps.

RobinWesfsdecisiontoridhimselfoftheformersmartphonetwoyearsagowasoutofasuddenurge.4tI

didn'tnoticehowmuchasmartphonewastakingovermylifeuntilIboughtadumbphone.Ihadalotofsocial

mediaappsonit,andIdidn'tgetmuchworkdoneasIwasalwaysonmyphone.^^Hesaidthathewouldneverbuy

anothersmartphone.acIdon'tthinkmydumbphonelimitsme;I'mdefinitelymoreactive,9,headded.

Outdatedforawhilewiththeappearanceofsmartphones,dumbphonesarenowregainingpopularity.A2021

studysaidthatoneintenmobilephoneusersintheUKhadadumbphone."'Manyofusoncehadadumbphoneas

ourfirstmobilephoneandTikTokvideosremindusofthat,soifsnaturalthatwefeelasenseofnostalgia（懷舊）

towardstheseclassicmarkers,whichhaveaparttoplayindumbphones5revival（再流行）,“saidamobileexpert.

OnemakerofdumbphonesisTheLightPhone.Slightlyclevererthanthenormforsuchproducts,ithas

handsetsthatdoallowuserstolistentomusicandpodcasts,andconnectbyBluetoothtoheadphones.Yetthefirm

promisedthatitsphones“willneverhavesocialmediaclickbaitnews,emailorawebbrowser".

Lightco-fbunder,KaiweiTang,saysthat,surprisingly,thefirm'smaincustomersareagedbetween25and35.

Hesayshewasexpectingbuyerstobemucholder.Techexpert,Prof.SandraWachter,saysitisunderstandablethat

someofusarelookingforsimplermobilephones.'"Smartphonesalwayswanttograbourattentionwithupdates,

breakingnewsandthelikeconstantlydisrupting（擾舌L）ourday.”

13.WhatdoesRobinWestprobablyfailtodoonhisdumbphone?

A.Makeacalltohisfriend.

B.Haveaccesstotheradio.

C.Storephotosinthealbum.

D.Visitsocialnetworkingpages.

14.Whydomanypeoplestarttousedumbphonesaccordingtothemobileexpert?

A.Theyareveryeasytooperate.

B.Theycanimpactpeople'slife.

C.Theycomeintofashionagain.

D.Theymakepeoplerecallolddays.

15.WhafsProf.SandraWachter9sattitudetowardspeople'susingdumbphones?

A.Flexible.B.Supportive.C.Confused.D.Doubtful.

16.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Thereturnofdumbphones

B.Thepopularityofsmartphones

C.Themarketingstrategiesofphones

D.Theintensecompetitionbetweenphones

【答案】13.D14.D15.B16.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是目前越來(lái)越多的人選擇使用只有基本功能的簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)（dumb

phone）并分析了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Typically,youcanonlymakeandreceivecallsandtextmessages.Andifyou

arelucky,youcanalsolistentotheradioandtakeverybasicphotos,butdefinitelyyoucannotconnecttothe

Internetorapps.（通常情況下，你只能接打電話和發(fā)短信。如果幸運(yùn)的話，你還可以聽(tīng)收音機(jī)，拍一些基本的

照片，但絕對(duì)不能連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或應(yīng)用程序。）”可知，簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)（dumbphone）只有基本手機(jī)功能，不能連網(wǎng)，

也就不能訪問(wèn)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)頁(yè)面。故選D項(xiàng)。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的""ManyofusoncehadadumbphoneasourfirstmobilephoneandTikTok

videosremindusofthat,soit'snaturalthatwefeelasenseofnostalgia（懷舊）towardstheseclassicmarkers,

whichhaveaparttoplayindumbphones'revival（再流行）,"saidamobileexpert.（一名移動(dòng)電話專家表示：“我

們很多人的第一部手機(jī)都曾是啞手機(jī)，TikTok視頻提醒我們這一點(diǎn)，所以我們很自然地對(duì)這些經(jīng)典標(biāo)記產(chǎn)

生了懷舊感，它們?cè)趩∈謾C(jī)的復(fù)興中起到了一定作用”。廣可知，根據(jù)手機(jī)專家，人們?cè)褂眠^(guò)簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)，

現(xiàn)在對(duì)這些手機(jī)懷舊是很自然的，這也在簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)復(fù)興中起到很大的作用，由此可知，人們之所以使用簡(jiǎn)

易手機(jī)是因?yàn)檫@樣的手機(jī)讓人們想到過(guò)去。故選D項(xiàng)。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的"Techexpert,Prof.SandraWachter,saysitisunderstandablethatsomeofusare

lookingforsimplermobilephones.'"Smartphonesalwayswanttograbourattentionwithupdates,breakingnews

andthelikeconstantlydisrupting（擾亂）ourday.”（技術(shù)專家SandraWachter教授說(shuō)，我們中的一些人在尋找更

簡(jiǎn)單的手機(jī)是可以理解的。“智能手機(jī)總是想通過(guò)更新、突發(fā)新聞等來(lái)吸引我們的注意力，不斷擾亂我們的

生活。）”可知，Prof.SandraWachter認(rèn)為智能手機(jī)打擾了人們的生活，吸引了人們過(guò)多的注意力，所以

人們使用選擇使用簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)是可以理解的，由此可推斷，Prof.SandraWachter應(yīng)該是支持人們選擇使用簡(jiǎn)易

手機(jī)。故選B項(xiàng)。

16.主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段“Nowadays,insteadofscrolling（滾屏）throughappslikeTikTokandInstagramallday

onasmartphone,manypeoplebegintouseaso-called“dumbphone“accordingtothelatestreport,and

seventeen-year-oldRobinWestisoneofthem.（據(jù)最新的報(bào)告，如今，許多人不再整天在智能手機(jī)上瀏覽TikTok

和Instagram等應(yīng)用程序，而是開(kāi)始使用所謂的“簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)”，17歲的羅賓?韋斯特就是其中之一。廣可知，利

用舉例的方式導(dǎo)入本文講述的話題，最近，選擇使用簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)的人越來(lái)越多，結(jié)合第四段中的“Outdatedfdr

awhilewiththeappearanceofsmartphones,dumbphonesarenowregainingpopularity.（隨著智能手機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，

“簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)”已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在又重新流行起來(lái)。）”可知，智能手機(jī)的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)過(guò)時(shí)了一段

時(shí)間，但是簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)現(xiàn)在再次受到歡迎，同時(shí)還分析了人們選擇簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)的原因，由此可知，本文的標(biāo)題

為“簡(jiǎn)易手機(jī)回歸”符合全文的內(nèi)容、概括了文章的主題。故選A項(xiàng)。

05.（2023春?江蘇揚(yáng)州?高二統(tǒng)考期中）

Plant-basedproductshavebeenbreakingintothefoodiemainstreamintheUnitedStates,afteryearsinwhich

vegan（素食的）burgersandmilkalternativesknockedonthemarkefsdoor.Thatispartlybecausemorecompanies

aretargetingpeoplewhoseektoreducetheamountofmeattheyeat,ratherthanforswearitaltogether.

Now,asfishalternativesbegintoattractinvestmentandlandatrestaurantsintheUnitedStatesandbeyond,

peoplewhotrackthefishlessfishsectorsaythatitcouldachievesignificantgrowth.

Onereason,theysay,isthatconsumersinrichcountriesarebecomingmoreawareoftheseafoodindustry's

environmentalproblems,includingoverfishingandthehealthrisksofsomeseafood.Anotheristhattoday's

plant-basedcompaniesdoabetterjobofapproachingfishflavorthanearlieronesdid-animportantconsideration

fornon-vegetarians（非素食者）.

“Thereareanumberofpeoplealreadylookingatalternativehamburgers,9,saidJoshuaKatz,ananalystatthe

consultingfirmMcKinseywhohasstudiedthealt-protein（替代蛋白）industry.t4Youmightactuallysay,61should

workonsomethingelse/Andseafoodisstillamassivemarketwithconvincingreasonstoworkon.^^Peoplewho

reducetheirconsumptionofanimalproteinsforenvironmentalreasonsoftenstopeatingredmeat,whichrequires

enormousamountsoflandandwatertofarm.

Butalt-fishadvocatessaythatseafoodalsocomeswithenvironmentalproblems.Unsustainablefishing

practiceshavedestroyedfisheries（魚(yú)湯）inrecentdecades,aproblembothforbiodiversityandthemillionsof

peoplewhodependontheseaforincomeandfood.

“It'ssimplyasmarterwaytomakeseafood,9,saysMirteGosker,theactingmanagingdirectoroftheGood

FoodInstituteAsia-Pacific,anonprofitadvocacygroupthatpromotesalternativeproteins.t6Fullstop."

Sofarplant-basedseafoodproductsintheUnitedStatesaccountforonly0.1percentofthecountry'sseafood

sales,lessthan1.4percentoftheU.S.meatmarketoccupiedbyplant-basedmeatalternatives.Butalt-seafood

enterprisesworldwidereceivedatleast$83millionfrominvestorsin2020,comparedwith$1millionthreeyears

earlier.AsofthisJune,83companieswereproducingalt-seafoodproductsaroundtheworld,anearlythreefoldrise

since2017.Allbut18ofthose83companiesfocusonplant-basedproducts.Adozenothersaredeveloping

lab-grownseafood,whichisnotyetcommerciallyavailableinanycountry.

17.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"forswear“inparagraph1probablymean?

A.Sample.B.Consume.C.Produce.D.Abandon.

18.Whichaspectofseafooddonon-vegetariansfocuson?

A.Thehealthrisks.B.Theproteinintake.

C.Thetasteandmouthfeel.D.Theoverfishingproblem.

19.WhatisMirteGosker'stonewhenhesays"Fullstop“inparagraph6?

A.Determined.B.Concerned.C.Humorous.D.Enthusiastic.

20.Whatdothefiguresinthelastparagraphmainlyshow?

A.Seafoodcompaniesarestruggling.

B.Plant-basedmeatproductswillbeatrend.

C.Alt-seafoodproductshaveapromisingfuture.

D.Seafoodwillbecommerciallyavailablesoon.

【答案】17.D18.C19.A20.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了植物性產(chǎn)品已成為美國(guó)素食家的主流食物替代品，逐漸敲開(kāi)了市場(chǎng)

的大門(mén)。

17.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子“Thatispartlybecausemorecompaniesaretargetingpeoplewhoseekto

reducetheamountofmeattheyeat,ratherthanforswearitaltogether.（這在一定程度上是因?yàn)樵絹?lái)越多的公司

瞄準(zhǔn)了那些試圖減少肉類攝入量的人，而不是完全—肉類）”可知此處劃線單詞和前面的動(dòng)詞reduce相呼

應(yīng)，表示肉類的攝入是減少而不是“完全放棄”，因此第一段中帶下劃線的單詞的意思是“D.Abandon放棄”,

故選Do

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講至r'Anotheristhattoday'splant-basedcompaniesdoabetterjobofapproaching

fishflavorthanearlieronesdid-animportantconsiderationfornon-vegetarians俳素食者）.（另一個(gè)原因是，與

早期相比，今天的植物性公司在接近魚(yú)類風(fēng)味方面做得更好，這是非素食者要考慮的一個(gè)重因素）”可知，非

素食主義者關(guān)注海鮮的味道和口感方面。故選C。

19.推理判斷題。文章第四段講到"Peoplewhoreducetheirconsumptionofanimalproteinsforenvironmental

reasonsoftenstopeatingredmeat,whichrequiresenormousamountsoflandandwatertofarm.（由于環(huán)境原因減

少動(dòng)物蛋白消費(fèi)的人通常會(huì)停止食用紅肉，因?yàn)榧t肉需要大量的土地和水來(lái)耕種。）”以及第六段講到“I"

simplyasmarterwaytomakeseafood（這只是一種更聰明的海鮮制作方法）“可知MirteGoskei?認(rèn)為這種海鮮制

作方法是可行的，因此第六段中說(shuō)“到此為止，不必多說(shuō)”時(shí)的語(yǔ)氣是堅(jiān)定的，故選A。

20.推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到"AsofthisJune,83companieswereproducingalt-seafoodproductsaround

theworld,anearlythreefoldrisesince2017.Allbut18ofthose83companiesfocusonplant-basedproducts.（截至

今年6月，全球有83家公司生產(chǎn)另類海鮮產(chǎn)品，自2017年以來(lái)增長(zhǎng)了近三倍。在這83家公司中，除18

家外，其余都專注于植物性產(chǎn)品。戶可知，最后一段的數(shù)字主要表明了替代海鮮產(chǎn)品前景光明，故選C。

06.（2022秋?江蘇揚(yáng)州?高二揚(yáng)州大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)校考期中）

Therearesome7,000languagesspokenworldwide,eachunique,usingdifferentsounds,vocabulariesand

structures.CharlestheGreatsaid:"Tohaveasecondlanguageistohaveasecondsoul."Thisbegsthequestion:

Doesthelanguagewespeakshapewhoweare?Asitturnsout,yes.

InsocietiessuchastheUnitedStatesorWesternEurope,self-expressionandlanguageprecisionarevalued.

Asiancultures,ontheotherhand,preferanindirectformofcommunication.Wordslike"perhaps"and"maybe”are

usedmorethan"yes"or"no”.Americanismtakesaninformalapproachtocommunication.Therefore,ifsOKto

refertoastrangerorthebossas"you”.However,theThailanguagehas12formsofthesamepronoun,choosing

onedependsonstatus.Inthisway,languagesareessentialinleadinganyculture,bethatourownorotherwise.

Peoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesnoticedifferentthings,dependingontheconstructsoftheirmother

tongue.Takeanaccident.InEnglish,it'sOKtosay:"Shebroketheglass."ButinalanguagelikeSpanish,you'd

probablygowith:"Theglassbroke."Thesameincidentproducestwodifferentresponses.Englishspeakerswill

rememberwho'satfault,becausetheirlanguageasksthemto,whileSpanishspeakersaremorelikelytoremember

itwasanaccident.Thishasrealconsequences,especiallywhenitcomestocrimeandpunishment.

ProfessorJimCumminshaswrittenextensivelyonmothertongues.ForCummins,thestrongerourhome

language,theeasieritisforustolearnothers.Ofcourse,researchalsoshowsthatbeingbilingualgivespeople

manyadvantagesinlife.LinguistJulienLeyrewritesthatlearninganotherlanguagedevelopsourabilityto

4(understandthementalworldofanotherperson,basedonthelanguagetheyuse,andhowthatworldisdifferent

fromourown.^^

Ourmothertongueiscentraltohowwethink,whatweknowandwhoweare.Likeus,languagesareliving

thingsthatchangeovertimeandmustbecaredfortosurvive.Bydoingso,weprotectnotjustthelinguistic

structuresorvocabulariesweuse,buttheculture,knowledgeandpowerbehindthem.

21.Whydoestheauthormention“Americanism"and"theThailanguage^^inParagraph2?

A.Totelltheculturaldifferencesbetweenthem.

B.Toindicatealanguageisaguidetoaculture.

C.TostressAmericanexpressionsareinformal.

D.Torevealalanguageisassociatedwithstatus.

22.HowwillEnglishspeakers5reacttoanaccident?

A,Theywillseekblame.B.Theywillpunishothers.

C.Theywillavoidresponsibility.D.Theywilldrawalessonfromit.

23.WhatdoesJulienLeyrethinkaboutbilinguals?

A.Theyenjoyamorecolorfullife.B.Theycanremainmentallyhealthy.

C.Theyfinditeasiertole