BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading1Warm-up2CulturalNotes1Warm-upDoyoulikesports?Whatkindofsportsdoyouprefer?Whatroledoessportplayinpeople’slife?Canyoudescribeasportseventthatyoutookpartinorwatched?Howdidyoufeelaboutit?BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading

Workingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2CulturalNotesOrganizedandgovernedbytheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC),theOlympicGamesisthemostimportantinternationalsportseventintheworldheldeveryfouryears.1)Olympicsymbol:fiveinterlocking

____________________

and______

circlesonawhitefield—representsthecontinentsoftheworldjoinedin

_____________.2)TheOlympicmotto:_____________________________.

3)TheIOC’sheadquarters:in________

,Switzerland.

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThe

Olympicsred,blue,yellow,blackgreenfriendship“Swifter,Higher,Stronger”Lausanne4)MaineventsinOlympichistory:---776B.C.to392A.D.AncientOlympicGameswereheldinOlympiaeveryfouryears---1896ModemGamesbeganinGreece---1912WomenareallowedtocompeteintheGames.---1924WintersportswereaddedtotheGames.---2008Beijinghostedthe29thOlympicGames.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2CulturalNotesText-relatedinformationWhilewatching,pleasewritedowntherankingoftheTop10OlympicExtravaganzas.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2CulturalNotes10.London19489.Seoul19888.LosAngeles19847.Tokyo19646.Atlanta19965.Barcelona19924.Athens20043.London20122.Sydney20001.Beijing2008Text-relatedinformationWhilewatching,pleasewritedowntherankingoftheTop10OlympicExtravaganzas.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2CulturalNotesBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2CulturalNotes

Atriathleteisinvolvedinamultisportracewiththreecontinuousandsequentialenduranceraces,including

swimming,cycling,andrunningovervariousdistances.Triathletescompeteforfastestoverallcoursecompletion,

includingtimedtransitionsbetweenthethreeraces.

ThetransitionfromswimtobikeisreferredtoasT1andthatbetweenthebikeandrunisreferredtoasT2.

Theathlete’soveralltimefortheraceincludestimespentinT1andT2.Transitionareasvaryinsizedependingon

thenumberofparticipantsexpected.

Thenatureofthesportfocusesonpersistentandoftenperiodizedtrainingineachofthethreedisciplines,as

wellascombinationworkoutsandgeneralstrengthconditioning.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingtriathlete(Para.4)BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading1TextAnalysis2Questions&AnswersBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingEveryoneknowsthatswimmingisallaboutnumbers.You’vegottohittimestandards,gofaster,dropminutes,seconds,ortenths,andeverysinglemistakecanbegamechanging.Fortyyearsago,ImissedtheOlympicteambyoneonehundredthofasecond.Ihadplacedsecondintheprelims,andtheOlympicswimteamthatyeartook3womenineachevent.Inthefinals,Iwasinfirstplaceatthewallatthe50metermark.Aroundthe97thmeter,mydreamwasstillinsight.Atthetouchpad,Ifinishedfourthinalanelinecluster,lifealteringtouch,oneonehundredthofasecondtoolate.Alltheseswimmingnumbers,andnoneinmyfavor.

Myroommate,MelissaBelote,qualifiedforthestoried’76team.Infact,manyofmyfriendsmadethatteam.InthelockerroomoftheLongBeachAquaticCenterthatevening,therewasafranticbuzzaboutuniforms,suits,coaches,andotherinformationonlysuitableforthosewhowereMontrealbound.Iwasbeyondshockedwithmyself.IwassocrushedIcouldn’tspeak,whichishighlyunusualforme.Mycoach,RonJohnsonfromASU,wasalreadyintheparkinglot,sobbing,outofmysight.IreturnedtoArizonacompletelybrokenandaquaticallylost.

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingFromtheEdge:OlympicMissesandLifeLessonsIttookmanyyearsformetocometotermswithnotmakingitinallathleticevents.Sure,ImadetheU.S.teamfortripstoIsrael,Czechoslovakia,Denmark,andmore,andIhadaU.S.trainingcamptriptotheU.S.OlympicTrainingCenterafewyearsafterthetryouts.But,tothisday,IstillgetalumpinmythroatwhenIwatchthe100MeterBreaststrokeattheOlympics.

AsIreflectback,IrealizethatIdidreconstructthisridiculousmisfortuneintomylifeofamazingevents,allbecauseofswimming.Imeanit,ALLbecauseofswimming.Infact,myentire40yearssincethe1976Tryoutshascenteredaroundlifeinpools,lakes,oceans,andbodiesofwaterratherthanelsewhere.Swimmingandthepeopleinvolved(inthebestsportonearth)gavemethecourageanddeterminationtodevelopmycareer.Imetmyspouseonapooldeck.Ihavetaughtchildrenandadultstoswimintwentydifferentpools.Icoachedfor15yearsatNCAADiv.IUniversities.Ihavebeenincludedintwohallsoffame.Ihavebeenaprofessionaltriathlete,aSpecialOlympicMeetdirector,aswimmingvolunteer,asurfer,aUSMS

competitor,ascubadiver,andmanymoreversionsofawaterperson.Ihaveneverturnedmybackonswimming,andithasneverletmedown.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingWhenpeoplesay,“Youcanturnadversityintosuccess,”theyareright.But,it’sincrediblyhardtodescribehowmuchstrengthandglass-half-fullperspectiveisnecessarytoovercomeoneoflife’sgreatestdisappointments.So,forthoseofyouwhohavenarrowlymissedyourmark,“punchingyourtickettoRio”(asIheardabout900timesduringthetelevisionbroadcasts),justknowthatifyouletit,swimmingwillbeyourgreatestasset.Therecanbemorenationalandinternationalopportunities.Itisswimmingthatwillhelpyoumeetthemostincredibleandpositivepeople,traveltheworld,haveadriveandworkethicthatonlyswimmerscanhave—whatelsecouldyouexpectafteralltheearlymornings,trainingcamps,anddoubleworkouts?Yourfitnesscanremainwithyou,andyoucansharewithothersthemostimportantaspectofswimming—respectforandloveofwater.Justholdtighttoyourswimmingintegrityandknowthatyouarestillamongtheelite,thefast,theconfident,andyouarestillamemberoftheworld’sgreatestsport.Swimon.(646words)BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading1TextAnalysisBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingOlympicmisses(Paras.1–2)Traumarecovery

(Paras.3–4)Lifelessons(Para.5)Fortyyearsago,ImissedtheOlympicteambyoneonehundredthofasecond.(Para.1)Iwascompletelyfrustratedandaquaticallylost.(Para.2)Ispentmanyyearsgettingridoftheimpactoflosingthematch.(Para.3)Swimmingandthepeopleinvolvedgavemecourageanddeterminationtodevelopmycareer.(Para.4)Nevergiving-upspiritandoptimisticattitudearethemostpreciouswealthoflife.(Para.5)BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2Questions&AnswersBecauseitrequiresswimmerstomeettimestandard,swimfaster,andevenonesmallmistake,say,afewtenths

ofasecondslow,canchangetheoutcomeofthematch.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingWhyisswimmingallaboutnumbers?2.Whathappenedtotheauthorfortyyearsago?3.Whatdidtheauthorfeelafterthegame?Fortyyearsago,theauthormissedtheOlympicswimmingteamjustbyonehundredthofasecond.Theauthorwasspeechless,feelinggreatlydepressedafternarrowlyfailingtoqualifyfortheOlympicGames.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2Questions&Answers4.

Whydoestheauthorstillgetalumpinherthroatevenyearslaterwhile

watchingthe100MeterBreaststrokeattheOlympics?5.Doestheauthorcontinuewithherswimmingcareer?Howcouldyouknow?BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingTheauthorstillhastroublewatchingtheOlympicstothisdaybecauseshe’soverwhelmedbythegreat

disappointmentandheartbreakingmemoriesoftheOlympicmissesdecadesago.Yes,shemanagestocontinuetohavejoyinthewatersports.Since1976trialsshehaseverbeenacoach,a

swimmingvolunteer,asurfer,ascubadiver,etc.Infact,swimmingandcoachingareahugepartofherlifeforsolong,andtheimpacthasbeenunending.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2Questions&Answers6.Willitbeeasyforonetoovercomehislife’sgreatestdisappointment?Whataretheauthor’ssuggestions?7.

Accordingtotheauthor,whataretheadvantagesofswimming?BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingNo,itwillbehardforonetoovercomehislife’sgreatestdisappointment.Accordingtotheauthor,great

courageandoptimisticattitudeareneededtohelponegetthroughthetoughtimes.Swimmingwillhelponemeetthemostincredibleandpositivepeople,traveltheworld,haveadriveandwork

ethicthatonlyswimmerscanhave.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2Questions&Answers8.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor?Whatdoyoulearnfromthestory?BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingTheauthorisabraveandstrong-willedpersonwhoremainssteadfasttoherlove

forthelifedefiningsportofswimming.Despitethegreatestdisappointmentinherlife,shecontinueswith

herremarkableliferelatedtowater.Shewillalwaysbeaninspirationtomany.Wecanlearnfromthisgreat

articleaboutthelessonsoflifeandproperperspectivethatweshallhold,especiallywhenweareinthefaceof

adversity.What’smore,thisissomethingtorememberaswewatchtheOlympicswithallhighsandlowsof

thecompetitors.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudyYou’vegottohittimestandards,gofaster,dropminutes,seconds,ortenths,andevery

singlemistakecanbegamechanging.(Para.1)Pleaseparaphrasethissentence.Youhavetomeetthetimerequirement,youhavetoswimfast,say,afewminutes,afewseconds,maybeeven

afewtenthsofasecondfaster,andeverysmallerrorcanchangetheresultofthematch.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudyInthefinals,Iwasinfirstplaceatthewallatthe50metermark.Aroundthe97thmeter,

mydreamwasstillinsight.(Para.1)Pleaseparaphrasethissentence.Inthefinals,Itooktheleadinhittingthewallforthefirst50meters,andwhenIswamabout97meters,my

dreamwasstillwithinreach.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading決賽

看得見BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudylane(Para.1):n.[C]anarrowmarkedsectionofatrackoraswimmingpoolthatisusedbyonepersontakingpartinarace

(比賽的）跑道，泳道2)anarrowroadinthecountry（鄉(xiāng)間）小路

3)(especiallyinplacenames)astreet,oftenanarrowonewithbuildingsonbothsides（尤用于地名）小巷；胡同；里弄

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---Thepoolisdividedintothreesectionswithacrawlerlaneforbeginners.泳池分三部分，有為初學者而設的慢泳道。---我們駕車沿泥濘的小路到達農舍。Wedrovealongamuddylanetoreachthefarmhouse.---最近的路是穿過公共汽車站后面的小巷。Thequickestwayisthroughthebacklanesbehindthebusstation.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudycluster(Para.1):n.[C]1)agroupofthingsofthesametypethatgroworappearclosetogether（同類物叢生或聚集的）簇，束，串

2)agroupofpeople,animalsorthingsclosetogether（人或動物等的）群，團，組

vi.cometogetherinasmallgrouporgroups群聚；聚集

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---Theplantbearsitsflowersinclusters.這種植物開花成簇。---這兒沒有城鎮(zhèn)，只在公路邊上有一片商店、小木屋和汽車旅館。There’snotownhere,justaclusterofshops,cabinsandmotelsatthesideofthehighway.---醫(yī)生們焦急地圍在他的床邊。Thedoctorsclusteredanxiouslyaroundhisbed.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudyaquatic(Para.2):adj.connectedwithwater水的；水中的；水上的growingorlivingin,onornearwater水生的；水棲的BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---游泳和滑水都是水上運動。Swimmingandwater-skiingarebothaquaticsports.---Thepondisquitesmallbutcansupportmanyaquaticplantsandfish.池塘雖小，但能為許多水生植物和魚類提供足夠的養(yǎng)分。BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudybuzz(Para.2):n.[Cusu.sing.](infml.)astrongfeelingofpleasure,excitementorachievement（愉快、興奮或成就的）強烈情感acontinuoussoundliketheonethatabee,abuzzerorotherelectronicdevicemakes嗡嗡聲；蜂鳴聲soundofpeopletalking,especiallyinanexcitedway嘰嘰喳喳的談話聲BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---她從工作中得到了很大樂趣。Shegetsabuzzoutofherwork.---Thebuzzoftheentryphoneinterruptedourconversation.大門口對話機的蜂響聲打斷了我們的談話。---她一踏進房間里，熱烈的談話便戛然而止。Thebuzzofconversationsuddenlystoppedwhenshecameintotheroom.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudyvi.1)makeacontinuouslowsound發(fā)出嗡嗡聲2)haveanairofexcitementoractivity熱鬧；忙亂；忙碌BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---蜜蜂在花叢中懶洋洋地嗡嗡叫著。Beesbuzzedlazilyamongtheflowers.---Reporterswerebuzzingaround,tryingtogetthefullstory.記者們跑來跑去，試圖弄清事情的來龍去脈。BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudysob(Para.2):vi.1)crynoisily,takingsudden,sharpbreaths抽噎；啜泣；嗚咽vt.2)saysomethingwhileyouarecrying嗚咽著說；哭訴BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---I

foundhersobbinginthebedroombecauseshe’dbrokenherfavouritedoll.我看見她在臥室里啜泣，因為她弄壞了自己最心愛的娃娃。---她嗚咽著說：“一切都是我的錯?！薄癊verything’smyfault,”shesobbed.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudyathletic:adj.connectedwithsportssuchasrunning,jumpingandthrowing(=athletics)體育運動的；田徑運動的physicallystrong,fitandactive健壯的BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---他們完全是憑體育特長才獲得了大學獎學金。Theyhavebeengivencollegescholarshipspurelyonathleticability.---17歲時他是個身材高大、體格健壯的青年，是個優(yōu)秀的摔跤運動員、賽跑運動員。Atseventeenhewasabigathleticyouth,agreatwrestlerandrunner.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudylump(Para.3):n.[C]apieceofsomethinghardorsolid,usuallywithoutaparticularshape（通常為無定形的）塊aswellingundertheskin,sometimesasignofseriousillness腫塊；隆起B(yǎng)eforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---Thepottershapedandsqueezedthelumpofclayintoagracefulshape.制陶工人把黏土塊捏塑成優(yōu)美的形狀。---除了頭上起了個包，他沒有別的傷。Hewasunhurtapartfromalumponhishead.*alumpinone’sthroat:feelpressureinthethroatbecauseyouareveryangryoremotional（因憤怒或情緒激動而）喉嚨哽住，哽咽---Istoodtherewithalumpinmythroatandtriedtofightbacktears.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudyreconstruct:vt.beabletodescribeorshowexactlyhowapasteventhappened,usingtheinformationyouhavegathered重現(xiàn)描述；使重現(xiàn)2)buildormakesomethingagainthathasbeendamagedorthatnolongerexists修復；重建；重造

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---警方設法利用目擊證人的陳述來重現(xiàn)犯罪過程。Thepolicetriedtoreconstructthecrimeusingthestatementsofwitnesses.---TheyhavetriedtoreconstructthelittlevillageasitwouldhavebeeninIronAgetimes.他們已試著按鐵器時代的樣子重建這個小村落。BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudymisfortune:n.[C]anunfortunateaccident,conditionorevent不幸的事故（或情況、事件）[U]badluck厄運；不幸BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---颶風給這一地區(qū)許多人帶來很大災難。Thehurricanewasagreatmisfortuneformanypeopleinthearea.---他業(yè)務上的失敗不是由于遇到了厄運，而是由于他自己的過錯。Hefailedinbusinessnotbecauseofmisfortune,butbecauseofhisownerror.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudyinvolved(Para.4):adj.takingpartin;beingpartoforconnectedwith參與；作為一部分；有關聯(lián)complicatedanddifficulttounderstand復雜難解的

givingalotoftime,effort,orattentionto專心于……的；忙于……的BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---如果她經商的話，將會是一位有能力的總裁。Ifshewereinvolvedinbusiness,shewouldmakeastrongchiefexecutive.---這部影片的情節(jié)太復雜了，我看不懂。TheplotofthefilmwassoinvolvedthatIcouldn’tunderstandit.---他重申了他們要解決通貨膨脹問題的決心。Hereaffirmedtheirdeterminationtotackleinflation.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudyasset(Para.

5)

:

n.[C]apersonorthingthatisvaluableoruseful有價值的人（或事物）；有用的人（或事物）(usu.pl.)athingofvalue,especiallyproperty,thatapersonorcompanyowns,whichcanbeusedorsoldpaydebts資產；財產BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---她將是這個隊的得力干將。She’llbeanassettotheteam.---到2015年年底該集團已有35億美元的資產。Bytheendof2015thegrouphadassetsof$3.5billion.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudySo,forthoseofyouwhohavenarrowlymissedyourmark,“punchingyourtickettoRio,”

justknowthatifyouletit,swimmingwillbeyourgreatestasset.(Para.5)Pleaseparaphrasethissentence.SoIwouldliketosaytothosewhohavejustmissedtheopportunitytosucceed,“cheerupandheadforRio!”Youjustneedtounderstandthatswimmingwillbeyourpreciouswealthifyouarewillingtosticktoit.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLanguageStudyelite(Para.5):adj.thebestinaparticularsocietyororganization精英的；精銳的；最優(yōu)秀的n.[C]agroupofpeopleinasociety,etc.whoarepowerfulandhavealotofinfluence,becausetheyarerich,

intelligent,etc.上層集團；（統(tǒng)稱）掌權人物，社會精英BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading---It’sdifficulttohaveagrowingcommunitythatiselite,friendlyandopenatthesametime.一個日益發(fā)展的社區(qū)能同時擁有精英化、友好化和開放化是很難的。---輿論為少數(shù)控制著新聞媒介的上層人士所左右。Publicopinionisinfluencedbythesmallelitewhocontrolthemedia.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading1ReadingSkills2TranslationTechniquesBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading1ReadingSkillsUsingContextClues(4)---RestatementContextcluesofferinsight,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,intothemeaningsofunknownwords.Thereadermay

discoverthemeaningofanunknownwordbecausesometimesitrepeatsanideaexpressedinmorefamiliarwords.

Thesecluesexplainunfamiliarwordsbyrestatingtheminsimplerlanguage,buttheyarenotalwayslocatedinthe

samesentences.Youmayneedtorereadthesentencebeforeorafterthewordtounderstanditsmeaning.

Wordssignalingrestatementincludeor,thatistosay,i.e.,thatis,inotherwords,toputitanotherway,like,

as...as,thesameas,similarly.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading1ReadingSkillsBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingGuessthemeaningoftheitalicizedwordineachsentence,andtrytoprovidetheChinesemeaningwithoutreferringtothedictionary.Afewtypesoftalltreesspreadacanopyorthickcoverofleavesovertheforest.2)Thedoorwassolowthathehithisheadonthelintel.3)Thewomanhadawanlook.Thatistosay,shewassopaleandweakthatwe

thoughtshewasill.4)Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdriftedwiththewindlikefeathers.5)Ifyoukeepbreadtoolong,itbecomesstale.樹冠，冠蓋門楣，過梁蒼白憔悴的，面帶倦容的薄片，雪片不新鮮的BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading1ReadingSkillsBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingGuessthemeaningoftheitalicizedwordineachsentence,andtrytoprovidetheChinesemeaningwithoutreferringtothedictionary.6)Beforethemainbusinessofaconferencebegins,thechairmanusuallymakesashortpreliminary

speech,ormakesafewpreliminaryremarks.Inotherwords,hesaysafewthingsbywayof

introduction.7)Fishbreathewithgillsandbirdseatwithbeaks.8)Richardgotonthemotorcycle,Isatbehindhimonthepillionandwe

roaredoffintothenight.9)ProfessorSmithisresolute,namely,oncehesetsupagoal,hewon’tgiveitupeasily.10)Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehim

unconscious.初步的，預備的魚鰓/鳥喙摩托車后座堅定的，有決心的麻醉劑，麻藥BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2TranslationTechniquesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingItisapleasuretoworkwithyou.2.Thecomplicationofsocialproblemsmadehimintodifficulties.3.Asheisaperfectstrangerinthecity,Ihopeyouwillgivehimthenecessary

help.4.Athensisacityofgreatantiquity.和您共事十分高興。社會問題太復雜了，他陷入了困境。他對這城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能給他必要的幫助。雅典是座古城。BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2TranslationTechniquesBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading5.Icanassureyouofthisman’sreliability.6.Sheboughtafivethousandeuroplatinumwatchasabirthdaygift.7.Theteachergaveallpatiencetoherstudents.8.Whenhegavemeadvice,Iamallears.我向你保證這人絕對可靠。她買了一塊價值5000歐元的白金手表作為生日禮物。老師對學生極盡耐心。他給我提意見時，我洗耳恭聽。COLLEGEENGLISHERATHEME-BASEDNEWIntegratedCourse

1Text

B

NoOneWinsGoldforPracticingtheMostUnit

5

Sportsand

Sportsman

BeforeReadingWhileReadingAfterReading1Introduction2CulturalNotesSomepeoplebelievethatthesuccessofanathletecanbemeasuredbythelengthofhis

trainingtime.However,anewstudysuggeststherearelimitstothe“10,000-hourrule”and

howfarpracticeandhardworkcantakeanathlete.BeforeReadingWhileReadingAfterReading1Introduction2Culture

Notes.BeforeReadingWhileReadingAfterReadingthe“10,000-hourrule”(Para.2)

The“10,000-hourrule”coinedbyGladwellinhisbookOutliers:TheStoryofSuccessistheideathatwith

10,000hoursofhigh-qualitypractice,calleddeliberatepractice,anyonecanbecomeanexpert.

InOutliers,Gladwellexamines

thefactorsthatcontributetohighlevelsofsuccess.Throughoutthepublication,Gladwellrepeatedlymentionsthe“10,000-hourrule,”claimingthatthekey

toachievingworld-classexpertiseinanyskillis,toalargeextent,amatterofpracticingthecorrectway,fora

totalofaround10,000hours.2Culture

NotesBeforeReadingWhileReadingAfterReadingPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience(Para.3)PerspectivesonPsychologicalScienceisabimonthlypeer-reviewedaffiliatedjournaloftheAssociation

forPsychologicalScience,dedicatedtopublishinginterestingandthought-provokingarticlesthatpresentthelatestadvancesincontemporarypsychologicalresearch.Thejournalwasestablishedin2006andtheeditor-in-chiefisRobertSternberg(CornellUniversity).ThefoundingeditorwasEdDiener,UniversityofIllinoisat

Urbana-Champaign.MembersoftheAssociationforPsychologicalSciencereceivethejournalaspartoftheir

membership.1Text

Analysis2Question&ResponseBeforeReadingWhileReadingAfterReadingIsitsafetoassumethatagoldmedalistattheOlympicspracticedmorethanasilvermedalist—andthatasilvermedalistpracticedmorethanabronzewinner?Definitelynot,accordingtoanewanalysis,whichlookedatnearly3,000athletes.Thestudyfoundthatalthoughbecomingworldclasstakesanenormousamountofpractice,thesuccessofeliteathletescannotbepredictedbasedonthenumberofhourstheyspendoncarefultraining.

In1993SwedishpsychologistK.AndersEricssonpublishedahighlyinfluentialpaperthatsuggestedperformancedifferencesbetweenmediocremusiciansandtheirsuperiorcounterparts—asdeterminedbytheevaluationsoftheirprofessors—werelargelydeterminedbythenumberofhourstheyspentpracticing.Hewouldlaterpublishworkextendinghistheorytootherpursuits,includingsports,chessandmedicine.EricssonemphasizedthattherewasnoupperboundtotheeffectthatBeforeReadingWhileReadingAfterReading1Text

AnalysisNoOneWinsGoldforPracticingtheMost

deliberatepracticehadonsuccessintheseareas—theworld’sbestathletes,musiciansanddoctorswere

simplytheoneswhopracticedthemost.HisworkwouldeventuallybepopularizedbyjournalistMalcolmGladwellandothersasthe“10,000-hourrule,”thatis,thetopperformanceinvirtuallyanyfieldissimplyamatterofputtingin10,000hoursofwork.

ButanewstudypublishedinPerspectivesonPsychologicalScienceshowsthatdeliberatepracticeisjustonefactorthatmakesworldsportschampions.“Moreorless,practicewillimproveone’sperformance,”saysBrookeMacnamara,apsychologistatCaseWesternUniversityandleadauthorofthestudy.Atacertainlevelofsuccess,however,otherfactorsdeterminewhotheabsolutebestis,shesays.

1Text

AnalysisBeforeReadingWhileReadingAfterReadingMacnamaraandhercolleaguesanalyzed34studiesthat—puttogether—hadtrackedthenumberofhours2,765athleteshadpract