教師公開招聘考試小學(xué)英語（閱讀理

解）模擬試卷1

一、閱讀理解（本題共26題，每題1.0分，共26分。）

OURPROMISEMakingyourstayacompletesuccessisourgoal.Justletourmanager

ondutyoffront-deskstaffknowifanypartofyourstayisn'tsatisfactory.Wepromiseto

makeitrightoryouwon'tpayforthatpartofyourstay.FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyou

forgettopackanystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb）Justcallthefrontdeskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacement（替代）rightaway.

PLEASEREUSETHETOWELSWeinviteyoutojoinwithustosavewaterbyusing

yourtowels（毛巾）morethanonce.Inadditiontodecreasingwaterandenergywaste,

youcanhelpusreducetheamountofwastewaterthatmustberecycledwithinour

community.Pleasehangthetowelsupifyouwishtoparticipateintheprogram—ifnot,

simplyleaveihenionthefloor.Weappreciateyourhelp!PLEASECHANGETHE

SHEETSTODAYTheProjectPlanetProgramisaneffortofthishoteltoprotectthe

environmentthroughsavingwateranddecreasingwastewater.Ifyouarestayingwithus

morethanonenight,aspartoftheProjectPlanetProgram,wewillwashyoursheets

everythreedays.Ifyouwouldprefernottoparticipateinthisprogram,simplyhangthis

cardontheoutsideofyourdoorandsheetswillbechangedrightaway.Asalwayssheets

areautomaticallychangedaftereveryguestchecksout.Weappreciateyourhelp!

1Ifyouforgetyourcomb,youcan.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。FORGETSOMETHING?中的”Ifyouforgettopack

anystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb）,justcallthefront-deskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacementrightaway.“可

知，如果忘了帶梳子，給前臺打電話就可以免費(fèi)得到一個。故選C。

2^Leavingthetowelsonthefloormeans.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PLEASEREUSETHETOWELS中的“Pleasehang

thetowelsupifyouwishtojoinintheprogram-ifnot,simplyleavethemonthefloor."

可知，如果把毛巾放在地上，說明不同意毛巾的循環(huán)利用。故選C。

3、WhatistheProjectPlanetProgramtryingtodo?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PLEASECHANGETHESHEETSTODAY中的

"TheProjectPlanetProgramisinaneffortofthishoteltoprotecttheenvironmentby

savingwateranddecreasingwastewater.”可知，此項(xiàng)目的目的是通過節(jié)水保護(hù)環(huán)境。

故選Bo

Thestateoftheworld'splantsisnotstrong.Onein5plantspeciesfacesriskof

extinction,accordingtoareporttoutedtobethefirstassessmentofglobalplantlife.And

suchlossofplantdiversitycouldhavedevastatingimpactsonourownplantuses."

Plantsareabsolutelymomentoustohumankind,"saidKathyWillis,sciencedirectorat

theRoyalBotanicGardensatKewinLondon,wholedthenewreport."Plantsprovideus

witheverything-food,fuel,medicines,timberandtheyareincrediblyimportantforour

climateregulation.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.Wcarcfacingsomedevastating

realitiesifwedonottakestockandre-examineourprioritiesandefforts."Thegoodnews

isthatdeforestationratesaroundtheworldhavedeclinedconsiderablysincethe1950s,

withBrazilandChinademonstratingsignificantsuccess.However,thisfirst-everreport

onthehealthofplantspeciesaroundtheworldshowsthatthereismuchmoretobedone.

Thereport,calledthe"StateoftheWorld'sPlants",estimatesthattherearecurrently

390,900plantspeciesknowntoscience,notincludingalgaeormoss.Thisestimate

accountsforinstanceswherescientistshavedescribedthesamespecieswithdifferent

names.Andsome21percentofthoseplantsarcthreatenedwithextinction,accordingto

thereport.MIhepositiveiswe'restilldiscoveringlotsofnewplants,about2,000each

year,newplantsforfood,forfuel,fordrugs,"saidDr.Willis,"Onthenegative,we've

seenahugechangeinlandcover,mainlydrivenbyculturalactivity,withalittlebitof

climatechangeinthereaswell."Humanactivityhasasignificantimpactonplant

extinctionrisk.Ashumanschopdownforeststoclearspaceforagriculture,andtowns

andcities,vaststoresofbiodiversityarelost.Deforestationforlandusechangeis

compoundedbytheimpactsofclimatechange,bothbyaffectingplantsthatarehighly

sensitivetochangesandthroughindirectimpacts,likechangesinpollinators.Plant

speciesextinctioncouldhavereverberatingeffects.Plantsactabitlikelungsforthe

Earth,suckingcarbondioxideoutoftheair.Plantlossmeansreductioninthiscarbon

sink.Losingthediversityofplantscouldalsobeaproblemforhumanuse,asatleast

31,128plantsarecurrentlyputtosomedocumenteduse.Notonlycouldthisaffectour

ownfoodsupplydirectly,itcouldalsoaffectthefoodweb.Ifaplant-eatinganimalloses

someofitsfoodsource,thatchangecouldbefeltupthefoodchain."Onefifthofworld's

plantsthreatenedbyextinction,sayscientists".ByEvaBotkin-Kowacki.May10,2016.

TheChristianScienceMonitor.

4、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"momentous"inParagraph2probablymean?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句和第三句"Plantsprovideuswith

everything-food,fuel,medicines,timberandtheyareincrediblyimportantforour

climateregulation.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.”可知，植物為我們提供了一

切——食物，燃料，藥品，木材，而且對我們的氣候調(diào)節(jié)極其重要。沒有植物，就

沒有我們。由此可見，植物對于人類來說非常重要。crucial意為“重要的”；

available意為“可得到的”;boiiomless意為“無窮盡的，深不可測的''；replaceable意

為“可代替的故選A。

5、Howmanyplantspeciesknowntoscienceareattheriskofextinction?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句"Thereport,calledihe"Stateof

theWorld'sPlants,'estimatesthattherearccurrently390,900plantspeciesknownto

science,notincludingalgaeormoss"和最后一句"Andsome21percentofthoseplants

arethreatenedwithextinction,accordingtothereport”可知，這份名為“世界植物狀

況”的報告估計，現(xiàn)在已知的植物有390900種，其中不包括藻類和苔薛類植物，報

告稱，21%的植物面臨著滅絕的危險。因此，有82089種科學(xué)上已知的植物物種面

臨滅絕的危險。故選C

6、Whatcausesthelossofbiodiversityaccordingtothetext?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句和第二句"Humanactivityhasa

significantimpactonplantextinctionrisk.Ashumanschopdownforeststoclearspace

foragriculture,andtownsandcities,vaststoresofbiodiversityarelost."nJ知,人類

活動對植物滅絕風(fēng)險有著重要影響。人們砍伐森林，騰出地方來發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)，建設(shè)城

鎮(zhèn)，于是生物多樣性便大幅減少。故選C。

7、Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析:主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Thestateoftheworld'splantsisnot

strong.Onein5plantspeciesfacesriskofextinction,accordingtoareporttoutedtobe

thefirstassessmentofglobalplantlife.Andsuchlossofplantdiversitycouldhave

devastatingimpactsonourownplantuses.“可知，世界上植物的生存狀況不容樂觀。

據(jù)第一份評估全球植物生存狀況的報告顯示，每五種植物中就有一種面臨著滅絕的

風(fēng)險。這種植物多樣性的減少可能會對我們的植物使用造成破壞性的影響。第一段

開門見山，引出全文討論的話題。第一句直接指出存在的問題，即世界上的植物生

存狀況不容樂觀，引起人們的注意。第二句對前一句進(jìn)行解釋，援引報告觀點(diǎn)，指

出現(xiàn)在植物面臨著極大的滅絕風(fēng)險。toutedtobethefirstassessmentofglobalplant

life一方面表明了報告的權(quán)威性，另一方面也從側(cè)面表明之前人們對植物的關(guān)注不

夠。因此，本文的寫作目的是為了呼吁人們保護(hù)生物多樣性。故選B。

ThemassdeathofflyinginextremeheatinNorthQueenslandlastmonthunderlinesthe

importanceofUniversityofQueenslandwildliferesearchtoday.TheUQresearchsheds

lightonhowvariousspecieshaverespondedtomajorclimateevents.AstudyledbyUQ

SchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalScience,researcherDr.SeanMaxwellhasspentmore

than70yearsquantifyingtheresponsesofvariousspecies."Thegrowingfrequencyand

intensityofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones,droughtsandfloodiscausing

unpredictableandimmediatechangestoecosystemsandblockingexistingmanagement

efforts,"Dr.Maxwellsaid."Someofthenegativeresponseswefoundwerequite

concerning,includingmorethan100casesofdramaticpopulationdeclinesand31causes

oflocalpopulationextinctionfollowinganextremeevent.1'Populationsofcritically

endangeredbirdspeciesinHawaii,suchasthepalia,havebeenannihilateddueto

drought,leavingnoneofitskind,andpopulationsoflizardspecieshavebeenwipedout

duetocyclonesintheBahamas.Cycloneswerethemostcommonextremeeventfor

birds,fish,plantsandreptiles,whilemammalsandamphibiansweremostresponsiveto

droughtevents,withdroughtleadingto12casesofmajorpopulationdeclinein

mammals.Droughtalsoledto13casesofbreedingdeclinesinbirdpopulationsand12

casesofchangesinthecompositionofinvertebratecommunities.UQCentrefor

BiodiversityandConservationSciencedirectorProfessorJamesWatsonsaidthedetailed

informationwouldhelpinformecosystemmanagement.nTheresearchclearlyshows

specieswillrespond,oftennegatively,toextremeevents,"ProfessorWatsonsaid."As

climatechangecontinuestoensureextremeclimateandweathereventsaremoreand

morecommon,wcnowneedtoacttoensurespecieshavethebestchancetosurvive.

Whereverpossible,highqualityandintacthabitatareasshouldberetained,astheseare

theplaceswherespeciesaremostresilienttoincreasingexposuretoextremeevents."

8、Thestudyshowedthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"TheUQresearchshedslighton

howvariousspecieshaverespondedtomajorclimateevents”和第三段的第二句“Some

ofthenegativeresponseswefoundwerequiteconcenrng”可知，這項(xiàng)研究主要揭示各

個物種對極端氣候的反應(yīng)，結(jié)果顯示一些負(fù)面反應(yīng)令人堪憂。故選B。

9、Whichofthefollowingwillcausethedeathofsomespecies?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"Thegrowingfrequencyandintensity

ofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones,droughtsandfloodiscausingunpredictable

andimmediatechangestoecosystemsandblockingexistingmanagementeffbrls”可知颶

風(fēng)、干早和洪水等極端天氣事件的頻率和強(qiáng)度不斷增加，對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成了一些嚴(yán)

重的影響，以致很多物種減少甚至滅絕。選項(xiàng)中只有hurricane（颶風(fēng)）屬于極端

氣候，其他選項(xiàng)均不屬于。故選A。

10、Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。本文主要講極端天氣對野生動物的負(fù)面影響，A項(xiàng)為

“人類易受某些動植物的傷害”，文章未提及，且極端天氣在某些情況下是人類活動

造成的，故排除A：根據(jù)第五段第一句"whHemammalsandamphibiansweremost

responsivetodroughtevents”可知人類和兩棲動物最容易受干旱的影響，青蛙屬于兩

棲動物，B項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第三段第一句"Thegrowingfrequencyandintensityof

extremeweathereventssuchascyclones”可知，極端天氣事件的頻率和強(qiáng)度在不斷增

加，無法推出C項(xiàng)的“極端天氣事件在數(shù)百年前更為普遍”，排除C；根據(jù)第二段

“researcherDr.SeanMaxwellhasspentmorethan70yearsquantifyingtheresponsesof

variousspecies"可知,是Dr.SeanMaxwell做了70多年的研究，D項(xiàng)錯誤。故選

Bo

Thenexttimeyouseeanantinyourkitchen,thinktwicebeforeyoukillit.Why?

Scientistsbelievethatantscanhelpussolvesomeseriousproblems.Antsarevery

successfulanimals.TheycanbefoundineverypartoftheearthexceptforAntarctic,and

afewsmallislands.Over12,500speciesofantsexist.Theirpopulationsnumberinthe

millions.Infact,biologistssaythatifyouweighedeverylivingthingontheplanet,15to

25percentofthetotalweightwouldbemadeupbyants.Whatexplainsants'success?

Theyhaveverysmallbrainsandnoleader.Butasagroup,theyareorganized,efficient,

andexcellentatsolvingproblems.Forexample,theyarealwaysabletofindthefastest

waytogettofood.Thousandsofthemcantraveltothesameplaceatthesametime

withoutgettingintoatrafficjam(somethinghumanshavenotbeenabletofigureout

howtodo).Howcantheydothesethingswithsuchsmallbrains?Theanswerissimple.

Anyoneantdoesn'tneedtoknowmuch;itjustneedsafewsimplerules.Whenitfollows

thoserules,itbecomesonesmallpariofalargegroupbrain.Thisiscalledswarm

intelligence.Scientistsnowhopetoimitateants*organizationalpower.Computer

scientiststhinkitcanhelpincommunication.Theyareusingswarmintelligencetofind

thefastestwaytosendmessagesovertheInternet.Otherscientistsaremakingsimple

robotsthatworkinswarms,likeants.Oneday,theyhopetousetheserobotsto

investigatedangerousplaces.Theyalsothinkthatthecellsinourbodiesmightuse

swarmintelligence.Ifso,thelessonslearnedfromantsmightonedayhelpustreata

varietyofmedicalconditions.

11、WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由第二段可知，螞蟻數(shù)員多，種類多，C項(xiàng)正確；南極

洲和幾個小島上沒有螞蟻，A項(xiàng)錯誤；目前有12500多種螞蟻，B項(xiàng)錯誤；D項(xiàng)中

的onequarter錯誤,原文是15%-25%。故選C。

12、Howdoantsbecomeorganizationallypowerful?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句"Theanswerissimple.Anyonear.t

doesn'tneedtoknowmuch；itjustneedsafewsimplerules"可知，螞蟻們?nèi)绱顺晒κ?/p>

因?yàn)樗鼈冏裱撕唵蔚囊?guī)則。故選D。

13、Whydoscientistsstudyants?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由原文倒數(shù)第二段可知，一些科學(xué)家希望去模仿螞蟻的

集群智能，即swarmintelligence。最后一段也說，另外一些科學(xué)家正在制造一些集

群工作的機(jī)器人，以便可以去一些危險的地方研究。由此可知，科學(xué)家們都想要去

運(yùn)用螞蟻的集體智能。故選A。

14>Whatcanweknowaboutantsfromthetext?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句"Butasagroup,theyareorganized,

efficient,efficientandexcellentatsolvingproblems”可知，螞蟻?zhàn)鳛槿后w出動時是有

組織、有效率的，A項(xiàng)中的asindividuals錯誤；通過最后兩段科學(xué)家對于螞蟻集群

智能的研究以及希望將它運(yùn)用到計算機(jī)、機(jī)器人以及醫(yī)學(xué)中可知，螞蟻的組織力可

以促進(jìn)關(guān)于交流的研究。B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)中的“treatavarietyofmedical

condilions”和“investigatedangerousplaces”在最后一段都只是希望做到的事情，而不

是已經(jīng)完成的，所以C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)均錯誤。故選B。

Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialfor

healththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,

farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.

Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightand

inactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen'sfitnessandrestingmetabolic

（新陳代謝）ratesandtooksamples（樣品）oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwo

separatemorningvisitstothescientists'lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaverage

speedthat,intheoryshouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneof

theseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletely

emptystomachafteralongovernightfast（禁食）.Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearich

morningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhourafter

eachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen'sbloodandfattissue.

Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,

themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhad

skippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduring

walksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,they

burnedslightlymorecalories（卡路里），onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfast

thanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthe

mostsignificant,theresearchersfound,multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingon

whethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins

（蛋白質(zhì)）thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin（胰島素）levelsthroughout

thebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuch

moreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.

Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,it

maybewisetoskipeatingfirst.

15^Theunderlinedexpression"stomachit"inParagraphImostprobably

means.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)卜,文“workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemore

beneficialforhealththaneatingfirst”可知，早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯?jiān)馘憻拰】?/p>

更有益，因此推斷這里說的是那些不吃早飯先鍛煉的人，因此推斷劃線詞與B項(xiàng)

“不吃早飯能應(yīng)付”意思相近。故選B。

16、Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句"Theyfirstfound10overweightand

inactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesarefarbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.“可知，他們首先找到了10個超重的、不活躍但

健康的年輕人，他們的生活方式可以說更好，也可以說更糟，代表了我們大多數(shù)

人。因此可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)時選擇的10個人的生活方式代表了普通人。故選A。

17、Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段最后兩句"Asaresult,theyburnedmorefat

duringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,

theyburnedslightlymorecalories（卡路里），onaverage,duringtheworkoutafter

breakfastthanafterfasting.”可知，結(jié)果，他們空腹散步時燃燒的脂肪比他們先吃東

西時所燃燒的脂肪要多。另一方面，平均而言，他們在早餐后鍛煉時燃燒的卡路里

略多于禁食后。因此可知，鍛煉前吃早飯消耗更多一點(diǎn)的熱量。故選B。

18、Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthatto

gainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.“可

知，這些結(jié)果暗示，為了從運(yùn)動中獲得最大的健康益處，先不吃東西可能更明智。

因此推斷早飯前的體育鍛煉對健康更有益。故選D。

Forhalfacentury,languageexpertshavefallenintotwocamps,withmost

lexicogiaphersandacademiclinguistsononeside,andtraditionalistwritersandeditors

ontheother.Shouldlanguageexpertsaimtodescribethestateofthelanguage

accurately?Orshouldtheyprescribehowthelanguageshouldbeused?Overthedecades,

thetwosideshavetradedinsults;prcscribcrsarcauthoritariansindenialaboutthereal

worldanddescribersarepermissivistswithnostandards.Twoauthorsinthepasttwo

yearshavemadeitclearthatitistimetomoveon.StevenPinkerisadescriber,alinguist

andcognitivescientist.Butin2014hepublished"TheSenseofStyle",aguidetogood

writingthatendedwithasectionofpreions;dothis,notthat.Theyweregroundedin

deion,notdogma-butpreionstheywerenonetheless.Nowcometwonewbooksby

BryanGarner,aproudpreivistwhoreachesthesamepointfromtheoppositedirection.

Theyrelynotonmereclippings,butonbigdata;millionsofbooksscannedbyGoogle.

ThisletsMr.Garnercompare"hepleadedguilty"withtheupstart"hepledguilty"."Pled"

isgainingground,but"pleaded"isstillthreetimesascommoninbooks.Onthisbasis,

Mr.Garnerprescribes;stickwith"pleaded".ButheallowedGoogle'sdatatochangehis

mind,too,"runthegantlet",howevertraditional,haslongbeenoutnumberedby

examplesof"runthegaunllet",sohehasacceptedthenewerusage.Theconflictbetween

deionandpreionshouldneverhavebecomesobitter.Mr.PinkerisafineEnglishstylist;

itisnosurprisethathehasopinionsonwhethersomewordsandformationsarebetter

thanothers.AndMr.Garnerisadeeplyreadman(andalawyer),soitshouldcomeasno

surprisethathemarshalsevidence.Butbothcampswereill-servedbylessthoughtful

standard-bearers.Manycluelessprcscribcrsreallydidpushdudrules;thebanonsplit

infinitives,thebanonendingsentenceswithprepositions,thenotionthat"since"cannot

mean''because"andsoinanymore.Inthepushbackagainstahistoryofprejudices,

preionrepresentedauthorityandtradition,anddeionrepresenteddemocracyand

progress.Butsensiblewritersonbothsideshavecometoagree,howevertacitly,that

thereisavariety,calledstandardEnglish,withrulesthatcanbefoundbylookingatlarge

volumesofthestuff.Thebestprcscribcrsarcbecomingevermoreinformed,andthe

describersmorecomfortablewiththeideaofgivingpeople"right"and"wrong"

judgmentsonstandardEnglish.Intheend,thetestofagoodpunditisonewhowill

declarethemethodsandevidencethatwentintoajudgmentcall.Onthat,thebestdeivists

andpreivistsshouldbereadytosignanarmisticeinthelongandbloodyusagewars.

19、Wlialdues11leunderlinedwurd"icxiuogiaphcr"(Line1,Para.1)nioslprobably

mean?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句"Forhalfacentury,language

expertshavefallenintotwocamps,withmostlexicographersandacademiclinguistson

oneside,andtraditionalistwritersandeditorsontheother”可知lexicographers應(yīng)和

traditionalistwritersandeditors相對：根據(jù)“l(fā)exico''匕知詞意應(yīng)該與"dictionary”有

關(guān)。故選B。

20Whichofthefollowingstatementscomesfromadescriber?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段最后一句"prescribersareauthoritariansin

denialabouttherealworldanddescribersarepermissivistswithnostandards''可矢口描寫

主義者是亳無標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的放縱主義者；plead的過去式有“pleaded”和“pled”兩種，但英式

更常用的是“pleaded”，而描寫主義者不會太在意，故只有C項(xiàng)符合描寫主義者的

做法。故選C。

21、ItisindicatedinPara.4thattheconflict.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句"Theconflictbetweendeionand

preionshouldneverhavebecomesobitter"可知描寫和規(guī)定之間的沖突不應(yīng)該如此激

烈；根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句"Butbothcampswereill-servedbylessthoughtful

slandard-bearers”nj知兩方陣營都被某些莽撞的教條主義者拖累了。很多愚蠢的規(guī)

定主義者確實(shí)推行過毫無用處的規(guī)定。故選D。

22>Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題?？v觀全文，開頭段提出兩大陣營之間的爭端由來已久，

中間介紹了矛盾被一些激進(jìn)者提出的一些欠考慮的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限制了兩派的觀點(diǎn)，最后提

出建議雙方應(yīng)該相互補(bǔ)充、共同合作以達(dá)成最好效果。故選C。

Thebusinessworldisoftendepictedasagladiatorialcontestwhereonlytheselfish

survive.Ifthat'swhatyouthink,thenWhartonprofessorAdamGrant'sGiveandTakeis

thenextbookforyou.ItissubtitledARevolutionaryApproachtoSuccess,whichmight

seemlikepublishinghype,butthemessageofGrant'sbookisindeedrevolutionarywhen

seenagainstthebackgroundofaworldviewthatiscommoninthebusinessworld.Think

ofthepeopleyouworkwith.Somearcprobablytotalsweeties,whileothersareonlyout

forthemselves.Whysuchindividualdifferences?Whyisn'teveryoneniceornastytoan

equaldegree?Thisisanevolutionaryquestion.Ifwethinkofnicenessandnastinessas

alternativesocialstrategiesthatcompeteagainsteachother,itturnsoutthateitherone

canwindependinguponthecircumstances.Peoplewhoemploynicestrategiessucceed

bybandingtogethertosharetheirbenefitandavoidingpeoplewhoemploynasty

strategies.It'sthatsimple.Manypeopleimplicitlythinkthatnicenessisavirtueforthe

restoflife,butwhenitcomestoplayingbusinesshardball,onlytheselfishsurvive.The

messageofGrant'sbookGiveandTakeisthatthisisn'ttrue.Grantdividespeopleinto

threebehavioralcategories;givers,matchers,andtaken;.Astheirnamesimply,giversare

sweetieswhounstintinglysharetheirtimeandtalent,seeminglyforthesheerpleasureof

it.Matcherscalibratetheirgivingtotheirtaking,andtakerstakewhatevertheycanget.

Whodoesbestplayingbusinesshardball?Itturnsoutthatthegiversdobestandworst.

Whentheysuccumbtothedepredationsoftakers,theybecomedoormatsandchumps.

Butwhentheymanagetoworkwithothergivers,theyproducespectacularwealthand

sharethecollectivebenefits.Ideologyisalensthatcolorswhatwcsee.Theideologythat

makesAynRandsuchanenduringinfluenceportraysselfishnessasavirtueandmakes

givinglooklikeaweakness.InRand'sepicnovelAtlasShrugged,theword"give"is

evenbannedfromthevocabularyofJohnGait'sUtopiancommunity.Thisworldviewis

partoftheairthatisbreathedinbusinessenvironments.GrantsaidthatWhartonstudents

areconstantlycomingintohisofficeexpressingadesiretogive,whichtheyassumemust

besuppressedintheirbusinesslivesuntiltheymakeafortune.Onlythencanthey

expresstheirdesiretogivebybecomingphilanthropists.Wcneedtoexchangelensesto

seethatgivingcansucceedasabusinessstrategyfromdayone,aslongasgiverscan

keeptheirdistancefromtakers.Businessesflourishwhentheycreatesocialenvironments

thatallownicenesstogeneratevalue,therebywinningrheDarwiniancontest.

23、BycitingthebookGiveandTake,theauthorintendsto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第二句可知，商業(yè)世界通常被描述

為一場角斗，只有自私的人才能生存。如果你也是這么想的（跟大眾一樣的想

法），那么你可以看下GireandTake這本書，說明這本書有其獨(dú)特之處，再根據(jù)

第一段最后一句中的revolutionary可知，這本書中的觀點(diǎn)是革命性的，和C項(xiàng)中

的new相對應(yīng)。故選C,

24>Grantdividespeopleintothreecategoriesto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析?：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和第二句可知，許多人認(rèn)為友善是一

種終生的美德，但當(dāng)涉及到商業(yè)競爭時，只有自私的人才能生存。格蘭特在書中所

傳達(dá)的信息是，這不是事實(shí)。接著進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究，所以研究的目的是想證明友善

也能促進(jìn)成功。故選人

25、Paragraph4showsthatWhartonstudentstendto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，給予是一種弱點(diǎn)，甚至在小說中，給

予這個詞是禁詞，根據(jù)Thisworldviewispartoftheairthatisbreathedinbusiness

environments可知，這種世界觀是商業(yè)環(huán)境中不可或缺的一部分（共識）。Grant

說沃頓商學(xué)院的學(xué)生們不斷地走進(jìn)他的辦公室，表達(dá)出一種給予的欲望，他們認(rèn)為

在他們發(fā)財之前，這種欲望必須在他們的商業(yè)生活中受到壓制。也就是說這些學(xué)生

認(rèn)為成功之前不能給予，成功給予可以通過慈善給予，但根據(jù)第五段第一句可知，

作者認(rèn)為我們必須換一種思維，給予是一種促進(jìn)成功的策略，也就是說給予促進(jìn)成

功，而不是成功之后再給予，所以說這些學(xué)生弄錯了成功和給予的關(guān)系。故選C。

26、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsGrant'sbookisoneof.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，作者認(rèn)為我們需要換個角度

來看，只要給予者能夠與接受者保持距離，給予就可以作為一種商業(yè)策略從第一天

起就取得成功。而這和Grant書中的觀點(diǎn)不謀而合，所以作者對Grant的書應(yīng)該持

支持欣賞的態(tài)度。故選A。

一、閱讀理解（本題共26題，每題1.0分，共26分。）

OURPROMISEMakingyourstayacompletesuccessisourgoal.Justletourmanager

ondutyoffront-deskstaffknowifanypartofyourstayisn'tsatisfactory.Wepromiseto

makeitrightoryouwon'tpayforthatpartofyourstay.FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyou

forgettopackanystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb）Justcallthefrontdeskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacement（替代）rightaway.

PLEASEREUSETHETOWELSWeinviteyoutojoinwithustosavewaterbyusing

yourtowels（毛巾）morethanonce.Inadditiontodecreasingwaterandenergywaste,

youcanhelpusreducetheamountofwastewaterthatmustberecycledwithinour

community.Pleasehangthetowelsupifyouwishtoparticipateintheprogram—ifnot,

simplyleavethemonthefloor.Weappreciateyourhelp!PLEASECHANGETHE

SHEETSTODAYTheProjectPlanetProgramisaneffortofthishoteltoprotectthe

environmentthroughsavingwateranddecreasingwastewater.Ifyouarestayingwithus

morethanonenight,aspartoftheProjectPlanetProgram,wewillwashyoursheets

everythreedays.Ifyouwouldprefernottoparticipateinthisprogram,simplyhangthis

cardontheoutsideofyourdoorandsheetswillbechangedrightaway.Asalwayssheets

arcautomaticallychangedaftereveryguestchecksout.Wcappreciateyourhelp!

27>Ifyouforgetyourcomb,youcan.

buyoneinthehotelshop

replaceonewithatoothbrush

C、askforonefromtheservicecenter

D^goinpersonandgetoneatthefrontdesk

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyouforgettopack

anystandardtoiletryitem(toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb),justcallthefront-deskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacementrightaway.“可

知，如果忘了帶梳子，給前臺打電話就可以免費(fèi)得到一個。故選C。

28、Leavingthetowelsonthefloormeans.

A、youwanttoparticipateintheprogram

B、youwanttheroom-maidtohangitup

C>youneedthemcollectedandwashed

D、youwanttousethemmorethanonce

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PLEASEREUSETHETOWELS中的"Pleasehang

thetowelsupifyouwishtojoinintheprogram-ifnot,simplyleavethemonthefloor."

可知，如果把毛巾放在地上，說明不同意毛巾的循環(huán)利用。故選C。

29、WhalisthePrujeulPlanetProgramtryin