PAGE1-Unit2Theenvironment模擬高考強化練練模擬Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·河南中原名校高三預(yù)料)Fromthelossofwildlifetorisingsealevels，we’reallwellawareoftheproblemsthatclimatechangecouldcause.Butwhileitmayseemlikesuchissueswon’taffectmostofusdirectly，itlookslikefuturegenerationscouldgrowupwithoutsomethingthatmanyofusnowtakeforgranted：chocolate.AccordingtoanessaypublishedbytheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration，changestotheclimateintheregionsthatproducecacao—theplantfromwhichchocolateisproduced—maymeanthatitwillsoonbecomeextinct.Mostoftheworld’scacaogrowsincountriesclosetotheequator，withoverhalfofitgrowingintheAfricannationsofGhanaandIvoryCoast.It’spredictedthatby2050，climatechangewillhaveacceleratedtherateatwhichtemperaturesinthesecountriesrise，makingitextremelydifficultforcacaotogrowthere.Theproblemdoesn’tlieinincreasedheat，however，butinlowerhumidity(濕度)，asit’sbelievedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthetemperaturerises.“Inotherwords，ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants，it’sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture(含水量)loss，”MichonScott，theessay’sauthor，wrote.Tohelpfightthisproblem，researchersfromBerkeleyUniversityintheUSareworkingonchangingtheDNAofcacaoplantstoallowthemtosurviveindryerconditionsbyusinggeneeditingtechnology，accordingtoUSNews.Inthemeantime，UScompanyMars，oneoftheworld’sbiggestmanufacturersofchocolateproducts，announcedinJanuarythatitwouldspend1billiontohelpreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.“Thisisaworldissue，anditrequireseveryonetoworktogether，”MarsspokespersonBarryParkintoldBusinessInsider.Themessagehereisthatifwealldoourpart，wemaybeabletopreventsomeoftheworstimpactsofclimatechange.Orifwe’reunlucky，chocolatewillbecomeathingofthepast.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，主要講了將來由于氣候的變更，為制造巧克力供應(yīng)原料的可可樹可能會滅亡，所以巧克力有可能會成為歷史。1．Whatcouldmakeithardforcacaotosurvivearoundtheequatorinthefuture?A．Theincreasedheatthere.B．Thehigherhumiditythere.C．Thedecreaseinrainfallthere.D．Themoisturelossinthesoilthere.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第七段可知，將來赤道旁邊的可可樹很難存活，是因為那里土壤中水分的流失，故選D。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”intheseventhparagraphmean?A．Holdback. B．Makeupfor.C．Protect. D．Accept.答案B解析詞義揣測題。由第七段可知，高溫帶走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，降雨量不行能增長到足以抵消水分流失的水平，所以“offset”的意思是“彌補，抵消”，故選B。3．WhatwillUScompanyMarsdotohelpcacaosurvive?A．Itwillworkhardtoplantcacaoingreenhouses.B．Itwillapplygeneeditingtechnologyinplantingcacao.C．Itwillgivefinancialsupporttohelpfightclimatechange.D．Itwilldevelopcacaothatcansurviveindryerconditions.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段可知，美國的火星巧克力公司將為對抗氣候變更供應(yīng)資金救濟，故選C。4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthistext?A．ChocolateCouldBecomeHistoryB．WorkTogethertoFightClimateChangeC．HowDoWeGrowCacaointheFuture?D．HowDoCacaoPlantsAffectClimateChange?答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講了將來由于氣候的變更，為制造巧克力供應(yīng)原料的可可樹可能會滅亡，所以巧克力有可能會成為歷史，故選A。Ⅱ.七選五(2024·江西新余高三模擬)Manypeoplethinkofguysasbeingcarefreewhenitcomestotheirappearance.Butinfact，alotofguysspendplentyoftimeinfrontofthemirror.Theycarejustasmuchasgirlsdoabouttheirbodyimage.Bodyimageisaperson’sopinionsandfeelingsabouthisorherownbodyandphysicalappearance.5Youappreciateyourbodyforitscapabilitiesandacceptitsimperfections.6Herearesomeideas.Recognizeyourstrengths.Differentbodytypesaregoodfordifferentthings.Whatdoesyourbodydowell?Maybeyourspeed，strength，orcoordinationmakesyoubetterthanothersatacertainsport.Thatmaybebasketball，tabletennis，mountainbiking，dancing，orevenrunning.Orperhapsyouhavenon-sportsskills，likedrawing，painting，singing，playingamusicalinstrument，writing，oracting.7Exerciseregularly.Exercisecanhelpyoulookwellandfeelgoodaboutyourself.Goodphysiques(體形)don’tjusthappen.8Ahealthyhabitcanbeassimpleasexercising20minutesto1hourthreedaysaweek.Workingoutcanalsoliftyourspirits.Respectyourbody.Practicinggoodhabits—regularshowering；takingcareofyourteeth，hairandskin；wearingcleanclothes，andsoon—canhelpyoubuildapositivebodyimage.9Yourbodyisjustonepartofwhoyouare.Yourtalentforcomedy，aquickwit(才智)，andalltheotherthingsmakeyouunique.Sotrynottoletsmallimperfectionstakeover.A．Beyourself.B．Justexploretalentsthatyoufeelgoodabout.C．So，whatcanyoudotodevelopapositivebodyimage?D．Usethisasanopportunitytodiscoverwhatyou’regoodat.E．Thegoodnewsisthatself-imageandbodyimagecanbechanged.F．Theytakehardwork，regularworkouts，andahealthydiet.G．Havingapositivebodyimagemeansfeelingsatisfiedwiththewayyoulook.語篇解讀男孩其實和女孩一樣很在意自己的形象，本文就如何才能有好的形象提出了幾點建議。5．答案G解析空前的意思是：身體形象是一個人對自己的身體和面貌特征的看法和想法。空后的意思是：你觀賞你身體的實力并接受它的不足。所以這里選G(有主動的形象意味著我們對于自己的長相是滿足的。)與上下文一樣。6．答案C解析空后的意思是：這里有一些建議。所以這里選C(所以為了發(fā)展一個健康的形象你可以做什么？)與上下文一樣。7．答案B解析空前的意思是：或許你有非運動技巧，像畫畫、唱歌、玩樂器、寫作或者表演。所以這里選B(只需探究你感覺好的天賦。)與上下文一樣。8．答案F解析空前的意思是：好的身材不會憑空就會有?？蘸蟮囊馑际牵航】档牧?xí)慣是像一周三天二非常鐘到一個小時的熬煉時間這樣簡潔。所以這里選F(好的身體須要努力、有規(guī)律的熬煉和健康的飲食。)與上下文一樣。9．答案A解析該空為段落小標(biāo)題。下文的意思是：你的身體只是你自己的一部分。不要被一些小缺點所掌控。所以這里選A(做你自己。)與上下文一樣。過高考Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·浙江)Duringthewar，myhusbandwasstationedatanarmycampinadesertinCalifornia.Iwenttolivethereinordertobe10him.Ihatedtheplace.Ihadnever11beensounhappy.Myhusbandwasorderedoutonalong-termduty，andIwasleftinatinyshack(棚屋)alone.Theheatwas12—almost125°Fevenintheshadeofacactus(仙人掌)．13asoultotalkto.Thewindblewnon-stop，andallthefoodIate，andtheveryairIbreathed，were14withsand，sand，sand!IwassosorryformyselfthatIwrotetomyparents.ItoldthemIwas15andcomingbackhome.IsaidIcouldn’tstanditoneminutelonger.I16beinprison!Myfatheransweredmy17withjusttwolines—twolinesthatwillalwayssinginmy18—twolinesthatcompletelychangedmylife：Twomenlookedoutfromprisonbars，Onesawthemud，theothersawthestars.Ireadthosetwolines19.Iwasashamedofmyself.ImadeupmymindIwouldfindoutwhatwasgoodinmypresent20；Iwouldlookforthestars.Imadefriendswiththenatives，andtheir21amazedme.Theygavemepresentsoftheirfavoriteartworkswhichtheyhad22toselltotourists.Istudiedthedelightfulformsofthecactus.Iwatchedforthedesertsunsets，and23forseashellsthathadbeenlefttheremillionsofyearsagowhenthesandsofthedeserthadbeenanocean24.Whatbroughtaboutthis25changeinme?Thedeserthadn’tchanged，26Ihad.Ihadchangedmy27.Andbydoingso，Ichangedanunhappyexperienceintothemostamazing28ofmylife.IwasexcitedbythisnewworldthatIhaddiscovered.Ihadlookedoutofmyself-createdprisonand29thestars.語篇解讀這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者講解并描述自己為了離丈夫近一些，住在他所在的沙漠的軍營里，孤獨的生活和惡劣的生存環(huán)境讓++作者難以忍受，她寫信告知父母要回家。父親給她的信中只有兩行字，就是這兩行字使作者變更了生活看法，學(xué)會了在逆境中享受生活。10．A.off B．behindC．near D．beyond答案C解析依據(jù)空格前的wenttolivethere可以看出，作者到那里住的目的是希望離丈夫近(near)一些。off離開；behind在……后面；near在……旁邊；beyond超出，遠(yuǎn)于。11．A.before B．a(chǎn)lreadyC．then D．still答案A解析依據(jù)上文運用的過去時及其次段第三句“IsaidIcouldn’tstanditoneminutelonger.”可知，作者在此之前(before)從未那么不歡樂過。before在……之前；already已經(jīng)；then然后，那么；still仍舊。12．A.inflexible B．incomprehensibleC．uncontrollable D．unbearable答案D解析由破折號后的“almost125°Fevenintheshadeofacactus(仙人掌)．”可知，即便是在仙人掌的陰涼里，這種燥熱也是讓人無法忍受的(unbearable)。inflexible缺乏彈性的，不行變更的；incomprehensible難懂的，不行理解的；uncontrollable限制不住的，無法管束的；unbearable無法忍受的，承受不住的。13．A.Only B．NotC．Many D．Such答案B解析由該段內(nèi)容可以看出，作者所居住的地方環(huán)境很惡劣，可推知空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)指這里沒有(not)作者可以與之閑聊的人。only僅僅，只有；not沒有；many很多；such那樣的。14．A.covered B．filledC．buried D．charged答案B解析becoveredwith用……覆蓋；befilledwith充溢……；beburiedwith被……掩埋；bechargedwith被指控犯……(罪)。由該句語境可以看出，無論是作者吃的食物還是呼吸的空氣，到處都充溢了(werefilledwith)沙子。15．A.catchingup B．keepingupC．givingup D．gettingup答案C解析由后面的“IsaidIcouldn’tstanditoneminutelonger.”可以看出，由于居住地惡劣的環(huán)境，作者準(zhǔn)備放棄(giveup)并準(zhǔn)備回家。catchup趕上；keepup保持，維持；giveup放棄；getup起床。16．A.oughtto B．mightwellC．wouldrather D．hadbetter答案C解析由該空所在句可知，作者在信中告知父母，她一分鐘也堅持不下去了，她寧愿(wouldrather)去蹲監(jiān)獄。oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)；mightwell有可能；wouldrather寧愿；hadbetter最好。17．A.request B．callC．question D．letter答案D解析由該段第一句中的“...Iwrotetomyparents.”可知，作者給自己的父母寫了封信。request懇求，要求；call通話，呼喚；question問題；letter信。18．Aparison B．imaginationC．consideration D．memory答案D解析由下文可以看出，作者父親的這兩行話徹底變更了作者對生活的看法，所以這兩行話總是在她的記憶(memory)里唱響。comparison對比；imagination想象；consideration考慮，愛護；memory記憶。19．A.overandover B．byandbyC．upanddown D．nowandthen答案A解析由上下文語境可知，作者收到父親的信后反復(fù)(overandover)閱讀，并為自己感到慚愧。overandover一再，反復(fù)；byandby不久，很快；upanddown上上下下，來回；nowandthen時常，時常。20．Apany B．occupationC．situation D．relationship答案C解析由上文可知，空格所在句表示作者下定決心找到自己目前境況(situation)的優(yōu)勢。company陪伴，公司；occupation工作，占用；situation境況，狀況；relationship關(guān)系。21．A.movement B．reactionC．guidance D．purpose答案B解析由該段內(nèi)容可知，作者與當(dāng)?shù)厝私粨从?，而他們把最喜愛的藝術(shù)品作為禮物送給作者。他們的反應(yīng)(reaction)讓作者感到驚訝。movement運動，活動；reaction反應(yīng)；guidance指導(dǎo)；purpose目的。22．A.refused B．failedC．managed D．happened答案A解析由上下文語境可知，當(dāng)?shù)厝藢ψ髡咦鞒龅姆磻?yīng)讓作者感到驚訝，因為他們竟然舍得將拒絕(refuse)賣給游客的藝術(shù)品當(dāng)作禮物送給作者。refuse拒絕；fail失敗，不及格；manage管理；happen發(fā)生，碰巧。23．A.asked B．huntedC．waited D．headed答案B解析各選項均可與空格后的for構(gòu)成短語。askfor懇求，要求；huntfor找尋；waitfor等待；headfor前往……。由下文中的定語從句“...thathadbeenlefttheremillionsofyearsago...”可知，作者在沙漠里找尋(huntfor)幾百萬年前遺留下來的貝殼。24．A.floor B．surfaceC．rock D．level答案A解析由空格所在句“...whenthesandsofthedeserthadbeenanocean.”可知，沙漠里的沙地曾經(jīng)是海底(floor)。floor底部，地面；surface表面；rock巖石；level水平。25．A.shocking B．challengingC．puzzling D．a(chǎn)stonishing答案D解析由上文可以看出，作者由最初的埋怨并準(zhǔn)備放棄在沙漠中的生活，到后來接受自己的境況并學(xué)會觀賞生活中的美妙可以看出，作者的變更是令人非常驚異的(astonishing)。shocking駭人的；challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；puzzling令人迷惑的。26．A.as B．butC．for D．or答案B解析由上文可以看出，沙漠沒有變更，但(but)作者發(fā)生了變更。as表緣由；but表轉(zhuǎn)折；for表緣由；or表示出現(xiàn)相反的狀況。27．A.attitude B．principleC．identity D．standard答案A解析由上文可以看出，作者由最初的不歡樂到后來學(xué)會享受沙漠生活，完全是因為自己對生活的看法發(fā)生了變更。attitude看法；principle原則；identity身份，一樣；standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。28．A.vacation B．operationC．a(chǎn)ffair D．a(chǎn)dventure答案D解析所給選項中的adventure與該句中的experience相對應(yīng)。vacation假期；operation操作，手術(shù)；affair事務(wù)，事務(wù)；adventure冒險，奇遇。29．A.sought B．countedC．found D．reached答案C解析作者將自己從最初感受到沙漠之苦到后來體驗到沙漠生活的歡樂的轉(zhuǎn)變比方為在自創(chuàng)的監(jiān)獄里發(fā)覺(find)了星星。seek找尋；count數(shù)數(shù)；find發(fā)覺；reach到達(dá)。Ⅳ.語法填空(2024·全國Ⅲ)I’mnotsure30.ismorefrightened，meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I’mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly，I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingat31.topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream，andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe32.(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoid33.(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel34.(challenge)．MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma3