1/8UNIT5單元主題訓(xùn)練課時(shí)作業(yè)(一)語(yǔ)篇閱讀訓(xùn)練——保準(zhǔn)度Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2025·南通模擬)WorkingatabankinNewYorkCityinthemid-2010s,AnnaSackswasnotlivingthelifeshewanted.Sure,shewashappy.Butshewantedtodosomethingthatfeltimportant.Somepeopleseekingmeaningmightreadaself-helpbookorperhapsvolunteerafewhoursaweek.SackspackedupherlifeandmovedtoConnecticuttoparticipateinAdamah,afarmingprogramthatfocusesonsustainablelivingandgrowingsustainablefood.WhenshereturnedtoNewYork,herlifewaswithanewpurposeandmanynewskillstomakeherdreamsareality.“OneofthethingsthatreallystuckwithmefromAdamahwashowlittlewastetheyproducedandhowtheyhandledthewastetheydidhave,primarilythroughcomposting(堆肥)，”shesays.TheAdamahprogramopenedSacks'eyestothedamageconsumercultureisdoingonalocal,national,andgloballevel,andtheneedtofindsolutions.Soin2017,shebeganwhatshecalls“trashwalking”．Duringtoursaroundhercommunity,Sackspicksthroughgarbagetolookforreusableitems.Soon,her“trashwalking”expandedtoincludecorporatetrashalongwithresidentialtrash.Surprisingly,shediscoveredawiderangeofreallygreatstuff-likeclothing,decorations,andfood—allofwhichshedocumentsonthesocialplatform.UnderthenameofTheTrashWalker,Sacksquicklygainedpopularityforhervideosthathighlighttheproblemswithconsumerism.“Therootissueisoverproduction,whichleadstooverconsumption,whichleadstoalargeamountofwaste，”shesays.Thefactis,companiesoftenchoosetotrashitemsratherthangivethemawaytopeoplewhomightneedthem.Abigreasonforthiswasteisthewayourcurrenttaxlawsarestructured,Sackssays.Sellerswhodestroygoodscanclaimthecostasalossontheirtaxesandberefunded.Iftheygiveawaygoods,theycanclaimonlyasmallamountasacharitablereductionontheirtaxes.Sacks'mainfocusissimplygettingpeopletopayattentiontohowmanyunnecessarythingstheybuyandthenthrowaway.“Onceyoubecomeawareofthewayyouconsume,youcanseewaysyouimprove，”shesays.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AnnaSacks參加農(nóng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目Adamah的經(jīng)歷。她通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)可持續(xù)生活和種植可持續(xù)食物，改變了生活目標(biāo)和技能。同時(shí)，她也希望引起人們對(duì)于過(guò)度購(gòu)買(mǎi)和浪費(fèi)的關(guān)注，從而作出改變。1．WhydidAnnaSacksleaveNewYork?A．Tolearnhowtogrowfood.B．Topursueamoremeaningfullife.C．Torealizeherdreamasavolunteer.D．Toaccepttheinvitationfromaprogram.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Workingatabank...thatfeltimportant.”以及第二段“Somepeopleseekingmeaning...growingsustainablefood.”可知，AnnaSacks離開(kāi)紐約是因?yàn)樗脒^(guò)更有意義的生活。故選B。2．WhatimpressedAnnaSacksmostabouttheAdamahprogram?A．Thesignificanceoftrashwalking.B．Thehardtruthofconsumerculture.C．Thesustainablefoodpeopleproduced.D．Thewaypeopletheredealtwiththewaste.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“‘Oneofthethings...throughcomposting(堆肥)，’shesays.”可知，那里的人們處理廢物的方式給AnnaSacks留下了最深的印象。故選D。3．Whatmakescompaniesprefertothrowoutgoodsastrash?A．Thetaxrefund.B．Thetaxreduction.C．Theoverproduction.D．Thepoorqualityofgoods.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thefactis,companies...Sackssays.Sellerswhodestroygoodscanclaimthecostasalossontheirtaxesandberefunded.”可知，退稅讓公司更愿意把商品當(dāng)垃圾扔掉。4．WhatcanwelearnfromAnnaSacks'story?A．Consumercultureaccountsforwasting.B．Corporatetrashoutweighsresidentialtrash.C．Turningtofarmingleadstosustainableliving.D．Trashwalkingisthekeytobecomingwealthy.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段并通讀全文可知，AnnaSacks的故事告訴我們，消費(fèi)文化導(dǎo)致了過(guò)度生產(chǎn)、過(guò)度消費(fèi)和大量的浪費(fèi)。BErikKobayashi-SolomonspentadaywithDrPaulGauthier,aplantphysiologistspecializinginverticalfarmingresearchandcameupwithseveralimportantideasaboutverticalfarming.Humanshave12,000yearsofexperiencegrowingfood,butonlyageneration'sorsoworthofexperiencegrowingcropsindoors.Wearestillprogressingupthetechnologylearningcurve(學(xué)習(xí)曲線).What'smore,traditionalfarmingtechniquesarebasedonconditionsthatarenotapplicabletoverticalfarming.Therefore,withouttakingtimetounderstandthescience,verticalfarmingisnotlikelytobeabletoliveuptoitsimpliedpromises.ThecostofpoweringLEDgrowlightsisoneofthebiggestproblemsaverticalfarmmustovercome.DrLouisAlbrightatCornellUniversityhascharacterizedverticalfarmsas“pie-in-the-sky”businesses.Hefamouslycalculates,forinstance,thatthecostofaloafofbreadwouldbeD|S24iffarmedindoors—thecostistoohigh.Gauthieracknowledgesthatenergypricesarehighbutpointsoutthatscientificworkhasshownthatonlyabout6%ofavailablesunlightisusedincropphotosynthesis(光合作用),sotheremaybewaysofgrowingthesameplantswithlesslight.Gauthieralsopointsoutthatwhileenergycostsareabithigh,verticalfarmingdoescreatehighefficienciesinotherareas.Waterusagemaybesignificantlyreducedbecausethesamewatercanberecycledtimeandagain.Fertilizerusecanbegreatlyreducedandpesticidesforpestcontrolareunnecessary.It'sclearthatverticalfarmingoffersrealvaluetosociety.Thefutureisprobablymixed.Insomeenvironments—theMiddleEast,forinstance—amovetoverticalfarmingisano-brainer.AnindoorfarminSaudiArabia,forinstance,canusesolarenergytopowerLEDsatlowcostwithoutshadingoutotherfarmland.Inothergeography,though,theexpenseofestablishingafacilityplacesahighbartogrowthandprofitability.Alargeverticalfarmingandequipmentoperationonlystartedgeneratingasmallprofiteightyearsintoitsnine-yearlife.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了垂直農(nóng)場(chǎng)的相關(guān)信息以及有關(guān)垂直農(nóng)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用價(jià)值的不同看法。5．WhatcanweinferaboutverticalfarminginParagraph2?A．Itwillreplacetraditionalfarmingoneday.B．Itreliesonresearchofmorebasicscience.C．Itcanbeapplicabletodifferentconditions.D．Itactuallycameintobeing12,000yearsago.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“What'smore,traditionalfarming...itsimpliedpromises.”可知，垂直農(nóng)業(yè)依賴(lài)于更多基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的研究。故選B項(xiàng)。6．WhatdoesDrAlbrightthinkofverticalfarms?A．Theyuselesslightthantraditionalones.B．Theymayseemveryunlikelytosucceed.C．Theycanovercomemanyproblemsinfarming.D．Theydonotneedanynaturalsunlightanylonger.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句可知，為L(zhǎng)ED植物生長(zhǎng)燈供電的成本是垂直農(nóng)場(chǎng)必須克服的最大問(wèn)題之一?？的螤柎髮W(xué)的路易斯·奧爾布賴(lài)特博士將垂直農(nóng)場(chǎng)描述為“空中樓閣”的生意。由此可知，奧爾布賴(lài)特博士認(rèn)為垂直農(nóng)業(yè)似乎不太可能成功。故選B項(xiàng)。7．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thewaysofreducingcostsofverticalfarming.B．Thesecretsofdevelopingverticalfarming.C．Therecenttrendofverticalfarming.D．Thebenefitsofverticalfarming.解析：選D段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，這一段講述了垂直農(nóng)業(yè)的好處。故選D項(xiàng)。8．Whyistheexampleof“anindoorfarminSaudiArabia”mentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Toshowverticalfarmingcanworkwellinsomeplaces.B．ToprovesolarenergyisvitalforfarminginSaudiArabia.C．Toconfirmtheexpenseofsettingupaverticalfarmishigh.D．Toarguevegetablesdonotneedtobeimportedanylonger.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Anindoorfarm...growthandprofitability.”可知，文中提到這一實(shí)例是為了說(shuō)明垂直農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)在某些地方可以很好地運(yùn)作。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Includingchildreninthefarminglifestylehasmanybenefits.Sure,itisnicetohavetheadditionalhelpwithchores(家庭雜務(wù)),butitalsofosterssomuchgrowth,sendingourkidsdownagoodpathtowardswhotheywillsomedaybecome.Itispossiblethatourchildrenwillgrowuptoleadlivesthatdonotincludefarming.__9__Throughcaringforfarmanimals,kidslearnthatinlifeothersoftencomebeforeself.__10__Itdoesn'tmatterifwedon'tfeellikeitorifwearesickandtired.Whatmattersisthatwetakecareoftheanimalsthattakecareofusanddosoinatimelymanner.__11__Iftheworkonafarmdoesnotgetdone,theoperationfails.Ittakesdisciplineandcommitmenttogetdowntobusinesseveryday,andseeingthisinactionwillgivekidsagoodworkattitude.Theywillknowandunderstandthatnothinggoodcomeseasyandthattheyhavetoworktosurvive.__12__Functioningaspartofaproductiveteamwillsurelybeplayingacrucialrolesoonerorlaterinallwalksoflife.Additionally,farmingteachespatience.__13__Cattlewillbedifficulttocontrol.Horseswillrunawaywhenyoutrytocatchthem.Goatswillkickoverthatbucketofhard-earnedmilk.Aroosterwilldecideyougottooclosetohishensandgiveyouarunforyourmoney.Inspiteofallthat,kidswilllearntobepatientandtakethingseasy.Theremaynotbeanyinstantreward,butinthelong-termkidswillseethebenefitofalltheireffortsduringthoseharddays.A．Atthesametime,theylearntoworkwithothers.B．Farmlifealsoteacheskidsthevalueofhardwork.C．Childrenlearntobegratefulforanimalsforeatingpurpose.D．Teamworkisnolongeranimportantskilltodevelopanduse.E．Therearegoingtobealotofdayswhenthingsdonotgoyourway.F．However,whattheylearnonafarmcanalsobeinstrumentalintheirfuturelives.G．Animalsneedtobefed,watered,andcaredforbeforewegettositdownandrelax.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了孩子們參與農(nóng)場(chǎng)生活的益處。9．選F根據(jù)本段第一句可知，讓孩子們參與到農(nóng)場(chǎng)生活中有很多好處；根據(jù)空格前一句可知，我們的孩子長(zhǎng)大后可能不再需要干農(nóng)活。下文介紹了農(nóng)場(chǎng)生活給孩子帶來(lái)的好處。F項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。10．選G根據(jù)空格前一句可知，通過(guò)照顧農(nóng)場(chǎng)里的動(dòng)物，孩子們了解到：在生活中，別人往往比自己重要。G項(xiàng)與上文緊密銜接，符合語(yǔ)境。11．選B根據(jù)空格后一句可知，如果農(nóng)場(chǎng)的工作沒(méi)有完成，活動(dòng)就是失敗的。B項(xiàng)能夠引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境。12．選A根據(jù)空格后一句可知，作為一個(gè)高效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的團(tuán)隊(duì)的一部分，遲早會(huì)在各行各業(yè)中發(fā)揮重要作用。A項(xiàng)與下文緊密銜接，符合語(yǔ)境。13．選E空格后列舉了幾個(gè)在農(nóng)場(chǎng)勞作時(shí)可能會(huì)遇到的麻煩。E項(xiàng)能夠引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境。Ⅲ.完形填空FarmingandGardeningAround540AD,JiaSixiewroteabookcalledQiminYaoshu.Itincludesadviceonthefollowing__14__：growinggreenvegetablesandfruittrees,keepinganimals,andfishinlakes.Therearealso__15__formakingwine.JiaSixie'sbookisa(n)__16__guideforfarming.Ifyousowseedsand__17__youngplantsinthefieldsatthecorrecttimeoftheyear,yourworkwillbelessand__18__willbebetter.Butifyou__19__natureanddothingsatthewrongtimeoftheyear,youwillhavetodomoreworkandtheresultswillnotbesogood.The__20__ofthesoilisalsoveryimportant.Examinethesoilonyourfarm__21__.Beforesowingorplantingcrops,youmustcleanroughgroundand__22__weeds.Letsheeporcowswalkonthelandto__23__theweedsoreatthem.Thebestharvestisreached__24__farmerschangethecropsintheirfields.Forexample,donotplantrice__25__inthesamefieldoryouwon't__26__goodcrops.Otherscientistssaidwheatshouldbeplantedwith__27__betweentheplants,butJiadidexperimentsand__28__plantingwheatclosetogetherisbetter.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了我國(guó)古代農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家賈思勰對(duì)我國(guó)古代農(nóng)業(yè)的研究和貢獻(xiàn)。他的耕種方法對(duì)我國(guó)古代農(nóng)業(yè)起了重要的指導(dǎo)作用。14．A.programs B．topicsC．subjects D．events解析：選C從語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，本句的下文介紹了一些具體的課題，如種菜、養(yǎng)動(dòng)物等，因此選subject(科目，課題)。15．A.instructions B．constructionsC．measures D．treasures解析：選Ainstructions在此處表示造酒的“指導(dǎo)，說(shuō)明”。16．A.economical B．practicalC．similar D．regular解析：選Bpracticalguide意為“切實(shí)可行的指導(dǎo)”。17．A.drop B．increaseC．grow D．throw解析：選Cgrowyoungplants意為“種植幼苗”。18．A.dreams B．endingC．hope D．results解析：選Dresult與空格前面的“yourworkwillbeless”相對(duì)應(yīng)，表示“工作投入少，而結(jié)果更好”。19．A.argueagainst B．goagainstC．competewith D．dealwith解析：選Bgoagainstnature意為“違背自然(規(guī)律)”，符合語(yǔ)境。20．A.application B．situationC．condition D．a(chǎn)ddition解析：選Ctheconditionofthesoil表示“土壤的狀況”。21．A.successfully B．carefullyC．gradually D．frequently解析：選B前句指出土壤狀況很重要，本句說(shuō)明要細(xì)心、仔細(xì)地檢查土壤，因此選carefully。22．A.remove B．pullC．kill D．reduce解析：選A本句告訴讀者，種莊稼之前需要平整土地和除草，removeweeds意為“清除雜草”。23．A.destroy B．preventC．divide D．limit解析：選A讓牛羊在地里走是為了摧毀雜草或者吃掉雜草，故選destroy。24．A.unless B．ifC．until D．when解析：選D最好的收成是當(dāng)農(nóng)民在他們的田地里換農(nóng)作物的時(shí)候。因此選when。25．A.oneafteranother B．hereandthereC．nowandthen D．yearafteryear解析：選Dyearafteryear意為“年復(fù)一年”，此處表示“不在同一塊地里年復(fù)一年地種同一種莊稼”。26．A.win B．collectC．harvest D．plant解析：選C此處表示“如果每年換種不同的莊稼就會(huì)有好收成”。harvestgoodcrops意為“收成好”。27．A.holes B．linesC．space D．balance解析：選C此處表示“種植小麥時(shí)，株與株之間要留有空間”，因此選space。28．A.showed B．meantC．intended D．decided解析：選A前面有“Jiadidexperiments”，因此后面應(yīng)是實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果“證明，表明”，因此選showed。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空Anewstudyshowsthat__1__twocountrieswiththeworld's__2__(large)populationsareleadingtheincreaseingreeningonland.Theeffectcomes__3__(main)fromambitioustreeplantingprogramsinChinaandagricultureinbothcountries.Chinaaloneaccounts__4__25%oftheglobalincreaseinleafarea,butcontainsonly6.6%ofgloballandareacoveredinvegetation(植物).ThegreeninginChinaisfromforests(42%)andcroplands(32%)．China'soutsized__5__(contribute)comesinlargepartfromprograms__6__(protect)andexpandforests.Theseprogramsweredevelopedinanefforttoreducetheeffectsofsoilerosion(侵蝕),airpollutionandclimatechange.Takenalltogether,thegreeningoftheplanetrepresentsanincreaseinleafareaofplantsandtreesequaltothearea__7__iscoveredbyalloftheAmazonrainforest.Thelandarea__8__(use)togrowcropsiscomparableinChinaandIndiaandit__9__(change)verylittlesincetheearly2,000s.Yetthecountrieshavegreatlyincreasedboththeirannualtotalgreenleafarea__10__theirfoodproduction.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了世界上兩個(gè)人口大國(guó)——中國(guó)和印度——在改善土地綠化方面處于領(lǐng)先地位，其主要原因在于中國(guó)宏偉的植樹(shù)計(jì)劃和兩國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)。1．the考查冠詞。此處特指“世界上兩個(gè)人口最多的國(guó)家”，twocountries后有介詞短語(yǔ)withtheworld's...修飾，其前要加定冠詞，故填the。2．largest考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。此處表示“世界范圍內(nèi)最多的”，故填最高級(jí)largest。3．mainly考查副詞。此空修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)comesfrom，應(yīng)用