Unit2HealthyLifestyle2.2LearningAboutLanguage不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ),表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作;在很多情況下,人們通常用it作為形式上的主語(yǔ),而把不定式移到謂語(yǔ)之后,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得平穩(wěn)一些。*ToknowsomethingaboutEnglishisonething;toknowEnglishisquiteanother.懂一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)是一回事;掌握英語(yǔ)完全是另一回事。*Itisimpossibletolearnaforeignlanguagewithoutmakingpainstakingefforts.想不下苦功就能學(xué)會(huì)一門外語(yǔ)是不可能的。一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)1.不定式具有名詞的特征,可在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。*Toknowoneselfisdifficult.人貴有自知之明。*Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessonecanget.愛與被愛是一個(gè)人能獲得的最大幸福。【名師點(diǎn)津】不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式:表示具體的某次動(dòng)作,特別是將來的動(dòng)作*Toteachyoutheusesoftheinfinitiveismyjobtoday.(表具體行為)教你們不定式的用法是我今天的工作。動(dòng)詞ing形式:表示比較抽象的、經(jīng)常性的、一般性動(dòng)作*Teachingismyjob.(表抽象行為)教學(xué)是我的工作。2.不定式和when/where/how/what/whether等連用,在句子中作主語(yǔ)。*Whethertodoithasn’tbeendecided.是否去做還沒有決定。二、it作形式主語(yǔ)句型1.Itis+形容詞+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.*Itisnecessaryforustomasteraforeignlanguage.我們有必要掌握一門外語(yǔ)。*Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.你幫助我們真是太好了?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】區(qū)別for與of(1)forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn),表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等。*It’sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門語(yǔ)言是很難的。(2)ofsb.的句型一般用表示人物的性格、品質(zhì),表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right等。*It’sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你來幫助我,真是太好了。2.Itis+a/an+名詞(如apity/ashame/apleasure/one’sduty/anhonor...)+todo...*It’sagreathonortobeinvitedtoyourbirthdayparty.很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加你的生日聚會(huì)。3.Ittakes/costs/requires/makessb./sth.todosth.*Ittookmetwohourstofinishthework.我完成那項(xiàng)工作用了兩小時(shí)。【名師點(diǎn)津】在Itis+nouse/nogood/useless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/awasteoftime/apleasure...句型中常用動(dòng)名詞形式作真正的主語(yǔ)。*Itisnousewaitingheredoingnothing.無所事事地等待是沒有用的。完成句子1.intenmonthswasagreatachievement.

10個(gè)月內(nèi)就蓋成那座樓是一個(gè)了不起的成就。2.Itisnotverygoodforyou.

抽這么多煙對(duì)你(身體)很不好。3.istoberespected.

尊重別人就是尊重自己。4.Itisnotaneasything.

精通一種語(yǔ)言是不容易的。5.Itmadeusveryangry.

聽他那樣談話我們非常氣憤。6.withthissituationreflectsone’sability.

如何應(yīng)對(duì)這種狀況反映出一個(gè)人的能力。7.Itfeelsgoodforawhile.

出來在這里待一會(huì)兒是挺舒服的。8.It’snecessarywhenyoudonotuseit.

當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候,鎖車是有必要的。9.Itonlytook(us)ayear.

完成這項(xiàng)工程只花了(我們)一年時(shí)間。10.It’skindsomuchofus.

你為我們想得那么多,真是太好了。答案：1.Topletethatbuildingintenmonthswasagreatachievement.

2.Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.

3.Torespectothersistoberespected.

4.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.

5.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat.

6.Whattodowiththissituationreflectsone’sability.

7.Itfeelsgoodtobeouthereforawhile.

8.It’snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.

9.Itonlytook(us)ayeartopletetheproject.

10.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.

AForeightyears,AlexHonnolddreamedaboutclimbingEICapitaninYosemiteNationalParkwithoutanysafetyequipment.LastSaturday,Honnold,aworldclassrockclimber,reachedthetopofthegreatrockwallonlywithhishandsandfeet.Heisthefirstpersonevertoclimbthe914meterhighrockwallaloneandwithoutropesorsafetyequipment.“Iwasprettymuchexcited,”Honnoldsaid.“Iwasprobablythehappiest.It’ssomethingthatIthoughtaboutforsolonganddreamedaboutandworkedhardfor.”Honnoldbeganpreparingforhishistoricclimbtwoyearsago.HeclimbedEICapitanwhilewearingsafetyequipmentcountlesstimes.Hetriedtomemorizeeveryholehehadtoholdandthepositionsofhisbody.Herepeatedtheclimbagainandagain,untilhefeltsureenoughtotrythesocalled“freesolo”climb.Themostdifficultpartofthetripisabout70.0.metersofftheground.Atthatpoint,theverysmallholdsintherockareonlybigenoughforathumb(拇指)tofit.“EachyearIwouldshowupanditwouldseemjustmuchtoofrightening,”hesaid.“Iwalkuptothebaseoftheclimbwithoutanyropes,itjustfeelsalittlecrazy.Goingoverthatsideofitwasthehardestpart.”O(jiān)bserverssayHonnold’sclimbhaspushedthelimitsinasportthatrequiresahighlevelofphysicalability,risktakingandmentalstrength.“Thishasneverbeendonebeforeandit’shardtoimagineanybodyeveringtowhathe’sdone,”Daunesaid.“Heistotallyaloneatthetopofhisgame.Toclimbwithoutropesinthatareana(競(jìng)技場(chǎng))requiresgreatselfcontrolandfocus.”1.HowdidHonnoldfeelbeforehestartedtoclimb?A.Excited. B.Scared. C.Happy. D.Crazy.2.WhatdidHonnolddobeforeheclimbedwithoutropes?A.Hegotthesafetyequipmentready.B.Hekepthisboyinaproperposition.C.Hetriedtorememberhowheclimbedinthepast.D.Hemadeenoughholesonthewallsofthehighrock.3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutHonnold?A.Hisclimbwasmentallyandphysicallydifficult.B.Hewasluckytoexcapefrombeinginjuredmanytimes.C.Itwasalmostimpossibleforhimtopletetheclimb.D.Hewasabletobreakawayfromhisfrightatthelastmoment.4.WhatdoesDaunethinkofHonnold?A.Heshouldbeselfcontrolled.B.Hefocusesonmountainclimbing.C.He’sdonenobetterthanothers.D.Heisworthadmiring.【答案】BCAD【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了上周六一個(gè)世界級(jí)的攀巖者AlexHonnold在沒有繩索和安全設(shè)備的情況下，只用手和腳攀登到了914米高的巖壁墻的頂端，他是第一個(gè)這樣做的人。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中““EachyearIwouldshowupanditwouldseemjustmuchtoofrightening,”hesaid.

(他說：“每年我都會(huì)去那里，但那似乎太可怕了?！?”可知，Honnold在開始攀爬之前是感到害怕的。故選B項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hetriedtomemorizeeveryholehehadtoholdandthepositionsofhisbody.

(他試圖記住每一個(gè)他必須抓住的洞和他的身體的位置。)”可知，在進(jìn)行無繩攀登之前，Honnold努力記住過去他是如何攀登的。故選C項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Themostdifficultpartofthetripisabout70.0.metersofftheground.Atthatpoint,theverysmallholdsintherockareonlybigenoughforathumb(拇指)tofit.(旅行中最困難的部分是離地面約70米。在那個(gè)時(shí)候，巖石中非常小的洞只夠容納一個(gè)拇指。)”和第六段中““EachyearIwouldshowupanditwouldseemjustmuchtoofrightening,”hesaid.“Iwalkuptothebaseoftheclimbwithoutanyropes,itjustfeelsalittlecrazy.Goingoverthatsideofitwasthehardestpart.”(他說：“每年我都會(huì)去那里，但那似乎太可怕了。”“我沒有使用任何繩索爬到底部，感覺有點(diǎn)瘋狂。翻過那一邊是最難的部分。”)”可知，Honnold的攀登在精神上和身體上都很困難。故選A項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Thishasneverbeendonebeforeandit’shardtoimagineanybodyeveringtowhathe’sdone,”Daunesaid.“Heistotallyaloneatthetopofhisgame.Toclimbwithoutropesinthatareana(競(jìng)技場(chǎng))requiresgreatselfcontrolandfocus.”(“這是以前從未有人做過的事，很難想象有人會(huì)來做他做過的事，”Daune說，“當(dāng)他處于巔峰時(shí)，他是完全孤獨(dú)的。在那個(gè)地區(qū)不使用繩索就能爬上去需要很強(qiáng)的自控力和專注力?！?”可知，Daune認(rèn)為Honnold是值得欽佩的。故選D項(xiàng)。BMaybenooneforgetstheirfirstbicycleandthereisnoexceptiontoawomanlikeme.MinewasaSchwinncoasterbike,secondhand,paintedadistinctiveredandyellowbyitspreviousowner.IrememberridingtoofastdownthebighillonSpringfieldAvenue.Iknewatoncethattheworldwasminetoexplore.Acoupleofyearslater,whenIwas11,mygrandmothervisitedfromEngland,bringingmeabike.Itwasashinydarkgreen,withthreegears(齒輪)andhandbrakes.AstheownerofthefirstEnglishbicyclemyneighborshadeverseen,Iwas,foratime,almostastar.Unlikemycoasterbike,itwaslightandresponsive—ridingitfeltlikeflying.Irodeitpastbigstonehouseswiththeirhugeyardsandtrees.Irodepastbrickrowhouses.Irodealoneandwithgroupsoffriends.Thatbelovedbikewentwithmetocollege,carryingmetothelibraryandtoclasses.Beyondtransport,itwasoftenaprop(道具):pushingitalongasIwalkedthecollegepathsmademefeellessselfconscious.Somehow,conversationflowedmoreeasilyoneithersideofabike.Aftercollege,Ilivedabroadforatime.ReturningfromLondon,Idiscoveredtomyhorrorthatmyparentshadsoldmybike.Theydidn’tevenknowwhohadboughtit.Foryearsafterthat,Ididn’thaveabicyclethatwasspecificallymine.TeachinginaNewEnglandprepschool,Isimplyrodewhateverbikesitsgraduateshadleftbehind.Irodearoundthelittletownonbikeswhichslippedinandoutofgear,withbrakesthatoftenfailed.IdidnottakeanyofthosebikeswithmewhenImovedsouthtothecoastaltownwhereInowlive.ButafterawhileImissedriding.Finally,onafallday,Iboughtabicycle.Calledafortbike,ithaswidertiresthanmyoldbikeandsevengears.Butitisgreen—abrightergreenbike.Still,Iwasabitapprehensive.Iwasoutofpracticeandalotolder.Ibroughtthebikehomeandputonmyhelmet—I’dneverwornahelmetbefore.ThenIgotonthebike.Afteratentative,slightlyshakystart,IfellexactlyasIwasonthatlongagodayonSpringfieldAvenue:free.SoonIwasridingalong.ItseemedthateveryoneIpassedsmiledandwavedorcallout,greatdayforabikeride!AndIknewtheyallrememberedtheirfirstbikeandhowithadsetthemfree.Iwantedtocallbacktothem,“Istillcan!”5.Accordingtothearticle,theauthor’sbelovedbike________.A.wasaredandyellowcoasterbikeB.madehertheenvyofallherfriendsC.washerbirthdaygiftfromhergrandmotherD.madehershyandawkwardattimesatcollege6.WhilepushingtheEnglishbikealong,theauthor________.A.feltbored B.feltspecialC.becametalkative D.becamelostinthought7.Whenshewasteachingataprepschool,theauthor________.A.didn’tlikeheroncebelovedbikeB.gotoutofthehabitofridingbikesC.lovedexploringthelittletownbyridingaroundD.rodebikesthathadbeenremendedtoherbygraduates8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“apprehensive”inParagraph6mean?A.Dissatisfied. B.Excited. C.Shocked. D.Fearful.9.Whatwastheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A.Todescribethedifferentbikesshehasbeenridingalone.B.Torecallthejoyandfreedomshehasenjoyedthankstoriding.C.Toinformusofthefunandbenefitsofridingbikeswithothers.D.Totellusabouthowshegrewupthroughherridingexperiences.【答案】BCCDB【解析】本文為一篇記敘文。作者熱愛騎自行車，通過騎行她感受到了人們的溫暖，感受到了自由。作者回憶了騎行給自己帶來的快了。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“AstheownerofthefirstEnglishbicyclemyneighborshadeverseen,Iwas,foratime,almostastar.(當(dāng)我的鄰居第一次看到一輛英國(guó)自行車時(shí)，我?guī)缀醭闪艘活w明星)”推知，他的朋友們很羨慕他。故選B。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Beyondtransport,itwasoftenaprop(道具):pushingi