海事文化英語(yǔ)教程

Chinese

Admiral

in

the

Indian

Ocean

GulfandStraitsinChinaABUnit5TextAPre-readingActivities1UnderstandingtheText2DetailedStudyoftheText3Exercises4Translationofthetext5UnitProject61Pre-readingActivitiesWhowasZhengHeandwhatwerehis

accomplishmentsduringtheMingDynasty?2HowdidZhengHe’svoyagespromoteinternationalrelationsandworldpeace?3WhatservesasevidenceofZhengHe’sopen-mindednessandrespectforotherculturesduringhistravels?

WatchthevideoGiraffe’sjourneyfromAfricatoChina:GreatestexplorerZhengHeandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhowasZhengHeandwhatwerehis

accomplishmentsduringtheMingDynasty?

2.HowdidZhengHe’svoyagespromoteinternationalrelationsandworld

peace?Pre-readingActivities3.WhatservesasevidenceofZhengHe’sopen-mindednessandrespectforotherculturesduringhistravels?

Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

Giraffe'sjourneyfromAfricatoChina:GreatestexplorerZheng

In1405MingDynastyEmperorYonglecommendedhisfavoriteeunuchZhengHe,“Ihavepreparedforyougiganticcarriersandgifts,gooverseastomakenewfriends,andalsofindmymissingnephew.”

So,ZhengHebeganexchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries,displayingpowerandfriendship.Butnotinvadingnorcolonizinganyotherstates.Instead,ZhengHebecamethenavigationkingwhoguardedworldpeace.Here'sthestory…Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

Thegiganticcarrierscalled“treasureships”,were138meterslong,56meterswide,with1,100tonsofdisplacement.Therewere64treasureships.

Amongtheentirefleetof260shipsmannedby28thousandseamen.NearlytwicethesizeofTaipeiArena!That‘swhytheChinesearetheNo.1shipbuildersintheworld.Withthecompass,navigationmaps,andcannonsonboard,rampandaggressivepirateswereeasilydefeated.AllofthecountriesrespectedtheMing

Emperorandpeacefullywelcomedthefleet.Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

It'sworthmentioningthatZhengHe,ofArabicdescent,wasamuslim.YethecarriedourseagoddessMaZuabroad.Thisproveshewasopen-mindedtootherreligions.In1408,ZhengHetraveledtoCeylon.Withoutpreaching,norcolonization,hedonated37.5kilogramsofgold,187.5kilogramsofsilver,andmanyotherpreciousgiftstoBuddhisttemples.Withsucharespectfulandbroad-mindedattitude,nowonderZhengHewaswelcomedeverywherehevisited.Onegoodturndeservesanother.TheambassadorsofdifferentcountrieslovedtovisitChina.Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

Theyevenbroughtgiraffes,sacredunicorns,allthewayfromAfrica.Crazy!GiraffesweremuchrarerthanaJapanese-madecompressor.Thispleasedtheemperor,sotoexpresshisgratitude,theambassadorreceivedevenmorevaluabletreasuresinreturn.Whatagooddeal!Howgreattohavesuchagenerousuncle!ContrarytopopularopinionthatEuropeanexplorationinthe15thcenturydominatedworlddiscovery,theChinesehadalreadyexploredtheworldalmostahundredyearsearlierthantheWest.

Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

Calicut,akingdominsouthwestIndia,hadcontactwithbothZhengHeandthePortuguese.ZhengHebroughttheCalicutkinghisfavorites.Thetwocountriessetupatablettosymbolizetheirfriendship.However,whenthePortuguesevisitedCalicutin1498,theyonlybroughtcheapthings,likesweetsandhoneytotrickthelocals.It'snoteasymaintainingfriendshipswithothercountries.ThetotaldistanceZhengHetraveledduringhissevenmissionswasmorethanseventythousandnauticalmiles,equivalenttothreeandahalftimesaroundtheentireglobe.Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

TheseexpeditionsmadeZhengHetheoneandonlynavigationkinginChinesehistory.Hismissioniscalled“ZhengHe’sgreatvoyages.”O(jiān)h!Ialmostforgot…there'sarumorthatZhengHetraveledtotheAmericancontinent,aswell.Formoreexcitingadventurestories,checkouttheinformationbelow.

Pre-readingActivitiesUnderstandingtheTextAnswerthefollowingQuestions.1.WhateventsimplythatMaHegainedEmperorYongle’srecognitionandtrust?2.HowdoestheauthordescribeEmperorYongle,andwhy?3.WhydidEmperorYongleordertheconstructionofalargefleetofships?4.WhendidZhengHe’ssevenvoyagestakeplace?5.

HowmanyshipswereinZhengHe’sfleetonthefirst

voyages

?UnderstandingtheTextAnswerthefollowingQuestions.6.

Whatseemstobeemperor’spurposefortheexpedition?

7.Accordingtotheinscription,whatistheresultofusingmilitaryforcetowardsbarbariankingswhoresistedtransformationandwerenotrespectful?8.Whyweretheexpensiveexpeditionshaltedsuddenly?TextAChineseAdmiralintheIndianOcean

1Intheearly1400s,ZhengHeledthelargestshipsintheworldonsevenvoyagesofexplorationtothelandsaroundtheIndianOcean,demonstratingChineseexcellenceatshipbuildingandnavigation.Background

2

ZhengHewasbornin1371inYunnan.Asachild,ZhengHewasnamedMaHe.MaHe’sfatherwasaminorofficialintheMongolEmpireandkilledbytheMingsoldiers.MaHewascapturedandhandedovertobeaeunuchinthehouseholdoftheemperor’sfourthson,ZhuDi.

3

MaHeandZhuDispentalotoftimetogethercampaigningonhorsebackontheMongoliansteppe.MaHegrewunusuallytallandstrongandbecameaskilledfighterandbraveleader.WhenthefirstMingemperordied,hisgrandsonsucceededhim.In1402,ZhuDitookthethronefromhisnephewbyforceandproclaimedhimselfEmperorYongle.HemadehiscompanionMaHethedirectorofpalaceservants,andchangedMa’snametoZhengHeincommemorationofhisroleinbattlestowinthethrone.TheSevenVoyages

4

Yongleprovedextremelyambitious.HebuiltanewimperialcapitalinBeijing,includingtheForbiddenCity,andextendedtheGreatWall.SincehewasdeterminedtocontroltradingintheIndianOcean,oneofhisfirstactswastocommissiontheconstructionof3,500ships,withZhengHesupervisingtheconstructionandthencommandingthefleet.

5Someoftheseshipswerethelargestmarinecrafttheworldhadeverknown.ZhengHe’snine-mastedflagshipmeasuredabout400feetlong;forcomparison,ChristopherColumbus’sSantaMariameasuredjust85feet.Onthefirstvoyage,from1405to1407,62nine-masted“treasureships”ledtheway,followedbyalmost200othershipsofvarioussizes,carryingpersonnel,horses,grain,and28,000armedtroops.

6ZhengHe’sinitialtriptookhimfromtheSouthChinaSeathroughtheIndianOceantoCalicut,India,andback.Theemperor’spurposeforthisexpeditionseemstohavebeentoobtainrecognitionandgiftsfromotherrulers.Thevoyagersdidnotintendtoconquerorcolonize,buttheywerepreparedtousemilitaryforceagainstthosewhorefusedtorespectthem.

7FivemorevoyagesfollowedbeforeEmperorYongle’sdeathin1424;theyincludedexcursionstoHormuz—theArabportatthemouthofthePersianGulf—andthecoastofeasternAfrica,fromwhichHereturnedwithgiraffes,zebras,andotheritemsunfamiliartotheChinese.

8Onhisseventhandfinalvoyage,from1431to1433,ZhengHeapparentlydiedatseaandwaslikelyburiedoffthecoastofIndia,althoughsomeofhisdescendantsbelievethathemadeitbacktoChinaanddiedsoonafterhisreturn.InscribingHisAdventures

9Leavingonhisfinalvoyage,atage60—thetraditionalChineseageofreflection—ZhengHestoppedattwoplacesinChinatohavegranite

inscriptionsplacedsothathisdeedswouldbeunderstoodandnotforgotten.

10ThesetabletswereerectedinLiujiagang(nowLiuhe),aportontheYangtzeRiver,andatChangle,inFujianprovince.

11InthefirstinscriptionZhengHedescribeshisdependenceonTianfei(“HeavenlyPrincess”),thegoddessofChinesesailors:12Whenwemetdanger,onceweinvokedthedivinename,heranswertoourprayerwaslikeanecho;……Thisisthegeneraloutlineofthegoddess’smerit...Whenwearrivedattheforeigncountries,barbariankingswhoresistedtransformationandwerenotrespectfulwecapturedalive,andbanditsoldierswholootedandplunderedrecklesslyweexterminated.Becauseofthisthesea

routesbecamepureandpeacefulandtheforeignpeoplescouldrelyuponthemandpursuetheiroccupationsinsafety.Allofthiswasduetotheaidofthegoddess.

13Onthesecondinscription,whichfollowsbelow,ZhengHeexplainsthepurposeofthevoyagesandhisgratitudetotheseagoddess:

14

Ifmenservetheirprincewithutmostloyalty,thereisnothingtheycannotdo,andiftheyworshipthegodswithutmostsinceritythereisnoprayerthatwillnotbeanswered...

15We,[Zheng]Heandtherest,havebeenfavoredwithagraciouscommissionfromourSacredPrincetoconveytothedistantbarbariansthefavor[earnedbytheir]respectfulnessandgoodfaith.Whileincommandofthepersonnelofthefleet,and[responsibleforthegreat]amountofmoneyandvaluables[our]oneconcernwhilefacingtheviolenceofthewindsandthedangersofthenightswasthatwewouldnotsucceed.Wouldwethenhaveservedthenationwithutmostloyaltyandworshippedthedivineintelligencewithutmostsincerity?Noneofuscoulddoubtthatthiswasthesourceofaidandsafetyforthefleetinitscomingsandgoings.Therefore,wehavemademanifestthevirtueofthegoddesswiththisinscriptiononstone,whichrecordstheyearsandmonthsofourgoingtoandreturningfromtheforeign[countries]sothattheymayberememberedforever.TheLegacyofZhengHe’sAdventures16

ThevoyagesofZhengHeareafavoritetopicofworldhistorianstoday.TheyshowthatChineseshipscouldhaveruledtheIndianOceanformanymoreyearsandpossiblybeenabletosailtotheAmericas.17

Afterthefinalvoyage,theChineseemperorsuddenlyorderedthattheseexpensiveexpeditionsbehalted.Theshipswerelefttorotintheharbors,andcraftsmenforgothowtobuildsuchlargeships,lettingtheknowledgeslipaway.TheConfucianministerswhoadvisedtheemperordistrustedtheeunuchs,whosupportedthevoyages.NewmilitarythreatscamefromtheMongolsinthenorthandtheministersarguedthatresourcesneededtofocusonlanddefensesthereinstead.

18Threefirsthandaccountssurvive,writtenbymenwhosailedwithZhengHe—twofromofficersandonefromatranslator.Eventually,Chineseinterestintheseaccountsrevivedinthe20thcentury.Priortothat,ZhengHe’sexploitswerepassedonbystorytellerswhousedthemasasourceofwonder,blendingthemwithotherfantastictales.UnderstandingtheTextAnswerthefollowingQuestions.

1.WhateventsimplythatMaHegainedEmperorYongle’srecognitionandtrust?

HemadeMaHethedirectorofpalaceservants(similartoachiefofstaff),andchangedMa’snametoZhengHeincommemorationofhisroleinbattlestowinthethrone.2.

HowdoestheauthordescribeEmperorYongle,andwhy?Yongleprovedextremelyambitious.HebuiltanewimperialcapitalinBeijing,andextendedtheGreatWall,andalsointendedtocontroltradingintheIndianOcean.

UnderstandingtheTextAnswerthefollowingQuestions.3.WhydidEmperorYongleordertheconstructionofalargefleetofships?BecausehewasdeterminedtocontroltradingintheIndianOcean.

4.WhendidZhengHe’ssevenvoyagestakeplace?From1405to1433.

5.HowmanyshipswereinZhengHe’sfleetonthefirstvoyages?Therewereabout262shipsintotal,including62nine-masted“treasureships”andalmost200othershipsofvarioussizes.UnderstandingtheTextAnswerthefollowingQuestions.6.Whatseemstobeemperor’spurposefortheexpedition?Theemperor’spurposeforthisexpeditionseemstohavebeentoobtainrecognitionandgiftsfromotherrulers.7.Accordingtotheinscription,whatistheresultofusingmilitaryforcetowardsbarbariankingswhoresistedtransformationandwerenotrespectful?Thesearoutesbecamepureandpeacefulandtheforeignpeoplescouldrelyuponthemandpursuetheiroccupationsinsafety.UnderstandingtheTextAnswerthefollowingQuestions.8.Whyweretheexpensiveexpeditionshaltedsuddenly?TheConfucianministerswhoadvisedtheemperordistrustedtheeunuchs,whosupportedthevoyages.NewmilitarythreatscamefromtheMongolsinthenorthandtheministersarguedthatresourcesneededtofocusonlanddefensesthereinstead.

UnderstandingtheTextMarkthefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F).()1.ZhengHewasaMongoliansohewasparticularlytallandstrong.

()2.EmperorYonglerenamedMaHeasZhengHetorewardhiscontributioninbattlestowinthethrone.()3.Theworld-leadingshipbuildinginQingDynastyhadsignificantlypromotedZhengHe’sgreatvoyages.()4.EmperorYonglewasaggressiveanddeterminedtoconquertheneighboringcountriesbymilitaryforce.FTFF()5.OnZhengHe’sfirstvoyage,theysailedtothePersianGulfandthecoastofAfrica.()6.Someeye-openinganimalssuchasgiraffesandzebraswerebroughtbacktoChinabefore1424.()7.ThetwoinscriptionsweresetuptocommemorateZhengHe’sexpeditionswhenhereturnedfromtheseventhvoyages..()8.EvidencesshowthatZhengHe’sfleethadtraveledtotheAmerica.

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混合G.奪取皇位H.采用武力CDGHABFEPhrasesandExpressionsDetailedStudytheTextMaHe’sfatherwasaminorofficialintheMongolEmpireandkilledbytheMingsoldiers.MaHewascapturedandhandedovertobeaeunuchinthehouseholdoftheemperor’sfourthson,ZhuDi.

馬和的父親是蒙古帝國(guó)的一名小官，后戰(zhàn)死于與明兵的疆場(chǎng)。馬和被俘虜后，成為四子朱棣的太監(jiān)。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText2.HemadehiscompanionMaHethedirectorofpalaceservants(similartoachiefofstaff),andchangedMa’snametoZhengHeincommemorationofhisroleinbattlestowinthethrone.他任命同伴馬和為宮中侍郎（類似于參謀長(zhǎng)），并將馬和改名為鄭和，以紀(jì)念他協(xié)助其贏得皇位。

UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText3.Theemperor’spurposeforthisexpeditionseemstohavebeentoobtainrecognitionandgiftsfromotherrulers.皇帝這次派遣出征的目的，似乎是為了得到其他統(tǒng)治者的認(rèn)可和饋贈(zèng)。

UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText4.Leavingonhisfinalvoyage,atage60—thetraditionalChineseageofreflection—ZhengHestoppedattwoplacesinChinatohavegraniteinscriptionsplacedsothathisdeedswouldbeunderstoodandnotforgotten.鄭和在啟程前往最后一次航行時(shí)，他60歲——中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的自我反思的年紀(jì)——鄭和在中國(guó)的兩個(gè)地方刻錄了花崗巖銘文，這樣他的事跡就會(huì)被理解而不是被遺忘。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText5.Theshipswerelefttorotintheharbors,andcraftsmenforgothowtobuildsuchlargeships,lettingtheknowledgeslipaway.船只任由在港口腐爛，工匠們也忘卻如何建造大型船只，知識(shí)漸漸消亡。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheTextIII.Completethefollowingsentencesbyselectingappropriatewordsfromthewordbank.Changetheformwherenecessary.exploitexcellence

colonizeinvoke

commissionplunderexterminaterevive

manifest

proclaim

1.

Whatisbeingdonetostopemployersfrom__________youngpeople?2.

Theeconomyisbeginningto________.3.Socialtensionswere____________intherecentpoliticalcrisis.4.Thehospitalisrecognizedasacenterof_________inresearchandteaching.

exploitingrevive

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5.ThefirstBritishattemptto________Irelandwasinthetwelfthcentury.6.Thepresident____________astateofemergency.7.She_________severaleminentscholarstobackupherargument.8.Publishershave_____________aFrenchtranslationofthebook.

colonize

proclaimed

invoked

commissioned

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9.Thetroopscrossedthecountry,___________andlootingastheywent.10.Theyhavearealfearthatthey'llbe____________intheongoingcivilwar.

Exercises

plunderingexterminatedIV.FillintheblanksinthefollowingpassagebyselectingappropriatewordsfromtheWordBank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsmorethanonce.ExercisesA.impressedB.emperor

C.routes

D.voyagesE.display

F.courtG.routineH.impressiveI.admiralJ.spurredK.maritimeL.admireM.establishN.demonstratedO.commanded

ZhengHe’sintegrity,knowledgeofIslam,anddiplomatic,military,and1skillshelpedmakethevoyagesagreatsuccess.ZhengHe2thelargestandmostadvancedfleettheworldhadeverseen.Thevoyageswereintendedto3China’spowerandcultureandbringforeigntreasuresbacktotheMingcourt.ZhengHesetsailonhisfirstvoyagein1405,commandingsome27,800men.

ZhengHe’sfirsttwovoyagesfollowedfamiliartrade4toSoutheastAsiaandIndia.Therulersheencounteredwere5byhisdiplomaticskillsandtheelaborateKOEA.ImpressedB.emperorC.routesD.voyagesE.displayF.courtG.routineH.impressiveI.admiralJ.spurredK.maritimeL.admireM.establishN.demonstrateO.commandedExercisesCKgiftshebroughtthem.TheyagreedtosendambassadorstotheMingcourt.DuringthefirstvoyageZhengHecapturedafamousChinesepirate,Che’enTsu-i,whohadbeenplunderingtheMalaccaStraits.Thisfeataddedtohisreputationas6andmilitaryleader.

ZhengHewasthemostimportantdiplomatandadmiralintheYonglecourt.Althoughhisvoyagesdidnot7richtradingempires,theydidextendtheinfluenceofChinathroughoutthe“WesternOceans”andintoeasternAfrica.IMA.ImpressedB.emperorC.routesD.voyagesE.displayF.courtG.routineH.impressiveI.admiralJ.spurredK.maritimeL.admireM.establishN.demonstrateO.commandedExercisesManyChinese,8bystoriesofdistantlands,emigratedtoareasvisitedbyZhengHe.ZhengHe’sarmadaof317shipsrankedasthelargestintheworlduntilmoderntimes.FollowingZhengHe’sdeath,theXuande9movedtoisolateChinaandbannedallfurtherexpeditions.AllofZhengHe’sshipsweredestroyedalongwithmostoftherecordsoftheseven10.OnlyrecentlyhavetheChinesebeguntocelebratethehistoricexploitsofZhengHeandhisimpressivearmada.

JBA.ImpressedB.emperorC.routesD.voyagesE.displayF.courtG.routineH.impressiveI.admiralJ.spurredK.maritimeL.admireM.establishN.demonstrateO.commandedExercisesD點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本V.Theprefix“out-”canbeattachedtoverbsandnounstoformnewtransitiveverbs,withthemeaningofsurpassing;oraddedtoverbstoformnewnouns,adjectivesandadverbs.Forexample:

last－outlastburst－outburstnumber－outnumberlive－outlivegrow－outgrow Thesuffix“-ence/ance”isakindofsuffixformwhichcanbeaddedtoverbsoradjectivestoformnewnouns,withthemeaningof“actionorstateof…”.Forexample:resemble－resemblanceintelligent－intelligencecomply－compliancereside－residencecompetent－competenceNowlearnthewordsinthewordbankandcompletethefollowingsentenceswiththem.Changetheformwherenecessary.Exercisesintelligenceresidenceoutgrowcomplyoutlastcompetenceoutnumberresemblanceoutliveoutburst點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本1.Fivepeoplewerereportedkilledtodayinafresh_________ofviolence.2.Insometraditionalprofession,women____________menbytwotoone.3.Thefactorywasforcedtocloseforfailingin___________withgovernmentsafetyregulations.4.Inouruniversity,allsinglefull-timestudentsmustliveinuniversity_________halls.5.WearealwaysshowninTVseriesthatany_____________toactualpersons,placesoreventsispurelycoincidental.outburstoutnumbercomplianceresidenceExercisesresemblancetakeoffpipefitterhomesickstate-ownedraincoatofflineoff-dutywarehouseoffseasonoffshore點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本6.Thesenaturallydriedflowerswill_________abunchoffreshblooms.7.Evidenceshowsthatthereisanewtendencyforwomento_________theirhusbands.8.Mostadultsdonotfeel___________todealwithamedicalemergencyinvolvingachild.9.Somelawfirmsnowuseartificial_____________softwaretoscanandreadmountainsoflegaldocuments,workthatpreviouslywasperformedbyhighly-paidhumanlawyers.10.She_________herclothessorapidlythathermotheralwayshadtobuynewonesforher.

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outgrewExercisesoutlastintelligenceresidenceoutgrowcomplyoutlastcompetenceoutnumberresemblanceoutliveoutburstAfrica.

Intheearly1400s,ZhengHeledthelargestshipsintheworldonsevenvoyagesofexplorationtothelandsaroundtheIndianOcean,demonstratingChineseexcellenceatshipbuildingandnavigation.

公元1400年代初期，鄭和率領(lǐng)世界上最大的船只七次下海探索印度洋周邊領(lǐng)域，展示了中國(guó)在造船和航海方面的卓越水平。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises2.SincehewasdeterminedtocontroltradingintheIndianOcean,oneofhisfirstactswastocommissiontheconstructionof3,500ships,withZhengHesupervisingtheconstructionandthencommandingthefleet.

由于他決心控制印度洋的貿(mào)易，他的第一個(gè)行動(dòng)就是委托建造3500艘船只，由鄭和監(jiān)督建造，并指揮艦隊(duì)。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises3.TheZhengHe’sinitialtriptookhimfromtheSouthChinaSeathroughtheIndianOceantoCalicut,India,andback.鄭和的第一次遠(yuǎn)征是從南中國(guó)海穿過印度洋，到達(dá)印度卡利卡特，然后返回。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises4.Thevoyagersdidnotintendtoconquerorcolonize,buttheywerepreparedtousemilitaryforceagainstthosewhorefusedtorespectthem.航行者們無(wú)意征服或殖民，但他們準(zhǔn)備對(duì)傲慢無(wú)禮的人使用武力。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises5.Priortothat,ZhengHe’sexploitswerepassedonbystorytellerswhousedthemasasourceofwonder,blendingthemwithotherfantastictales.在此之前，鄭和的功績(jī)被說(shuō)書人傳頌，他們將其作為奇跡的源泉，并與其它奇幻故事融為一體。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.ExercisesVII.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

鄭和是永樂宮廷最重要的外交官和海軍上將。雖然他的航行沒有建立起富裕的貿(mào)易帝國(guó)，但確實(shí)將中國(guó)的影響力擴(kuò)展到了整個(gè)“西洋”并進(jìn)入了東非。許多中國(guó)人受到遙遠(yuǎn)國(guó)度故事的鼓舞，移居到鄭和到過的地方。鄭和的艦隊(duì)擁有317艘艦船，一直是近代世界上最大的艦隊(duì)。鄭和去世后，宣德皇帝開始孤立中國(guó)并禁止所有進(jìn)一步的遠(yuǎn)征。鄭和的所有船只連同七下西洋的大部分記錄都被摧毀了。ExercisesVII.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.ZhengHewasthemostimportantdiplomatandadmiralintheYonglecourt.Althoughhisvoyagesdidnotestablishrichtradingempires,theydidextendtheinfluenceofChinathroughoutthe“WesternOceans”andintoeasternAfrica.ManyChinese,spurredbystoriesofdistantlands,emigratedtoareasvisitedbyZhengHe.ZhengHe’sarmadaof317shipsrankedasthelargestintheworlduntilmoderntimes.FollowingZhengHe’sdeath,theEmperorXuandemovedtoisolateChinaandbannedallfurtherexpeditions.AllofZhengHe’sshipsweredestroyedalongwithmostoftherecordsofthesevenvoyages.Exercises點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本

在印度洋的中國(guó)海軍上將

公元1400年代初期，鄭和率領(lǐng)世界上最大的船只七次下海探索印度洋周邊領(lǐng)域，展示了中國(guó)在造船和航海方面的卓越水平。

背景

鄭和于1371年出生于云南。鄭和小時(shí)候叫馬和。馬和的父親是蒙古帝國(guó)的一名小官，后戰(zhàn)死于與明兵的疆場(chǎng)。馬和被俘虜后，成為四子朱棣的太監(jiān)。

馬和和朱棣在蒙古大草原上騎馬征戰(zhàn)的時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)。馬和長(zhǎng)得異常高大強(qiáng)壯，成為了一位精明的戰(zhàn)士和勇敢的領(lǐng)袖。明朝第一位皇帝死后，他的孫子繼位。1402年，朱棣從侄子手中奪取皇位，稱為永樂帝。他任命同伴馬和為宮中侍郎（類似于參謀長(zhǎng)），并將馬和改名為鄭和，以紀(jì)念他協(xié)助其贏得皇位。TranslationofTextA七次遠(yuǎn)航

永樂雄心勃勃。他在北京建造了包括紫禁城在內(nèi)的新帝都，并擴(kuò)建了長(zhǎng)城。由于他決心控制印度洋的貿(mào)易，他采取的第一個(gè)行動(dòng)就是委托建造3500艘船只，由鄭和監(jiān)督建造，并指揮艦隊(duì)。

其中一些船只是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上已知的最大的海洋船只。鄭和的九桅旗艦長(zhǎng)約400英尺；相比之下，哥倫布的圣瑪麗亞號(hào)只有85英尺。鄭和的第一次下西洋是從1405年到1407年，有62艘九桅“寶船”開路，后面還有近200艘大小不一的船只，載有人員、馬匹、糧食和28000名武裝部隊(duì)。

鄭和的第一次遠(yuǎn)征是從南中國(guó)海穿過印度洋，到達(dá)印度卡利卡特，然后返回?；实圻@次派遣出征的目的，似乎是為了得到其他統(tǒng)治者的認(rèn)可和饋贈(zèng)。航行者們無(wú)意征服或殖民，但他們準(zhǔn)備對(duì)傲慢無(wú)禮的人使用武力。TranslationoftheT