2015”,外研社杯，全國英語閱讀大賽?，樣題

一、2015年，“外研社杯，全國英語閱讀大賽”比賽內(nèi)容包含四個環(huán)節(jié)：

PartIReadandKnow（讀以明己）

PartIIReadandReason（讀以察世）

PartIIIReadandQuestion（讀以啟思）

PartIVReadandCreate（讀以言志）

二、比賽樣題僅為2015年閱讀大賽賽題的內(nèi)容和形式樣例，并非完整試卷。

三、大賽的模擬賽、復(fù)賽和決賽都將包含樣題的四個環(huán)節(jié)，但各環(huán)節(jié)的賽題內(nèi)容和形

式會根據(jù)不同階段有所變化。

四、大賽的初賽由參賽學(xué)校參考樣題內(nèi)容自行命題，組委會不做硬性規(guī)定。

五、“PartIReadandKnow（讀以明己）”部分不計成績，根據(jù)參賽選手答題情況給予

個性化反饋。

六、“PartVIReadandCreate（讀以言志）”部分，組委會將在賽前公布大賽推薦閱讀

書單。

比賽樣題：

PartIReadandKnow

Inthispart,youwillreadsomequestionsaboutyourabilitiesorpersonalities.Readas

fast

asyoucanandchoosetheanswerthatyouthinkbestdescribesyourself.

AreYouCharismatic?

Charismaisthemagneticpowerthatattractspeopletoyou.Itwon'taffectthequalityof

yourworkorprovideyouwithwonderfuloriginalideas,butitremainsoneofthemostvital

talentsifyouwanttomakcitbiginlife.Ifpeoplewhodon'tevenunderstandwhatyou'retalking

aboutbelievethatyouareagenius,youwillhavemadeit.Thefollowingtestwilldecidewhether

you'vegotwhatittakes.

1)Dopeoplefindthemselvesattractedtoyou?

A.Yes,itcanbeembarrassingsometimes.

B.No,nomorethanotherpeople.

C.Isupposetheydoabit.

2)Doyoufindthatpeopleagreewithyouregardlesscfthequalityofyourarguments?

A.No,never.

B.Notthatoften.

C.Allthetime.

3)WouldyouIniditca^yallraclfulluwcrs?

A.No,notatall.

B.Notveryeasy.

C.Yes,it'sreallynoproblem.

4)Doyoufindcasualacquaintancesopenupandtellyoutheirlifestoriesinintimatedetail?

A.Occasionally.

B.Never.

C.Happensallthetime.SometimesIjustcan'tgetaway.

PartIIReadandReason

Inthispart,youwillreadtextsofdifferentformsandgenres.Readthe

instriictionscarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonyourcomprehension,analysisand

inferencesofthetexts.

1.Amongthefourstatementsbelow,onestatementisthemainpoint,andtheother

threearespecificsupportforthepoint.IdentifythemainpointwithPandthespecific

supportwithS.

___A.Hungrybearssearchingforfoodoftenthreatenhikers.

___B.Hikingonthatmountaintrailcanbeverydangerous.

___C.Severeweatherdevelopsquickly,leavinghikersexposedtostormsandcold.

D.Whenitrains,thetrail,whichisverysteepatsomepoints,becomesslippery.

2.Readthefollowingcartoon.Putatickbythethreestatementsthataremostlogically

basedontheinformationsuggestedbyit.

___A.Lucyhasjustcriticizedtheboy,Linus.

___B.LinusfeelsLucy'scriticismisvalid.

___C.LucyfeelsveryguiltythatLinushastakenhercriticismbadly.

___D.Lucydoesn'tseemtorealizethatpeoplemayacceptconstructivecriticismbutreject

destructivecriticism.

___E.Thecartoonistbelievesweshouldnevercriticizeothers.

___F.Thecartoonistbelievesit'sbesttocriticizeothersinaconstructiveway.

3.Readanextractofanadvertisement.Choosetheanswerwhichyouthinkfitseach

questionbestaccordingtothetext.

YoungEnvironmentalJournalistCompetition

HowtoEnter:

Ifyou'reaged16-25,we'relookingfbroriginalarticlesof1,000words(orless)withan

environmentalorconservationtheme.Theclosingdateforentriesis30December,2015.Your

articleshouldshowproofofinvestigativeresearch,ratherthanrelyingsolelyoninformationfrom

theInternetandphoneinterviews.Youdon'thavetogofar.Areportonpollutioninalocalstream

wouldbeasvalidasapieceabouttheremotestrainforest.Yourarticleshouldshowyouare

passionateandknowledgeableaboutenvironmentalissues.Itshouldalsobeobjectiveand

accurate,whilebeingcreativeenoughtoholdthereader'sinterest.Wearenotlookingfbr4*think

pieces^^oropinioncolumns.Youraimshouldbetoadvanceunderstandingandawarenessof

environmentalissues.Youshouldbeabletoconveycomplexideasofreadersofthisgeneral

interestmagazineinanengagingandauthoritativemanner.Factsorinformationcontainedin

short-listedarticleswillbechecked.Readtherulescarefully.

1)Beforeenteringforthecompetition,youngpeoplemusthave.

A.conductedsomerelevantresearchintheirlocalarea

B.gainedaqualificationinexperimentalresearch

C.uncoveredsomeoftheevidenceintheresearchbythemselves

D.consultedanumberofspecialistsonthesubjectunderresearch

2)Thearticlessubmittedmust.

A.focusonstraighlforwardconcepts

B.includearangeofviews

C.beaccessibletonon-specialist

D.revealthewriter'sstandpoint

4.Readthepassagebelow.Thenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionthatfollows.

(1)JohnnyAppleseed,oneofthegentlestandmostbelovedofAmericanfolkheroes,was

bornin1774inLeominster,Massachusetts.(2)HisrealnamewasJohnChapman.(3)Chapman's

earlylifewasfullofmisfortune.(4)First,hisfatherlefthometofightintheRevolutionaryWar.

(5)ThenJohn'smotherandbabybrotherdiedbeforeJohn'ssecondbirthday.(6)However,John's

fbrlunesimprovedwhenhisfatherreturnedandremarried,andbythetimeJohnwasinhisteens,

hehadtenbrothersandsisters.

(7)Asayoungman,Johnbegantravelingwestonfoot,stoppingtoclearlandandplantthe

appleseedshealwayscarriedwithhim.(8)SettlerswhofollowedJohn'spathweredelightedto

findyoungappleorchardsdottingthelandscapc.(9)Johnwasafriendlyfellowwhooftenstopped

tovisitwithfamiliesalonghisway,entertainingthemwithstoriesofhistravels.(10)Talesofhis

exploitsfollowedhimthroughPennsylvania,Ohio,andIndiana.(11)Manyofthestorieswere

true.(12)Forinstance,Johnreallydidtravelbarefootthroughthesnow,livedonthefriendliest

oftermswithIndiantribes,andrefusedtoshootanyanimal.(13)OthertalesaboutJohn,however,

wereexaggerations.(14)Settlerssaid,forexample,thathesleptinthetreetopsandtalkedtothe

birdsorthathehadoncebeencarriedoffbyagianteagle.(15)JohnnyAppleseedneverstopped

travelinguntilhisdeathinFortWayne,Indiana,in1845.

1)Sentence1isastatementof.

A.factB.opinion

C.factandopinion

2)Thedetailsinsentences4and5supportthepointorpointsin.

A.sentence1B.sentence2

C.sentence3D.sentence6

3)Therelationshipbetweensentences3and6isoneof.

A.contrastB.addition

C.causeandeffectD.comparison

4)WecanconcludethatJohnnyAppleseed.

A.providedapplesfornumeroussettlersB.wasquicklyforgottenbythesettlers

C.grewwealthybysellinghisappletreesD.lefthomebecauseofproblemswithhis

family

5)ThepassagesuggeststhatJohnnyApplcsccd.

A.grewwearyoftraveling

B.hadgreatrespectforotherpeopleandanimals

C.livedaveryshortbutrichlife

D.plantedmanytreesotherthanappletrees

6)Thetoneofthepassageis.

A.pessimisticB.bitterandimpassioned

C.amusedandexcitedD.straightforwardwithatouchofadmiration

7)Whichisthemostappropriatetitleforthisselection?

A.ThePlantingofAmericanAppleOrchards

B.FolkHeroesofAmerica

C.SettlersRecallJohnnyAppleseed

D.TheLifeandLegendofJohnChapman

5.Readthepassagebelow.Thenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionthatfollows.

(1)TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayin

whichinfbrmationisdisseminated,byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizen's

patternsofresponsetopolitics.(2)Bygivingcitizensindependentaccesstothecandidates,

televisiondiminishedtheroleofthepoliticalpartyintheselectionofthemajorpartycandidates.

(3)Bycenteringpoliticsonthepersonofthecandidate,televisionacceleratedthecitizen'sfocus

oncharacterratherthanissues.

(4)Televisionhasalteredtheformsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.(5)Themessageson

whichmostofusrelyarebrieferthantheyoncewere.(6)Thestumpspeech,apoliticalspeech

givenbytravelingpoliticiansandlasting11/2to2hours,whichcharacterizednineteenth-century

politicaldiscourse,hasgivenwaytothe30-secondadvertisementandthe10second“soundbite”

inbroadcastnews.(7)Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthe

politicianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandsecasnippetofthespeechonthe

news.

(8)Intheseabbreviatedforms,muchofwhatconstitutedthetraditionalpoliticaldiscourseof

earlierageshasbeenlost.(9)In15or3()seconds,aspeakercannotestablishthehistorical

contextthatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetailtheprobablecausesoftheproblem,and

cannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneispreferabletoothers.(10)Insnippets,

politiciansassertbutdonotargue.

(11)Becausetelevisionisanintimatemedium,speakingthroughitrequiresachanged

politicalstylethatwasmoreconversational,personal,andvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestump

speech.(12)Relianceontelevisionmeansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontains

memorablepicturesratherthanmemorablewords.(13)Schoolsleachustoanalyzewordsand

print.(14)However,inawordinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual,informedcitizenship

requiresanewsetofskills.

(15)Recognizingthepoweroftelevision'spictures,politicianscrafttelevisual,staged

events,calledpseudo-event,designedtoattractmediacoverage.(16)Muchofthepolitical

activityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,theirspeechwriters,andtheir

publicrelationsadvisersfortelevisedconsumption.(17)Soundbitesinnewsandanswersto

questionsindebatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.

1)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.CitizensintheUnitedStatesarenowmoreinformedaboutpoliticalissuebecauseof

televisioncoverage.

B.CitizensintheUnitedStatesprefertoseepoliticiansontelevisioninsteadofinperson.

C.PoliticsintheUnitedStateshasbecomesubstantiallymorecontroversialsincethe

introductionoftelevision.

D.PoliticsintheUnitedStateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytelevision.

2)Theword“disseminated“insentence1isclosestinmeaningto.

A.analyzedB.discussed

C.spreadD.stored

3)Itcanbeinferredthatbeforetheintroductionoftelevision,politicalparties.

A.hadmoreinfluenceovertheselectionofpoliticalcandidates

B.spentmoremoneytopromotetheirpoliticalcandidates

C.attractedmoremembers

D.receivedmoremoney

4)Theauthormentionsthe“stumpspeech''insentence6asanexampleof.

A.aneventcreatedbypoliticianstoattractmediaattention

B.aninteractivediscussionbetweentwopoliticians

C.akindofpoliticalpresentationtypicalofthenineteenthcentury

D.astyleofspeechcommontotelevisedpoliticalevents

5)Theword“that”insentence7refersto.

A.audienceB.broadcastnews

C.politicianD.advertisement

6)Accordingtothepassage,ascomparedwithtelevisedspeeches,traditionalpolitical

discoursewasmoresuccessfulat.

A.allowingnewscoverageofpoliticalcandidates

B.placingpoliticalissueswithinahistoricalcontext

C.makingpoliticsseemmoreintimatetocitizens

D.providingdetailedinformationaboutacandidate'sprivatebehavior

7)Theauthorstatesthat“politiciansassertbutdonotargue“insentence10inorderto

suggestthatpoliticians.

A.makeclaimswithoutprovidingreasonsfortheclaims

B.takestrongerpositionsonissuesthaninthepast

C.enjoyexplainingtheissuetobroadcasters

D.dislikehavingtoexplaintheirownpositionsonissuestocitizens

8)Thepurposeofparagraph4istosuggestthat.

A.politicianswillneedtolearntobecomemorepersonalwhenmeetingcitizens

B.politicianswhoareconsideredveryattractivearefavoredbycitizensoverpoliticianswho

arclessattractive

C.citizenstendtofavorapoliticianwhoanalyzedtheissueoveronewhodoesnot

D.citizenswillneedtolearnhowtoevaluatevisualpoliticalimagesinordertobecome

betterinformed

9)Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?

APoliticalpresentationstodayaremorelikeadvertisementsthaninthepast.

B.Politicianstodaytendtobemorefamiliarwiththeviewsofcitizensthaninthepast.

C.Citizenstodayarclessinformedaboutapolitician'scharacterthaninthepast.

D.Politicalspeechestodayfocusmoreondetailsaboutissuesthaninthepast.

PartIIIReadandQuestion

Inthispart,youwillreadaboutrelatedorcontradictoryviewsonavarietyofissues.

YouwillberequiredtoidcntiKthewriter'spositionandevaluatetheeffectivenessof

thewriter'sarguments.Readthefollowingtwopassagesandanswerthequestions.

PassageA

WhileTheoriginofSpeciescreatedagreatstirwhenitwaspublishedin1859,Darwinian

thoughtwasalmostcompletelyoutofvoguebytheturnofthetwentiethcentury.IttookRonald

Fisher's"GreatSynthesis”ofthe1920s,whichcombinedthegeneticworkofGregorMendel

withDarwin'sideasaboutnaturalselection,andTheodosiusDobzhansky's"ModemSynthesis^^

ofthe1930s,whichbuiltuponFisher'sworkwithgeneticswithinaspeciesbyfocusingonhow

geneticvariationcouldcausetheoriginofanewspecies,tobegintorehabilitateDarwin.

Yet,whatisremarkableishowveryprescientDarwin,workingwithoutknowledgeofthe

mechanismsofheredity,provedtobe.AsprominentbiologistErnstMayrnotes,whatmade

Darwiniantheorysoremarkablewashisemphasison^populationthinking."Thiscontraststo

Jean-BaptisteLamarck'stheoryofevolution,popularthroughoutthenineteenthcentury,which

positedthatindividualschangedpersonalactionsandwill.Lamarckiantheoryisoften

exemplifiedbyagiraffeconstantlyreachinguptoeatleavesoffhighbranchesandpassingonits

lengthenednecktoitschildren.

Suchexplanationsboreastrongresemblancetochildren'sfables(andindeedRudyard

Kipling'slatenineteenthcenturyJustsoStoriesbuilduponLamarckiantheories).WhereDarwin

differedwashisinsistencethatsignificantvariationwasnotbasedwithinoneparticular

individual,butratherinthebreedingpopulationasawhole.Naturalselectionwasnotbasedon

theactionsorgoalsofoneindividual,butvariationsintheaveragecharacterofthespecies.

PassageB

AsPeterBowlerpointsoutinhisaptlynamedTheNon-DarwinianRevolution:

ReinterpretingaHistoricalMyth,nineteenthcenturyDarwinismwasquitedifferentfromthe

Darwinismoftoday.ThomasHuxley,“Darwin'sBulldog/'socalledbecauseofhistirelesspublic

campaigningforDarwinianthought,exemplifiesthisdifference.Asaresultofhisadvocacy,by

theendofthenineteenthcenturyHuxleywasthevehicleforDarwinianthought.Notedscience

fictionwriterH.GWells,forinstance,garneredallofhisinformationaboutnaturalselectionand

evolutionthroughHuxley'slectures.YetHuxley'stheoryvariedsignificantlyfromthoseof

Darwin,focusingonthewillofhumankind.

IntheprefacetoEvolutionandEthics,Huxleywrotethat“Wecannotdowithoutour

inheritancefromtheforefatherswhowerethepuppetsofthecosmicprocess;thesocietywhich

renouncesitmustbedestroyedfromwithout.Stilllesscanwedowithloomuchofit;thesociety

inwhichitdominatesmustbedestroyedfromwithin."AccordingtoHuxley,humankindhas

movedpastphysicalevolutiontotherealmofself-directedmoralevolution.Huxley,then,

acknowledgesthathumankindhasevolvedunderthepressureofnaturalselectionandmust

remainawareofthefactorbe"destroyedfromwithout,buthearguesthatasocietythat

continuesinthepaththatNaturehasplaceditwillbe“destroyedfromwithin,,becauseitwillno

longerbeadaptedtoitself.

1)Basedontheinformationinthepassage,RudyardKiplingmostlylikelywrotestories

A.dedicatedtoenlighteninghumansbyusinganimalsaspositiveexamplesofproper

behavior

B.basedonfuturisticworldswhichwerepopulatedbyevolvedsubjects

C.featuringindividualsdevelopingvariationthroughthepoweroftheirdesires

D.seekingtoexhibittheeffectsofpopulationthinkinginbreedingpopulations

E.portrayingtheeffectsofparentalinheritancethroughexaminingthelivesofchildren

2)WhichofthefollowingbestrepresentsHuxley'sbeliefs?

A.Focusingonphysicalevolutionleavesmanasnothingmorethana“puppet”offorces

beyondhiscontrol;tosucceedinlifeitisnecessarytorejectphysicalevolutioninfavorofmoral

change.

B.TheideasofCharlesDarwinneededtobecarefullydelineatedthroughlecturesscthathis

ideasaboutindividualvariationcouldbefullyunderstood.

C.Byexertingpersonalwill,humankindwillbeabletoenactsignificant,lastingvariation

whichwillbedemonstratedthroughthebodiesofthechildrenofthosewhoseekchange.

D.Whilehumankindisinescapablylinkedtoitsphysicalpastandthematerialconditionsof

itsevolution,itmustbewaryofbeingtooattachedtothepathdictatedbynaturalselection.

E.CertainelementsofDarwin'stheoryaboutevolutionhadtobediscardedsothatthe

publicwouldbewillingtoacceptthethrustofthetheoryasawhole.

3)WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorsofPassageAandPassageBmostlylikelyagree

tobemostcloselyalignedintheirthinking?

A.LamarckandHuxley.

B.KiplingandWells.

C.MayrandBowler.

D.MendelandHuxley.

E.DobzhanskyandWells.

4)WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDarwinissupportedbybothpassages?

A.Darwindifferedsignificantlyfromothertheoristsofevolutionbecausehefocusedon

breedingpopulationsasawhole.

B.ThemodernunderstandingofDarwinvariessignificantlyfromnineteenth-centurybeliefs

abouthistheories.

C.ItwasnotuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturythatDarwinismasweknowitbeganto

emerge.

D.FictionwriterswereparticularlyinterestedindisseminatingideasaboutDarwin.

E.Delineatingthespecificinheritanceofthechildiscrucialtounderstandinghownatural

selectionproceeds.

5)Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentsthedifferencebetweenthetwopassages?

A.ThefirstpassagebeginswithcurrentunderstandingsofDarwinismandmovesbackin

time,whilethesecondpassagebeginswitholderunderstandingandmovesforwardintime.

B.Whilethefirstpassagefocusesonthedifferencebetweentwotheoriesofcvoluiion,the

secondparagraphtracesdifferencesbetweentwoindividualinterpretersofevolution.

C.Thefirstpassageintroducesageneraltheory,offersspecificevidence,andthen

considerstheramificationsofthattheory,whilethesecondpassagedoesnotconsiderthe

ramificationsoftheevidenceitrepresents.

D.ThefirstpassageisconcernedwithdemonstratingawayinwhichDarwinisclosely

linkedwithmodernthinkers,whilethesecondpassageisfocusedonhowhedifferedfromoneof

hiscontemporaries.

E.ThefirstpassageprovidesahistoricalretrospectiveoftheprimarjzinterpretersofDarwin,

andthesecondpassagecentersononeparticularinterpreter.

6)BasedontheinformationinPassageB,whichofthefollowingclaimsinPassageAwould

ThomasHuxleybemostlikelytoobjectto?

A.Itisimpossibletotrulyunderstandnaturalselectionwithoutthebenefitofmodern

genetic

theory.

B.Itislikelythatthegiraffedevelopedalongneckduetothefactthatitconstantly

stretched

ittogainaccesstofood.

C.Therearedifferentwaystounderstandhowevolutionfunctionstochangeindividuals.

D.Variationsintheaveragecharacterofapopulationarethemostcrucialfactorinthe

proper

evolutionofman.

E.Allowingnaturalselect沁ntodominateoursocietywillleadtothedestructionof

humankind.

7)WhichofthefollowingsituationsismostcloselyanalogoustotheLamarckianinodeof

variation?

A.Anadultbirdtriestochangetheenvironmentforthebenefitofitschildren.

B.Seekingtomorallyadapttoitsenvironment,achimpanzeechangesthewayitwoosits

male.

C.Agiraffe'sbodilyshapechangesbecauseitisunabletofitintothecavesittraditionally

sleepsin.

D.Becauseofachangeintheenvironment,anumberofchimpanzeesdieoutwhileothers

thriveandpassontheirgenes.

E.Becauseithuntsfbrsalmonwithitsmouthwideopen,abeargraduallydevelops

astrainingmechanismbetweenitsteeth.

PariIVReadandCreate

Inthispart,youwillberequiredtowriteashortessayonagiventopicbasedon

yourgeneralreading.Youshouldwritewithclarity,logicandcreativity.

1.Writeanessayofabout200wordsononeofthefollowingtopics.

1)Hamletischaracterizedbyhismelancholicmoodanddelayinaction.Givea

characteranalysisofHamletandlistthepossiblereasonsforhismelancholyanddelay.

2)ATaleofTwoCitiescanberegardedasahistoricalnovel,amoralnovelandanovel

stronglyconcerncdwiththemesofresurrection,redemptionandpatriotism,aswellasofguilt,

shameandlove.Whatisyourunderstandingofthethemesofthenovel?

2.Readtheessaybelow.Answeroneofthefollowingquestionsbywritinganessayof

about200words.

OfStudies

Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isin

privatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentand

dispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;

butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshallingofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarc

learned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudies