Unit1

CulturalHeritage語法自主學習任務單PART

1語法導學PART

2達標檢測PeriodThree

DiscoveringUsefulStructures—Restrictiverelativeclauses(3)PART

1語法導學感悟規(guī)律重點難點剖析感知以下句子，完成方框下的小題◆語法感知1.ThisisthebestTVsetthatismadeinChina.2.Pleasejusttellmeanythingthatyouknowabouttheauthorofthebook.3.Theboyandhisdogthatwerebelievedtobelostinthewoodwererescuedthismorning.4.Johnistheboywhoselegswerebadlyinjuredintheaccident.5.Thisisaplacewherechildrencanplaywithoutdanger.6.Wealllookforwardtothedaywhenasimplemedicaltestcanfindcancerwhileitisstillsmall.7.Thereasonwhyshewaslatefortheexamwasthatshegotstuckinatrafficjam.1.句1－3中的定語從句由that引導，這是因為先行詞被______________________

修飾時，或者先行詞是

、先行詞包括

時，關系代詞常用that。2.第4句用whose引導定語從句，是因為定語從句中缺少

，whose在從句中充當此成分。3.根據(jù)第5－7句可知，當從句中缺少狀語時，由

引導定語從句，缺地點狀語由

引導，缺少時間狀語用

引導，缺少原因狀語用

引導。最高級、序數(shù)詞及only，any不定代詞人和物定語關系副詞wherewhenwhy限制性定語從句用來限制先行詞的意義，在講話時不需停頓，書寫時不用逗號，通常由關系代詞that，which，who，whom，whose，as和關系副詞when，where，why引導。一、基本概念1.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞(有時是短語或句子)叫作先行詞。如下列句中加顏色部分就是先行詞。Shehasfoundthenecklacethatshelosttwoweeksago.她找到了她那條丟失兩周的項鏈。◆語法精析Asageneralrule，themostsuccessfulmaninlifeisthemanwhohasthebestinformation.一般說來，生活中最成功的人是獲得最佳信息的人。Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?你記不記得我們到這兒的那一天？2.關系詞：用來引導定語從句的連接詞叫關系詞。它包括關系代詞(that，which，who，whom，whose，as)和關系副詞(when，where，why)。關系詞在從句中一定要擔任成分。關系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語；關系副詞在從句中作狀語。We’regoingtodosomethingthathasneverbeendonebefore.(作主語)Heisamanwhomweshouldalllearnfrom.(作賓語)Helivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.(作定語)Heisnolongerthepersonthatheusedtobe.(作表語)AtthetimewhenIsawhim，hewaswell.(作時間狀語)Theystillliveinthesamehousewheretheylivedtenyearsago.(作地點狀語)ThatisthereasonwhyIamnotinfavorofrevisingtheplan.(作原因狀語)[溫馨提示](1)作賓語的關系代詞常可省去。如：Therearesomefilms(that)I’dliketosee.(2)因為關系詞在從句中已經(jīng)擔任了某一成分，所以關系詞所代指的先行詞在從句中不要再出現(xiàn)。下面的句子都有錯誤：MrsSmithwhomyoumetheryesterdayisafriendofmine.(去掉her)Guilinisacitywhichithasahistoryof2,000years.(去掉it)Thisistheplacewheremymotherwasbornthere.(去掉there)TherearemomentswhenIforgotallaboutitthen.(去掉then)二、關系詞的種類和功能

種

類功能(在從句中所擔任的成分)關系代詞that主語、賓語、表語(代替人或物)which主語、賓語(代替物)who主語、賓語(代替人)whom賓語(代替人)whose定語(代替人或物)as主語、賓語、表語(代替人或物)關系副詞when時間狀語(代替表時間的先行詞)where地點狀語(代替表地點的先行詞)why原因狀語(先行詞是reason)1.that用作關系代詞，既可指人也可指物，可作主語、賓語或表語。Ishethemanthatsellseggs？他是賣雞蛋的那個人嗎？(作主語，指人)Waterthatisimpureoftencausesseriousillness.水不清潔常會引起重病。(作主語，指物)2.which用作關系代詞時一般指物，可作主語、賓語。Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在剛才到達的那列火車上。(作主語)Thisisthebookwhichyouwanted.這就是你想要的那本書。(作賓語)3.who只指人，在從句中可作主語、賓語。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.醫(yī)生是關照人們健康的人。(作主語)ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我見到的那個人名叫史密斯。(作賓語)4.whom用作關系詞，只指人，在從句中一般作賓語。Thegentlemanwhomsheencounteredaddressedherwithcourtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有禮貌地和她講話。(作賓語)5.whose在從句中作定語，既可指人也可指物。You’retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.只有你的話他可能會聽。(指人)I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一個窗戶面臨大海的房間。(指物)6.when的先行詞須是表時間的詞，在從句中作時間狀語。JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天氣很熱的月份。7.where的先行詞須是表地點的名詞，在從句中作地點狀語。She’sgoinghomewhereshecanrest.她要回家休息了。[溫馨提示]關系副詞where的先行詞也可是有地點含義的抽象名詞(如point，case，situation，condition等)。Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.他已到了需要改弦易轍的地步。(point在此是抽象名詞)8.why的先行詞只有reason，在從句中作原因狀語。DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?你知道我為什么早走嗎？三、that和which引導定語從句的區(qū)別1.which可引導非限制性定語從句，that不可以。Hehadfailedinthemathsexam，whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他數(shù)學考試不及格，這讓他父親很生氣。2.which之前可有介詞，that之前不能有介詞。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.這是魯迅過去住過的房子。3.當先行詞是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few等不定代詞時，常用that。ThatisallthatIwanttosay.那就是我想說的一切。Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻止他這樣做。4.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時，多用that。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他們在桂林參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。5.先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時，多用that。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過的最好的電影。6.先行詞被thevery，theonly，thejust等修飾時，多用that。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我想買的字典。MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他唯一認識的外國人。7.先行詞既包括人又包括物時，用that。Thepassengersandthesuitcasesthatwerestillwaitinghadtobetransferredtoanotherplane.仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飛機。[溫馨提示]1.way作先行詞，若從句中缺少狀語，則用that或inwhich引導定語從句，也可省略關系詞。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.我不喜歡他跟他父母講話的方式。2.關系副詞可由“介詞＋關系代詞”代替。Iwillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIworkedthere.我將永遠記住我在那兒工作的那一天。MyfavoritecityisBeijingwhere/inwhichIcanvisittheGreatWall.我最喜歡的城市是北京，在那里我可以參觀長城。PART2達標檢測當堂檢測基礎達標演練1.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters

hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·全國Ⅲ)2.Inthecafe，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironment

iscreatedforthem.(2019·全國Ⅲ)3.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose

aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife，takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(資源).(2019·北京)4.Theirchildisatthestage

shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2019·天津)Ⅰ.用適當?shù)年P系詞填空who/thatthat/whichwhowhere5.Ontheedgeofthejacket，thereisapieceofcloth

givesofflightinthedark.(2019·浙江)6.(1)Thisisthefactory

Ivisitedlastyear.(2)Thisisthefactory

Iworkedlastyear.7.(1)Thereason

hegaveisunbelievable.(2)Thereason

IwentwasthatIwantedtomeetyourfriends.8.(1)Idon’tliketheway

shedealswiththeproposal.(2)Idon’tliketheway

youtaughtme.that/whichthat/whichwherethat/whichwhythat/in

whichthat/which9.(1)Iwon’tforgettheday

Itookpartinthesportsmeeting.(2)Iwon’tforgettheday

Ispentwithyouonthefarm.10.(1)Therewasonepoint

wemustinsiston.(2)Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer

sheneededtodecidewhattodo.when/on

whichthat/whichthat/whichwhere11.Thisisthebus.Itgoestotheuniversity._____________________________________________12.Doyouremembertheplace?Weallusedtomeetthere._________________________________________________13.Thereareanumberofprotests.Weareconsideringthem.________________________________________________________14.Wetookinadog.Ithadbeenabandonedbyitsformerowner._______________________________________________________________Ⅱ.用定語從句把下面的句子合并起來This

is

the

bus

that/which

goes

to

the

university.Do

you

remember

the

place

where

we

all

used

to

meet?There

are

a

number

of

protests

that/which

we

are

considering.We

took

in

a

dog

that/which

had

been

abandoned

by

its

former

owner.15.Inthecorridortherewasanoticeboard.Severalstudentswerelookingatit.________________________________________________________________________________16.Sheisanartist.Iamquitefamiliarwithherworks._________________________________________