2024屆新高三開學(xué)摸底考試卷(江蘇專用)02英語(考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A，B，C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whereisthewomangoing?A.Toafriend’shousefordinner.B.Toacinema.C.Toarestaurant.【答案】A【原文】M:Wow.You’realldressedup.Whereareyougoing?W:Myfriendinvitedmetohishousefordinner.2.Whydidthewomaneatsolittletoday?A.She’sonadiet. B.She’djusthadlunch. C.Shedoesn’tlikebeef.【答案】B【原文】M:Irememberyoulikebeefverymuch,buttodayyouatesolittle.Areyouonadiet?W:No,I’mjustfull.IhadalreadyhadmylunchbeforeIcamehere.3.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Ashopownerandachild.【答案】C【原文】M:No,Ididn’tbreakthewindow.Itmustbesomebodyelse.Iwasoverthereinthepark.Iwasn’tevennearyourshop.W:Sure,kid.Ibelieveyou.4.HowdoesthewomanthinkabouttheTVprograms?A.Toobad. B.Educational. C.Goodonthewhole.【答案】B【原文】M:DoyouhaveanyparticularviewsonTVprograms?W:Generallyspeaking,theyareeducationalexcepttoomuchviolencesometimes.M:Yes,Ithinkso.5.Whotelephonedtheman?A.MissGrey. B.Mr.White. C.Mr.Brown.【答案】C【原文】M:Arethereanymessageforme,MissGrey?W:Justone,Mr.White.YouhadatelephonecallfromsomeonenamedBrown…DavidBrown.M:Idon’tknowanybodycalledBrown.Whatdidhewant?W:Hewouldn’tsayanything,butitsoundedimportant.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A，B，C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀每個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.What’stheman’sproblem?A.Hisrightleghurts. B.Hisleftfoothurts. C.Hisrightfoothurts.7.Whattimeisthemangoingtothedoctor’s?A.At9:15a.m.tomorrow. B.At9:50a.m.tomorrow. C.At8:15a.m.tomorrow.【答案】6.C7.A【原文】W:Doctor’soffice.M:Hello.ThisisJohnStevens.I’mnotfeelingverywell.W:What’stheproblem?M:Myrightfoothurtsverybadly.W:Isee.Doyouwanttomakeanappointment?M:Yes,please.W:Canyoueintomorrowmorningat9:15?M:Tomorrowmorningat9:15?Yes.That’sfine.Thankyou.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Tohaveameal. B.Toplaytennis. C.Totalkaboutsports.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?A.Shelikesthestrongones.B.Shealsolikesplayingtennis.C.Shelikesthegentleorsoftsports.10.Whydoesthemanliketennis?A.It’seasytoplay. B.Itcanshowmen’spower.C.It’sagentleandsoftsport.【答案】8.A9.C10.B【原文】M:Timetoeat!W:ing.Oh,I’mstarving.Oh!What’sthat?M:Asportsmagazine.W:Aboutwhat?M:Abouttennis,ofcourse.Youknowit’smyfavorite.W:Ican’timaginewhyyoumenlikethatkindofsport.It’shardtoplayandalsomakesonewornout.Ilikethegentleorsoftones,suchasskating,dancingandsoon.M:Well,asaman,Ithinkit’sagoodsporttoshowmen’spower,justlikebaseball.IwasacatcherinthegamewhenIwasacollegestudent.W:Ah,Ithinkitiseasytobeastrongplayer,butthehardestthingtolearnistobeagoodloser.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.What’sthetelephonenumber?A.61234408. B.61144408. C.61134418.12.Whydoesthewomanphone?A.Toopenanewshop.B.Toknowsomethingaboutshopping.C.Togetsomeinformationabouttheapartment.13.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Theapartmentwillcostthewoman280dollarsamonth.B.Thewomanispleasedthattheshopsarefiveminutes’walkfromthesubway.C.Thewomanwantsanapartmentwhichhastwobedroomsandaverylargelivingroom.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【原文】M:Hello,61144408.W:Hello,I’mphoningabouttheapartment.M:Ofcourse.Whatwouldyouliketoknow?W:Well,first,canyoutellmewhereitis?Isitnearsomeshopsandthesubway?M:Well,theapartmentisinBoston.We’reonlytwoblocksfromtheshopsandafiveminutewalkfromthesubway.W:Andhowmuchdoesitcost?M:280dollarsamonth.W:Isee.Andisitabigapartment?Howmanysquarefeet?M:Oh,Idon’tknowexactly.Therearetwobedroomsandaverylargelivingroom.Wouldyouliketoeandseeit?W:Yes.WhencanIe,please?M:CanyouethisSaturdayafternoon?Howaboutfour?It’sNumber101,BerryRoad.W:Yes,that’sfine.I’llseeyouthen.Goodbye.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Afilmstar. B.Astorywriter. C.Aputerengineer.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherjob?A.Usuallyexciting. B.Alwaysenjoyable. C.Sometimeslonely.16.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewomanenjoy?A.Interviewingpeople. B.Runningabookstore. C.Feedinganimals.17.Whichbookismentionedintheconversation?A.BlackMirror. B.TheFashionofLife. C.PeaceandWar.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.A【原文】W:Well,beingawriter…sittingathomealldayinfrontofaputer…doesn’tseemlikearealjobtomanypeople.Imean,mostpeopledon’tthinkwritingbooksisarealjob.It’slike...er...workinginabank,forexample.M:Whatdoyouenjoyaboutyourwork?W:Well...I’mnotalwayssurethatIreallyenjoyit,youknow.Itcanbealonelyjob...adullonesometimes…sittinginfrontofaputerallday,justwaitingforideastoe.M:Buttheremustbesomethingsaboutyourworkthatyouenjoy.W:Oh,yes.Ofcoursethereare.M:Like…?W:Well,like…goingintoashopandseeingthefinishedproduct,thebookitself,seeingitwithmynameonit—andtraveling.Iliketraveling.Itravelalot...meetingpeople…talkingtothem..WhenIwrotethebookBlackMirror,ItraveledalotinParis,LondonandmostpartsofWesternAustralia.Imusthaveinterviewed…oh...atleast50people…toexplorethenatureoflove,artandtheemotionalforcesthatfashionthelivesofmycharacters…theywerevery,veryinterestingpeople.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.What’stheaimofthelanguageevening?A.ForpeopletoseeanEnglishfilm.B.Forpeopletolearnlanguages.C.Forpeopletowatchevents.19.WhatdothemembersdoonThursdayevening?A.Havesports. B.Havedinnertogether. C.Havealanguageevening.20.Whatdopeoplehavetodoiftheywanttojointheclub?A.Filloutaform.B.Givetheirnamesandaddresses.C.Givetheirnamesandaddressesandpaysomemoney.【答案】18.B19.B20.C【原文】M:Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen.IwanttotakealittleofyourtimetoletyouknowabouttheInternationalFriendsClub.We’reasortofsocialclubforpeoplefromdifferentcountries.It’squiteabigclub—wehaveabout500membersatthemoment,andwe’regrowingallthetime.Weorganizemanykindsofevents.Wehavesocialgettogethersandsportsevents.EverydayexceptThursdaywehavealanguageevening.Peoplecaneandpracticethelanguagestheyarelearning—youknow,overdrinkorsomething.Wehavedifferentlanguagesondifferentevenings.MondaySpanish;TuesdayItalian;WednesdayGerman;andFridayFrench.OnThursdayweusuallyhaveamealinarestaurantforanyonewhowantstoe.Ifyouareinterested,justgiveusyournameandaddress,andwe’llsendyoutheformandsomemoreinformation.Ifyoujoinnow,youcanhavethefirstmonthforfree.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AForfarMarine(海洋的)ScienceProgramLiveonbeachfrontproperty,studyontheclearCaribbeanwaters,andearnyourcertificationsduringamarinescienceprogramthroughthenonprofitInternationalFieldStudies(IFS).ForfarFieldStation,locatedonAndros,Bahamas,hasbeenhometouniquefieldstudyexperiencesforstudentssince1970andIFSishappytousethepast50yearsofexperiencetosupportourprogramdesignedtogiveyoungadultsaprofessionalandacademicexperienceofalifetime.StudentswilljoininlecturebasedactivitiesandjourneysthroughouttheislandastheyexplorethewondersofAndros.ProgramOverviewOurprogramwillallowstudentstoconductreallifemarinebasedfieldstudieswithanintroductiontoecotourismandtheBahamianculture.Wewillalsoexplorehowclimatechangeisspecificallyaffectingtheecosystemontheisland.StudentswilltakeclassesfromourqualifiedstaffofEnvironmentalEducatorsandCertifiedInstructorswhileenjoyinghandsonlabsandexploringtheocean,blueholes,anduniqueislandecologyofAndros.Asarecentcollegegraduateorposthighschoolstudenttakingagapyear,thisexperienceissuretohelpyoustandoutasyoustartyourcareerpath.ProgramDetailsAges:18—24yearsoldLength:about6weeksFallGroup:October27—December5,2022ApplicationDeadlineExtended:September27thWinterGroup:January17—February25,2023ApplicationDeadlineExtended:October31stSummerGroup(shortenedprogram):May30—July1,2023ApplicationDeadlineExtended:February20thPricing:Fall/WinterGroups:$5,500SummerGroup:$4,700DiscountedratesforBahamianresidentsavailable.Pleasenoteinterestonyourapplication.Focus:MarineScience,CoastalEcotourism,IslandEcology,ClimateChange,Diving,andSeaKayaking.Certificationsyou’llreceive:PADIOpenWaterDiver,PADIAdvancedOpenWaterDiverPADIRescueDiver,etc.(PADIistheworld’sleadingscubadivertrainingorganization.)21.WhenmayyousubmitanapplicationifyouareinterestedinFallGroup?A.OnSeptember15th,2022. B.OnSeptember30th,2022.C.OnOctober1st,2022. D.OnOctober10th,2022.22.Howwilltheprogrambenefitstudents?A.TheymaybeeamemberofstaffatPADI.B.TheymaygoonafreetourontheBahamas.C.Theywillgetdivingrelatedcertificates.D.Theywillbepaidverywell.23.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheprogram?A.Itlastsforsixweeksineachseason. B.IttakesplaceonAndros,Bahamas.C.Itisopentoprimaryschoolstudents. D.Itfeaturesmarineandfoodscience.【答案與解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了Forfar的海洋科學(xué)項(xiàng)目，提供了項(xiàng)目概覽、項(xiàng)目細(xì)節(jié)等信息。21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ProgramDetails部分中“FallGroup:October27—December5,2022(秋季團(tuán)：2022年10月27日至12月5日)”和“ApplicationDeadlineExtended:September27th(申請(qǐng)截止日期延長(zhǎng)至2022年9月27日)”可知，如果對(duì)秋季團(tuán)感興趣，可以在2022年9月15日提交申請(qǐng)。故選A項(xiàng)。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文末的“Certificationsyou’llreceive:PADIOpenWaterDiver,PADIAdvancedOpenWaterDiverPADIRescueDiver,etc.(PADIistheworld’sleadingscubadivertrainingorganization.)(您將獲得的認(rèn)證：PADI開放水域潛水員、PADI高級(jí)開放水域潛水員、PADI救援潛水員等<PADI是世界領(lǐng)先的器械潛水員培訓(xùn)組織>)”可知，參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生將會(huì)得到潛水相關(guān)的認(rèn)證。故選C項(xiàng)。23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ForfarFieldStation,locatedonAndros,Bahamas,hasbeenhometouniquefieldstudyexperiencesforstudentssince1970andIFSishappytousethepast50yearsofexperiencetosupportourprogramdesignedtogiveyoungadultsaprofessionalandacademicexperienceofalifetime.(Forfar實(shí)地觀測(cè)站位于巴哈馬群島的安德羅斯島，自1970年以來一直是學(xué)生獨(dú)特的實(shí)地研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)的所在地，IFS很高興利用過去50年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來支持我們的項(xiàng)目，旨在為年輕人提供一生的專業(yè)和學(xué)術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，該項(xiàng)目在巴哈馬群島的安德羅斯島進(jìn)行。故選B項(xiàng)。BAsachild,Iwasproudofmysouthernorigin.Myownvoicereflectedmyfamily’spastandpresentpartnorthernMississippi,partTennessee,allsouthern.TherewasnosoundIlovedmorethanmygrandmother’saccent:thick,sweet,warm.Whilegrowingup,Ibegantorealizeoutsideofourregion,southernerswereoftendismissedasunculturedandignorant.IwasreadytoleavebehindmytinytowninWestTennessee,startinganewlifeandjumpingatbigchancesinsomefaroffcities.Inthatembarrassingspacebetween“teen”and“adult”,myaccentwasasymbolofeverythingIthoughtIhatedaboutmylifeintheruralSouth.Ifeareditwoulddisqualifymefrombeinganotedmagazinewriter.Iwouldhavetotalkless“country”.SoIkilledapieceofmyself.I’mashamedofit,butI’mmoreashamedthatItriedtokillthatpartofsomeoneelsechangeEmily’saccent.ImetEmilyincollege.Shewasdeterminedtoworkforthestudentnewspaper,whichwaswhereIspentmostofmywakinghours,andwebecamefriends.She,unlikeme,acceptedherroots.Earlyinourfriendship,hermotheraskedwhereIwasfrom,assumingitwassomewhereupnorth.ThenIfeltmyeffortspaidoffandevenwantedtoignorethemistake.Emilyistwoyearsyoungerandshecaredaboutmyopinion.IadvisedhertobemorelikemeandhidehersignatureManchesteraccent.Istressedthatthroughoutourcollegeyears,oftenbymakingfunofhervowel(元音)sounds.ItoldmyselfIwashelpingherachieveherdreamofworkingasareporter.Now,Iseethatitwasactuallyaboutjustifyingmyhidingpartofmyself.GrandmaCarolynusedtotellme,“Girl,don’tforgetwhereyouefrom.”NowItrulyunderstandthat.Manythingshavefadedfrommemory,butthissticksinmymindwithunfortableclarity.NowthatIamgrownandhavelefttheSouth,it’simportanttome.24.Whatmadetheauthorwanttoleaveherhometown?A.Appealofconvenienceincities. B.Herdreamofbeingawriter.C.Outsideprejudiceagainstsoutherners. D.Herdesireforthenorthernaccent.25.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutthemistakeofEmily’smother?A.Upset. B.Pleased. C.Ashamed. D.Surprised.26.WhyonearthdidtheauthortrytochangeEmily’saccent?A.Toproveherselfright. B.TohelpEmilybeareporter.C.Tomakeherselfinfluential. D.ToprotectEmily’sselfdignity.27.Whatmessagedoesthetextwanttoconvey?A.Staytruetoyourroots. B.Neverdothingsbyhalves.C.Holdontoyourdreams. D.Neverjudgeapersonbyhisaccent.【答案與解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者因?yàn)閯e人的偏見以及追求更好的生活改變自己的口音，但后來才意識(shí)到這樣做抹殺了自己身份的一部分，也明白了要堅(jiān)守本根。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whilegrowingup,Ibegantorealizeoutsideofourregion,southernerswereoftendismissedasunculturedandignorant.IwasreadytoleavebehindmytinytowninWestTennessee,startinganewlifeandjumpingatbigchancesinsomefaroffcities.(在成長(zhǎng)過程中，我開始意識(shí)到，在我們的地區(qū)之外，南方人經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是沒有文化和無知的。我準(zhǔn)備離開我在西田納西州的小鎮(zhèn)，開始新的生活，并在一些遙遠(yuǎn)的城市抓住大好機(jī)會(huì))”可知，作者決定離開南部的家鄉(xiāng)是因?yàn)槠渌苏J(rèn)為南方人沒文化、無知，即外部對(duì)南方人的偏見。故選C。25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Earlyinourfriendship,hermotheraskedwhereIwasfrom,assumingitwassomewhereupnorth.ThenIfeltmyeffortspaidoffandevenwantedtoignorethemistake.(在我們的友誼之初，她媽媽問我來自哪里，以為是北方的某個(gè)地方。然后我覺得我的努力得到了回報(bào)，甚至想忽略這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)”推知，當(dāng)被Emily的媽媽誤會(huì)來自北方時(shí)，作者是非常開心的。故選B。26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ifeareditwoulddisqualifymefrombeinganotedmagazinewriter.Iwouldhavetotalkless“country”.SoIkilledapieceofmyself.(我擔(dān)心這會(huì)使我失去成為著名雜志作家的資格。我就得少說些“鄉(xiāng)村”了。所以我抹殺了自己身份的一部分)”，第三段的“Shewasdeterminedtoworkforthestudentnewspaper,whichwaswhereIspentmostofmywakinghours(她決心為校報(bào)工作，而我醒著的大部分時(shí)間都在那里度過的)”以及倒數(shù)第二段的“IadvisedhertobemorelikemeandhidehersignatureManchesteraccent.Istressedthatthroughoutourcollegeyears,oftenbymakingfunofhervowel(元音)sounds.ItoldmyselfIwashelpingherachieveherdreamofworkingasareporter.(我建議她更像我，隱藏她標(biāo)志性的曼徹斯特口音。在我們的大學(xué)生活中，我經(jīng)常通過取笑她的元音來強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)。我告訴自己，我是在幫她實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)記者的夢(mèng)想)”可知，作者通過改變自己的口音獲得了在校報(bào)工作的機(jī)會(huì)。由此推知，作者努力改變Emily的口音是為了證明自己是對(duì)的，即改變南方口音就有可能獲得好工作。故選A。27.推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第二段的“I’mashamedofit,butI’mmoreashamedthatItriedtokillthatpartofsomeoneelsechangeEmily’saccent.(我很慚愧，但我更慚愧的是我試圖抹殺別人的那部分——改變艾米麗的口音)”和最后一段“GrandmaCarolynusedtotellme,“Girl,don’tforgetwhereyouefrom.”NowItrulyunderstandthat.Manythingshavefadedfrommemory,butthissticksinmymindwithunfortableclarity.(卡羅琳奶奶過去常對(duì)我說：“女孩，別忘了你來自哪里?！爆F(xiàn)在我真的明白了。許多事情已經(jīng)從記憶中消失了，但這件事卻以令人不安的清晰印象留在了我的腦海中)”可知，文章想要傳達(dá)的信息是：堅(jiān)守本根。故選A。CThetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenteredonthequestionastowhetheritisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhoweare.Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringtheorganism’slife.Naturedoesnotjustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffecttheexpressionofgenesinoffspring(后代).FortheGeneticists,theybelievethatourlivesareentirelydeterminedbygenetics,whichisnature.Anopposingviewisthatthereisnoindicationthatgenes(基因)determinesone’spersonality,ratherthereisgrowingevidencethatnurtureservesasthedeterminingfactorinpersonalitydevelopment.Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenappliedtohumanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellasthekindofsurroundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.Theargumentofnatureandnurtureastowhichismoreimportantisnecessitatedbyanattempttodifferentiatehowmucheffectgeneticshasonaperson’sdevelopmentagainsthoweasilyhumansareinfluencedbyone’senvironment.Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone’spersonality,naturedramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthedevelopmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecauseofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoariseattheveryfirstinstance.Evenwithoutnurture,thenatureimpactcanstillstandindependentlywithoutnecessarilycausingdestruction.Moreso,evenwhenthenurtureimpactissuccessfullyeffected,itdoesnotremovethegeneticcharacteristicsofaperson.Itthereforestandscorrectlythatnatureisthatwhichdeterminesthesubstanceofaperson.28.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.Nature’sroleissupportedbyadditionalevidence.B.Personalitydevelopmentisdeterminedbynurture.C.Natureimpactsgeneexpressioninlatergeneration.D.Environmentshapespersonalitymorethangenetics.29.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Whatnurturemeanstohumanbeings. B.Howlivingthingsdevelopafterbirth.C.Hownurtureshapeshumandevelopment. D.Howsurroundingsinfluencehumanbeings.30.Howdoestheauthorstressthegreaterimportanceofnature?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bymakingcontrast.C.Byconductingexperiments. D.Bycitingresearchdata.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ALongStoryofNatureandNurture B.ANewResearchonNatureandNurtureC.WhoCanTellWhatMakesWhoWeAre? D.WhichIsMoreImportant,NatureorNurture?【答案與解析】本文是一篇議論文。先天和后天這兩個(gè)術(shù)語自16世紀(jì)以來一直是比較的主題。文章論述了究竟是先天還是后天造就了我們。28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringtheorganism’slife.Naturedoesnotjustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffecttheexpressionofgenesinoffspring(后代).(在有機(jī)體的一生中，先天為有機(jī)體提供了與滋養(yǎng)、環(huán)境相互作用的起點(diǎn)。先天不僅會(huì)影響一個(gè)生物體的一生，還會(huì)直接影響其后代的基因表達(dá))”可知，先天影響后代的基因表達(dá)。故選C。29.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenappliedtohumanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellasthekindofsurroundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.(后天指的是生物出生后生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的條件。當(dāng)應(yīng)用于人類時(shí)，它指的是一個(gè)人是如何成長(zhǎng)的，包括營(yíng)養(yǎng)、教育、照顧，以及環(huán)境的類型，如文化影響、家庭和朋友)”可知，第三段主要討論了后天對(duì)人類意味著什么。故選A。30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone’spersonality,naturedramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthedevelopmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecauseofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoariseattheveryfirstinstance.(不可否認(rèn)，后天培養(yǎng)在一個(gè)人的個(gè)性成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展中起著一定的作用，但先天的作用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過后天培養(yǎng)，因?yàn)橄忍炜梢员槐茸骰A(chǔ)。后天對(duì)人的發(fā)展的影響是不能完全否認(rèn)的。然而，先天被認(rèn)為是最重要的，因?yàn)樗峁┝艘粋€(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)，為后天問題的出現(xiàn)提供了基礎(chǔ))”可推知，作者通過對(duì)比強(qiáng)調(diào)了先天的重要性。故選B。31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenteredonthequestionastowhetheritisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhoweare.(先天和后天這兩個(gè)術(shù)語自16世紀(jì)以來一直是比較的主題。爭(zhēng)論的核心問題是，究竟是先天還是后天造就了我們)”及下文論述可知，文章主要論述了究竟是先天還是后天造就了我們。由此可知，WhichIsMoreImportant,NatureorNurture?(先天和后天，哪個(gè)更重要？)適合作文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。DAvideocirculatedonsocialmediaearlierthisyear,showingatouristopeningthedoorofavehicle,reachingoutanarmandattemptingtostrokeapassinglioness.Thelionessshruggedhimoff,butitcouldhaveeasilygonehorriblywrong.Recklessbehaviouraroundwildliferisksthesafetyofbothpeopleandanimals.Peopleriskbeingattacked,mauled(撕咬)andpossiblykilled,whileanimalscanbeharmed,removedorputdown,irrespectiveofwhethertheywereonlydefendingthemselves.Animalattackscanalsocastadestinationinanegativelight,causingtemporaryclosuresorscaringoffvisitors.Alljustsosomeonecouldboastthattheyhadstrokedalionorcapturedamomentonacameraphone.“Touristsaregettingmoreandmorerecklessaroundwildlifeandthesourceoftheproblemissocialmedia.”sayswildlifephotographerAnetteMosshachers.“Peopleriskingtheirlivesordoingstupidthingswithwildlifeareafter‘likes’andfollowers,somethingtoshowoffonsocialmedia,”saysMossbacher.“Thegreatertherisk,themore‘likes’theyget.Withsomeclients,itseemslikeasicknessoraddiction.”Yetsocialmediaisnotentirelytoblame.Peoplehavealwaystakenrisksforanexperience.Foolishbehaviorandatendencytogetcockyarounddangerousanimalsmusthavebeenaroundsincethedawnofhumanity.Ahungerforattentiononlinemightdrivesomeofthecurrentmadness,butsomeindividualsmightbetryingtorecreateapieceoftheactiontheyhaveseenontelevision.Perhapstheadrenaline(腎上腺激素)rushwhenclosetowildanimalscausesanevaporationofmonsense.“There’saworryinglackofawarenessthatanimalsseveraltimesoursize,weight,speedandstrengthcaneasilyhurtus,”sayswildlifephotographerDavidLloyd.“Idon’tthinkparksaredoingenoughtoraiseawareness.Touristsneedtoknowhowtheirpresencecanaffectwildlife.Agoodexampleischeetahs(獵豹)onvehiclerooftops.Itmaybeathrillforthebystanders,buttheconsequencesifamothercheetahfallsoffwouldbesevere.Shewouldnolongerbeabletohunt,sohercubscouldeasilystarve.”“Peoplearen’tgettingtheeducationaboutwhytheyneedtostayawayfromwildlife,includingavoidingdiseases,keepingpeoplesecureandlettingwildlifebewild,”saysPhilipMuruthi,vicepresidentofspeciesconservationandsciencefortheAfricanWildlifeFoundation.“Weneedtoeducatetouriststhroughsigns,pamphletsandfrontlinedrivers.Weshouldsticktoguidelines,andthereneedstobeenforcementthroughthelaw.”32.Whatcanwelearnaboutrecklessbehaviouraroundwildlife?A.Itharmstouristsmorethananimals.B.Itenablestouriststogetintimatewithanimals.C.Itmaybringmoreprofitstoatouristdestination.D.Itmaygetanimalskilledfordefendingthemselves.33.AsforMossbacher’sopiniononwhatdrivespeople’srecklessbehavior,theauthoris_______.A.sympathetic B.disapproving C.doubtful D.indifferent34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cocky”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Selfish. B.Frightened. C.Arrogant. D.Shocked.35.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.Parksareexpectedtotakemoreresponsibilitiesforeducatingtourists.B.Raisingtourists’awarenessmeansstressingthedangerofanimalstothem.C.Moreregulationofthetouristindustryisthekeytoraisingtourists’awareness.D.Penaltiesratherthaneducationcanstoppeopletakingsillyrisksaroundwildlife.【答案與解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了游客面對(duì)野生動(dòng)物時(shí)變得越來越魯莽這一現(xiàn)象的原因并提出解決這一問題的建議。32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Peopleriskbeingattacked,mauled(撕咬)andpossiblykilled,whileanimalscanbeharmed,removedorputdown,irrespectiveofwhethertheywereonlydefendingthemselves.(人可能會(huì)被攻擊、咬傷，甚至可能被殺死，而動(dòng)物可能會(huì)被傷害、移走或殺死，不管它們是否只是在自衛(wèi))”可知，人類魯莽的的行為可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致會(huì)讓動(dòng)物因?yàn)樽孕l(wèi)而被殺死。故選D項(xiàng)。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Mossbacher的話“Touristsaregettingmoreandmorerecklessaroundwildlifeandthesourceoftheproblemissocialmedia.(游客面對(duì)野生動(dòng)物時(shí)越來越魯莽，而問題的根源是社交媒體)”可知，Mossbacher認(rèn)為社交媒體是游客面對(duì)野生動(dòng)物時(shí)越來越魯莽的根本原因，根據(jù)第四段中“Yetsocialmediaisnotentirelytoblame.Peoplehavealwaystakenrisksforanexperience.(然而，社交媒體并不完全是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。人們總是為了體驗(yàn)而冒險(xiǎn))”可知，作者認(rèn)為Mossbacher的表述并不完全準(zhǔn)確，作者認(rèn)為游客的魯莽行為也可許是從于人類的本性。所以他對(duì)Mossbacher的觀點(diǎn)持懷疑態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。34.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Peoplehavealwaystakenrisksforanexperience.Foolishbehaviorandatendencytogetcockyarounddangerousanimalsmusthavebeenaroundsincethedawnofhumanity.(人們總是為了體驗(yàn)而冒險(xiǎn)。自人類誕生以來，在危險(xiǎn)動(dòng)物面前愚蠢的行為和cocky傾向一定一直存在)”可知，冒險(xiǎn)是人類的本性，結(jié)合并列詞組“Foolishbehavior”可知推知，“getcocky”也是一種魯莽的、不理性的表現(xiàn)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，cocky與arrogant同義，意為“傲慢的”。故選C項(xiàng)。35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Idon’tthinkparksaredoingenoughtoraiseawareness.Touristsneedtoknowhowtheirpresencecanaffectwildlife.(我認(rèn)為公園在提高公眾意識(shí)方面做得還不夠。游客需要知道他們的存在會(huì)如何影響野生動(dòng)物)”和第六段中“Peoplearen’tgettingtheeducationaboutwhytheyneedtostayawayfromwildlife,includingavoidingdiseases,keepingpeoplesecureandlettingwildlifebewild(人們沒有得到關(guān)于為什么他們需要遠(yuǎn)離野生動(dòng)物的教育，包括避免疾病，保證人們的安全，讓野生動(dòng)物自然生長(zhǎng))”可推知，公園在提高公眾意識(shí)方面做得還不夠，應(yīng)該在教育游客方面承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。I’vebeenlivinginSpainfordecadesandIsecurelyguaranteethatIhaveatalentinfiguringoutthecoolhiddenlocalspots.Asaforeigner,Icouldn’tcarelessaboutdoingthetouristythingsorenjoyingfancycuisine.___36___SoIalwaysattempttofindsomethingthat’sappealingandfunyetrepresentsthelocalculture,andthatoffersaninteractionwiththelocals.Myreputationfordoingthishasgrown.___37___SinceIamsomewhatfluentinSpanish,Icouldchargepeopleforthisandbeesomewhatofanofficialtourguide.Ichoosenottothough,becausetome,themostimportantthingismakingsurethetourist,whoalreadyspentalotoftimeandmoneygettingtowhereIam,hasthefunandculturalexperiencetheycouldpossiblyhave.___38___Inthatcase,touristscanexplorethelocalculturefurtheratthelowestcost.Theycouldotherwisespendasignificantsumofmoneyonaguidedtourthatkeepsthemfortablebutseparatedfromtheculture.Ichoosetogivethemanexperiencethat’sdeeperandopenstheirmind,allforfree.___39___Whensomeoneisvisitingyourarea,don’tjusttakethemtothetouristyspots.Showthemtheplacesthatmeansomethingtoyou.Showthemyourheartthroughtheplacesthatyoushowthemandtheexperienceyougivethem.There’ssomethinggoodinalmosteverytownoutthere.Ifyoudon’thaveanyspotsinyourareathatyoulike,learntofindthegoodintheplaceyoulive.Ifyoufindthegoodinwhereyoulive,youwillalsofindthegoodinyourself.It’satimethatbothyouandthetouristwillprobablyneverobtainagain.___40___A.Everyonecandothesame.B.Icouldhardlyhaveimagineditwouldhappen.C.Itcouldal