“高考英語精品課程”定語從句第五講定語從句在閱讀寫作中的應(yīng)用一．學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容考向1：關(guān)系代詞在寫作中的應(yīng)用考向2：關(guān)系副詞在寫作中的應(yīng)用考向3：非限制性定語從句在寫作中的應(yīng)用考向4：介詞+關(guān)系代詞在寫作中的應(yīng)用二．考點精講精練考向1：關(guān)系代詞在寫作中的應(yīng)用考點1：長難句類型：定語從句who/that在長難句中的應(yīng)用來源：2021高考全國卷乙卷B篇原句：OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.關(guān)鍵點：段落首句，2題答案出處主語：謂語：賓語：A.句子主干B.翻譯C.重點詞匯D.高級句子仿寫41）我們知道你是個聰明的喜愛機器人技術(shù)的男孩。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2）她隨時準(zhǔn)備幫助那些有困難的同學(xué)。她的熱心和善良使我們班成為一個團結(jié)的集體。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1）Itisknowntousthatyouareanintelligentboywho/thathavegreatfancyforroboticstechnology.2）Sheisreadytohelpthosewhohavedifficulties.Herwarmthandkindnessmakeourclassaunitedmunity.解析：關(guān)系詞：who/that功能：解釋說明或者限定修飾主句中指人的名詞或代詞位置：被修飾的名詞或代詞后來源：（2020新高考全國I）Yet,theonlyonewhocaresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People'sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage.然而，唯一在乎任何錯誤的人是說話的人。人們的注意力總是分散的。事實上，大多數(shù)人只吸收了演講者信息的20%?？键c2：長難句類型：定語從句which/that在長難句中的應(yīng)用來源：2020高考全國卷1C篇原句：Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturallygrownlandthat/whichhasbeehometomanyplantsandanimals.（2020新高考全國I）主語：謂語：賓語：A.句子主干B.翻譯C.重點詞匯D.高級句子仿寫1）這就是他昨天丟的那本書。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2）收到錢和書后能重返校園，非常感激。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3）北京是我去過最吸引人的城市之一。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Thisisthebook(that/which)Ilostyesterday.Iamwritingtoexpressmydeepestgratitudeformoneyandbooks（which/that）yousentme.Beijingisoneofthemostattractivecities(that)Ihaveeverbeento.解析：關(guān)系詞：which/that功能：解釋說明或者限定修飾主句中指物的名詞或代詞位置：被修飾的名詞或代詞.考向2：關(guān)系副詞在寫作中的應(yīng)用考點1：長難句類型：定語從句where在長難句中的應(yīng)用來源：2021高考全國卷乙卷B篇原句：Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.關(guān)鍵點：段落尾句，27題答案出處主語：謂語：賓語：A.句子主干B.翻譯C.重點詞匯D.高級句子仿寫However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownanddiscoveredanearbyisland（在那里他開始種樹）.（2020新高考全國I）答案：1)wherehebegantoplanttrees考點2：長難句類型：定語從句why在長難句中的應(yīng)用Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumansisclear.ThereasonwhyIlike_________verymuchisthat_________________我很喜歡旅行的原因是它很令人放松。_______________________________________________________________答案：ThereasonwhyIliketravelingverymuchisthatitcanmakemefeelrelaxed.考點3：長難句類型：定語從句when在長難句中的應(yīng)用Gonearethedayswhenyouhadtowaitforthemorningnewspaper,toknowwhatisgoingallaroundtheworld.你不得不等待早晨的報紙才知道世界各地正在發(fā)生什么事，這樣的日子一去不復(fù)返了。Gonearethedayswhen女性被歧視，這樣的日子一去不復(fù)返了。_______________________________________________________________答案：Gonearethedayswhenwomenwerelookeddownupon.考向3：非限制性定語從句在寫作中的應(yīng)用考點1.注意：that不能用于非限制性定語從句來源：2019高考全國卷1D篇原句：Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小學(xué)）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.關(guān)鍵點：首段首句，25題答案出處長難句類型：非限制定語從句主語：謂語：賓語：A.句子主干B.翻譯C.重點詞匯D.高級句子仿寫1）自從在小學(xué)時，我說英語很流利，這讓我?guī)缀鯚o困難與外國人交流。（定語從句和狀語從句）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2）我被接納，我可以介紹一些中國畫技能給參觀者，這有助于他們更加了解我們的中國文化。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3）我們將于星期天上午在人民公園見面，那里空氣新鮮，風(fēng)景美麗。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我們學(xué)校下周五將舉行一場英語演講比賽，目的是為了提高我們的口語，同時豐富我們的校園生活。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Sincetherosyyearsofelementaryschool，IhavebeenspeakingEnglishfluently,whichallowsmetomunicatingwithforeignerswithoutdifficulty.Ifaccepted,IcanintroducesomeChinesepaintingskills,whichcanhelpthemhaveabetterunderstandingofourChineseculture.WearetomeetonSundaymorninginthePeople’s Park,wheretheairisfreshandthesceneryisbeautiful.OurschoolwillholdanEnglishSpeechContestnextFriday,whosepurposeistoimproveourspeakingskillsandtoenrichourschoollife.解析：which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，不完整。Where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，完整。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時可代替整個主句（事），置于主句之后。功能：主句在前，陳述事實，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在后，展示結(jié)果。格式：主句，whichwillenablesb.todosth..建議使用位置：中間段第一個要點和相應(yīng)的細節(jié)?？键c2.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時可代替整個主句（事），使用靈活，可置于句首和句中，在從句中可做主語，賓語，表語。常用下列固定搭配：asweallknow=asisknowntoallasissaidabove=asalwaysmentionedaboveAsplannedasisoftenthecaseasisreportedinthenewspaperAsisshown原句：Weneedtogobacktoourhometown,asisreportedinthenewspaper,thewarbegins.長難句類型：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句主語：謂語：賓語：A.句子主干B.翻譯C.重點詞匯D.高級句子仿寫1）眾所周知，臺灣屬于中國。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2）按照計劃，我們將在下周六八點校門口見面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Asweallknow,TaiwaibelongstoChina.Asplanned/scheduled,wewillmeetatthegateofourschoolat8a.m.nextSaturday.考向4：介詞+關(guān)系代詞在寫作中的應(yīng)用來源：天津卷高考滿分作文句原句：Asyouknow,thefinalexamofthistermisaroundthecorner,forwhichIamburiedinpreparing.長難句類型：介詞+關(guān)系代詞常在非限制定語從句中應(yīng)用。主語：謂語：賓語：A.句子主干B.翻譯C.重點詞匯D.高級句子仿寫1）眾所周知，春節(jié)即將來臨，在春節(jié)期間，我們會制作餃子和放煙花。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2）在你生命中，如果有一個人你需要對他說對不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Asweknow,theSpringFestivalisaroundthecorner,duringwhichwewillmakesomedumplingsandsetofffireworks.Ifthereissomeoneinyourlifetowhomyouneedtosaysorry,goaheadandmakeanapology.三．鞏固練習(xí)A.將下列句子合并為定語從句Youshouldarriveatyourfriend’shomeearly.Itwillenableyoutoleaveagoodfirstimpressiononhim.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Youshouldarriveatyourfriend’shomeearly，whichwillenableyoutoleaveagoodfirstimpressiononhim.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuit.Thesuitincreasedherweightto180pounds.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuit,whichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Yesterday,wehadameeting.Wediscussedmanyproblemsatthemeeting.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Yesterday,wehadameetingwhere(=atwhich)wediscussedmanyproblemsatthemeeting.4.InancientChinalivedanartist.Hispaintingswerealmostlifelike.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.定語從句在應(yīng)用文中的應(yīng)用1..關(guān)于我們根據(jù)教科書改編的一個劇本的事情，我真誠地寫信來請求您的幫助。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：I’mwritinginsinceritytoaskyouafavorregardingaplaythat/whichweadaptedaccordingtothetextbook.2..首先，我在中國生活了16年，從小就學(xué)習(xí)英語，英語和漢語都很好，這對介紹中國畫很有幫助。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Firstofall,havinglivedinChinafor16yearsandhavinglearnedEnglishsinceIwasachild,IhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandChinese,whichisbeneficialforintroducingChinesepaintings.3..我是李華，一個外向的男孩，這個暑假在倫敦學(xué)習(xí)。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：I’mLiHua,anoutgoingboy,whoisstudyinginLondonduringthesummervacation.4.我寫信是想邀請你參加音樂節(jié)，音樂節(jié)將在我們學(xué)校舉行從7月5日到7月7日,持續(xù)3天。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：I'mwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartintheMusicFestival,whichwillbeheldinourschoolfromJuly5toJuly7,lasting3days.5.你可以想象，這會多有趣。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Asyoucanimagine,whatgreatfuntherewillbe.6.然后，你可以去北京，在那里你可以呆一個星期。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Afterthat，youcangotoBeijing,whereyoucanstayforaweek.7.每當(dāng)我遇到困難時，你總是鼓勵我，幫助我，這燃起了我對英語的熱情,促進我重新獲得巨大的信心。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：WheneverIencounterdifficulties,youalwayscheermeupandhelpmeout,whichfuelsmyenthusiasmforEnglishandpromotesmetoregaintremendousconfidence.拓展練習(xí)漢譯英。我的姐姐是一個大學(xué)生，就讀于北京大學(xué)。我永遠不會忘記去年暑假參觀這所大學(xué)的日子。她帶我參觀了那里的各項設(shè)施（facilities)，包括非常吸引我的圖書館。這里有超過一萬的學(xué)生，他們所有人都為自己的光明前途(promisingfuture)而奮斗著，這點是我之前沒有想到的。她是我學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣，我決心努力學(xué)習(xí)來報答（repay）為我辛勤工作的父母和老師們。答案：Mysisterisacollegestudent,whoisstudyinginPekingUniversity.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIvisitedthisuniversitylastsummer.Sheshowedmearoundtoseethevariousfacilities,includingthelibrarywhichattractsmeverymuch.Therearemorethantenthousandcollegestudents,allofwhomarefightingfortheirpromisingfuture,whichIhaveneverthoughtbefore.SheisamodelfromwhomIwilllearn,Iamdeterminedtostudyhardtorepaymyparentsandteacherswhoareworkinghardforme.B.定語從句在閱讀長難句中的應(yīng)用Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機）?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,paredto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers. B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions. D.Theirplexdesign.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit. B.Argue.C.Remember. D.Remark.26.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A.Theylikesmartphonegames. B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones. D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞使用固定電話的情況，并且表達了固定電話是非必需品的觀點。【24題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.(現(xiàn)在你很難在澳大利亞找到15歲以上的沒有手機的人。事實上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手機。幾乎每個人都可以隨時隨地?fù)艽蚝徒勇犽娫?”可推知，本段主要說明手機在澳大利亞廣受歡迎。故選B項。【25題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個調(diào)查的目標(biāo)人群是仍然有固定電話的澳