Unit4NaturaldisastersDiscoveringusefulstructures定語(yǔ)形容詞名詞介詞短語(yǔ)1.什么定語(yǔ)？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞從句(定語(yǔ)從句）Sheisabeautifulgirl.Amyisawomanteacher.Thegirlinredismysister.

Ihavesomethingtosay.Theboymakingfaceismyson.Japanisadevelopedcountry.Ilikepeoplewhosmilesalot.定語(yǔ)：“定”語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，常譯為“的”什么可以做定語(yǔ)Iknowtheboy.Theboyissittingonthedesk.Iknowtheboy

whoissittingonthedesk定語(yǔ)從句定義結(jié)構(gòu)定語(yǔ)從句2.什么定語(yǔ)從句？關(guān)系詞修飾名詞或代詞的句子先行詞關(guān)系詞被修飾的名詞或代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞whowhomthatwhichwhoseaswhenwherewhyeg.Thisisthecar

which

heboughtlastyear.Doyouknowtheman

whospokejustnow?Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow.１.Ihavereadthenewspaper(which)carriestheimportantnews.Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.２.Ishowedhimtheletter.Ireceiveditthismorning.３.將下列句子改成一句話關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中有三個(gè)作用：

1.引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句；

2.在從句中代替先行詞；

3.在從句中擔(dān)任某一句子成分。Which

的用法1.which

在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),指物。

Theyplantedthetreeswhich

didn’tneedmuchwater.

Thefishwhich

weboughtwerenotfresh.

Thisisthehousewhich

welivedinlastyear.

→Thisisthehouse________welivedlastyear.主語(yǔ)；指物賓語(yǔ)；指物介詞賓語(yǔ)；指物in

whichwhich作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞既可放在關(guān)系代詞which之前，也可以放在從句中動(dòng)詞之后where3.that在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指人或物，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.作主語(yǔ)；指物

Thenoodles

(that)Icookedweredelicious.作賓語(yǔ)；指物

Let’saskthemanthatisreadingabookoverthere.作主語(yǔ)；指人

Thegirl

(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.

作賓語(yǔ)；指人that的用法2.who在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),whom

在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；都指人。

TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.主語(yǔ)；指人

TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.

主語(yǔ)；指人

Theperson(whom/who)youjusttalkedtoisMrLi.

賓語(yǔ)；指人

MrReadistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.賓語(yǔ)；指人在定語(yǔ)從句中緊接著介詞的只能用which和whom。指人用whom，指物用whichWho的用法4.whose在從句中作定語(yǔ),修飾人或物，意為“……的”，可與

ofwhich(whom)the...互換。

MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.ofwhomthe

Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.ofwhomthe

Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.ofwhichtheWhose的用法關(guān)系代詞指代在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩宋锞渥又髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)whowhomwhichthatwhose

Theusageoftherelativepronouns1.定語(yǔ)：可以是一個(gè)單詞，一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，一個(gè)句子。2.名詞是可以修飾名詞的。3.動(dòng)詞：作定語(yǔ)有Ving，V-ed和todo三種形式。4.定語(yǔ)只對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾作用，我們無(wú)法從定語(yǔ)中得知名詞或代詞的具體內(nèi)容。總結(jié)概括：Whatistheattributiveclause?(什么是定語(yǔ)從句）定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，在句子中起定語(yǔ)作用的從句。Bobbyisaboywhoisveryfat..先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句先行詞:被修飾的名詞或代詞關(guān)系詞：1.連接從句；2.替代先行詞；當(dāng)Heis

theboy(who/thatoftengoestoschoollate).

先行詞關(guān)系詞Thesearethetrees(which/that

wereplantedlastyear).先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)是：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句指出下列句子中的先行詞和關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞可指代從句中的成分whowhomwhichthatwhose人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)人賓語(yǔ)物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)人、物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)人、物定語(yǔ)如何改寫成定語(yǔ)從句？①找出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的共有成分；②將從句中的共有成分去掉；③用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)剩下的從句，并緊接在被修飾詞之后．Ilovethegirl.Thegirlhaslonghair.Ilovethegirlwhohasalonghair.who,whom,that,whose,which用法區(qū)別.①who先行詞是人作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)可省略.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解who作主語(yǔ)②whom先行詞是人，作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)可省略.Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解whom作賓語(yǔ)③which先行詞是物,作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)可省略.Ilikethebookwhichyouboughtyesterday.Ilikethebook.Youboughtthebookyesterday.分解which作賓語(yǔ)④that先行詞可以是人或物，可以作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)可省略.Themanthatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解that作主語(yǔ)⑤whose先行詞是人或物，作定語(yǔ)從句的定語(yǔ)。Thewomanwhosehairisredisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Thewoman’shairisred.分解whose作定語(yǔ)指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose關(guān)系代詞的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)可省作賓語(yǔ)可省作賓語(yǔ)可省作賓語(yǔ)可省不可省

Itisamusicalprogram___________canhelpordinarymusicloversachievetheirdreamsinZhejiangTV.which/thatItisaverypopularnovel___________J.K.Rowlingcreated.(which/that)HeisafamousChinesewriter__________wontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.who/thatHeisafamousrunner

_______________

Chinesepeoplelove.(whom/that/who)Itisacellphonesoftware(軟件)_______function(功能)istochatwithothersandsendmessages,picturesandvideos.whose1.Doyoustillremembertheearthquake

___________happenedtenyearsago?2.Itisagoodchoicefortourists________

prefervisitingplacesofhistoricalinterest.3.Thisisthepilotwith______mybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.4.Couldyoupleasepassmethebook________coverisgreen?5.Jacksonlikesthebike__________hisunclegavehimasabirthdaygift.that/whichthat/whowhomwhosethat/which基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練6.Theschoolin________mysisteroncestudiedisveryfamous.7.ProfessorYangisapersonfrom______Ihavelearnedalot.8.Theboy______parentsareteachersismyclassmate.9.Lucycalledherbrother______________shehadn'tseenforfiveyears.10.Itisthemostinterestingstory______Ihaveeverheard.whichwhomwhosethat/whom/whothatReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithrelativepronouns.Thepeople_________liveinWenchuancountywillneverforgettheday12May,2008.The8.0-magnitudeearthquake__________killedover80,000peopleturnedmanytownsintoruins.Thesoldiers__________thegovernmentsentrushedtotheearthquake-hitareaimmediately.

Now,morethan10yearson,thesurvivors_______homesweredestroyedarelivinganewlife.Manyliveinnewtownswho/thatwhich/thatwhomwhose__________havebeenbeautifullyrebuiltbythegovernment.Thepeoplewillneverforgetthose________rescuedthemandhelpedthemrebuildtheirhome.Outofgratitude,manyyoungadults_________parentsdiedduringtheearthquakehavechosentostudymedicineorjointhearmyinawishtohelpmorepeople.Wenchuan,thecounty_________wascompletelydestroyedandthencompletelyrebuilt,hasbecomeasymboloftheChinesespiritofnevergivingup.

which/thatwhich/thatwhowhose高考真題演練1.[2016·浙江卷]Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneof____________hasbeenproved.2.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，61)InancientChinalivedanartist_________paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.3.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ，62)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshop,_______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters__________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019全國(guó)Ⅲ，64)whichwhosewhichwho/that高考真題演練5.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ66)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__________showedafiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.6.(2018·北京，5)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemk