(完整版)英國文學史及作品選讀習題集(6)(完整版)英國文學史及作品選讀習題集(6)80(完整版)英國文學史及作品選讀習題集(6)6EnglishLiteratureinthe19thCenturyⅠ。Essayquestions。

1。DiscussJohnRuskin’sworksonart.

2。WhatisthethemeofCharlesDickens'snovelATaleofTwoCities?3。TalkaboutCharlesDickens’scharacterportrayal，especiallychildcharacterportrayal.4。PleaseretellthestoryofJaneEyreandmakeacommentonit.5.PleasetalkbrieflyaboutCharlesDickens’sliterarycareer,andthemainfeaturesofhisworks.6。PleasemakeacommentonThomasHardy’scontributionstoEnglishliterature.7。Makeacommentoncriticalrealism.8.PleaseretellthestoryofTessoftheD'Urbervillesandmakeabriefcommentonit.Ⅱ.Definethefollowingterms。

1.Englishcriticalrealism

2。Victorianperiod

3。Autobiography

4.Regionalnovel

5.Dramaticmonologue

6。Dramatization

7。Disinterestedness8.Idyll

9.Psychologicalnovel

10。ThePre—Raphaelites

11。Künstlerroman

12。Aestheticism

13.NaturalismⅢ.Fillintheblanks.1.ThecomicelementisstronginCharlesDickens’sfirstnovel,whichappearedinmonthlysectionsbetweenApril1836andNovember1837.ItrecordstheadventuresofMr。andhiscompanionsastheyjourneyaboutthecountry。2。isoneofCharlesDickens’sbestworks。Itiswritteninthefirstpersonandisthemostautobiographicalofallhisbooks.Inwritingthenovel，Dickensthrewintoitdeepfeelingsandmuchofhisownexperienceinhisyoungerdays.3。IntheVictorianperiod，andmoralpropriety，whichwereignoredbytheRomanticists，becamethepredominantpreoccupationinliteraryworks.4.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray’sfirstliterarysuccesscamewithaseriesofsatiricalsketchesentitled,publishedin1846～1847.5。DanielDeronda，writtenin1876,is'slastnovel.Themasteryofthesubtlercomplexitiesofpsychologicalanalysisisrevealedthoroughly。6.Mrs.GaskellwasoneofthefirstEnglishwriterstomaketheclassstrugglebetweentheandthethethemeofanovel.7.GeorgeEliot’sislargelyautobiographicalinitsearlychapters。Againstthebackgroundofrurallife，theauthortracesthefateandtragedyof

ayounggirl，Maggie，whosenobleaspirationsruncountertothephilistinenarrow—mindednessofthosearoundher。8。Writtenin1837-38,tellsthestoryofanorphanboy,whoseadventuresprovidematerialforadescriptionofthelowerdepthsofLondon。9。IntheVictorianperiod,thebecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.10。Althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwithdifferenttechniques，theVictoriannovelistssharedonethingincommon,thatis,theywereallconcernedaboutthefateofthepeople。11.RobertBrowning’spoeticexperimentstransferredthethematicinterestofpoetryfrommerenarrationofthestorytorevelationandstudyofcharacters'andbroughttotheVictorianpoetrysomeelement。12.WutheringHeightsiswrittenby.Itisamorbidstoryoflove，butapowerfulattackonthebourgeoismarriagesystem。Itshowsthattrueloveinaclasssocietyisimpossibleof13.GeorgeMeredithisamasterof；hetriestoloadhisbookswithwitandwisdom;manyofhischaractersarepeoplewithideaswhoaredeterminedtovoicethem。14。Inhisworks,Dickenssetsoutafullmapandalarge—scalecriticismofthe19thcenturyEngland,particularly.15.“CultureandAnarchy”isMatthewArnold’srepresentativeworkinsocialcriticism。Itdealswiththewholestructureofand。16.MatthewArnoldregardedthequalityof“"astheprincipalvirtueofpoet.Hepaidgreatattentiontothemoralvaluesofpoetry，givingasecondaryplacetopoetryinwhich“theformisstudiedandexquisite”.17.“"isThomasMacaulay'smasterpiece。Macaulaydidnotintendtobeanobjectivehistorian.Hispurposeofwritingitistoeulogizethe“GloriousRevolution"，andheinterpretsmenandeventswithapartisanprejudice。18。Between1859and1885AlfredTennysonworkedathisnarrativepoemsbasedonthestoriesofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable。Thosepoemsweregatheredtogetheras.19。，novelistandpoet,isoneoftherepresentativesofEnglishcriticalrealismattheturnofthe19thcentury.20。Dickensmadehisfirstattemptatahistoricalnovelin,seeminglyanxioustodoforLondonwhatScotthaddoneforEdinburghinTheHeartofMidlothian。21.,oneofthecentury’sfinestnovels，tracestheriseandfallofMichaelHenchard，atough，egotisticalfellowwho，havingcommittedthefollyofdrunkenlysellinghiswifeandbabyatafair，turnsteetotalandbysheerperseverancerisestowealthasacorn—factorandtorespectabilityasMayorofCasterbridge。22.OliverTwistpresentsOliverTwistasDickens'sfirstheroandFaginthefirstfigure。23.JohnRuskin’swaswrittentodefendJ.M。W.Turner,theEnglishlandscapepainter,againsttheattacksonhispaintingsmadebytheconventionalcriticsoftheday。24。ThepurposeofbothTheSevenLampsofArchitectureandTheStonesofVeniceistoglorify,astyledistinguishedbyitshighandsharply—pointedarches,whichhadprevailedinWesternEuropefromthe12thtothe16th25。ThemostintenselyengagingthemesinthePallisernovelsarethestoriesofthe。26。JaneEyrerepresentsthoseworkingwomen，whoarestrugglingfortherecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasahumanbeing.27.TheHappyPrinceandOtherTalesandTheHouseofPomegranatesaretwocollectionsofwrittenbyOscarWilde。28。Inhernovels，GeorgeEliotseekstopresenttheofasoulandtorevealthemotives，impulsesandhereditaryinfluenceswhichgovernhumanaction。29。MiddlemarchprovidesapanoramicviewoflifeinasmallEnglishtownanditssurroundingcountrysideinthecentury。30。ThebookNewsfromNowhereisa，tellingthestoryofamanwhofallsasleepafteraneveningataSocialistLeaguemeeting.HewakesinthefuturetofindEnglandtransformedintoacommunistparadisewheremenandwomenarefree,healthy，andequal。31。isconsideredasSamuelButler’smasterpiece.Init,hesucceededingivingadevastatingpictureofthebourgeoisfamilyandthehypocrisyoftheBritishmiddleclass。ThisnovelisastrongchallengeofthemoralclaimsoftherulingclassesofEngland。32。Thepoem“AShropshireLad”recallsthepessimismof,thepoet’sfavoritenovelist。Thelinesaresosimpleandbeautifulthatmusicianslooktothemforsongstoset。33.ThetwomostpredominatingpoetsoftheVictorianperiodareand。34.InmanyofHardy’slaternovels,theconflictbetweentheandtheisbroughttothecenterofthestage.35.Asawomanofexceptionalintelligenceandlifeexperience,GeorgeEliotshowsaparticularconcernfortheofwomen.Ⅳ。Choosethebestanswer.1.WhichisNOTacharacterinDombeyandSon?A.CarkerB。Dombey

C。EdithD.Martin2。，thepioneeringwoman，accordingtoD。H.Lawrence,wasthefirstnovelistthat“startedputtingalltheactionsinside".

A。GeorgeEliotB.JaneAusten

C。CharlotteBronteD.EmilyBronte3.TheVictorianpoetrywasmainlycharacterizedbyexperimentswithnewstylesandnewwaysofexpression.Amongthesefamousexperimentalpoetswaswhocreatedtheversenovelbyadoptingthenovelisticpresentationofcharacters.

A。CharlesDickensB.AlfredTennyson

C。RobertBrowningD。ThomasHardy4。WhichoneisNOTWilliamMakepeaceThackeray’sworks?A。Sylvia'sLoverB。TheNewcomes

C。TheVirginiansD.TheHistoryofPendennis5.TheseworksarewrittenbyElizabethCleghornGaskellEXCEPT.A.MaryBartonB.Ruth

C。LittleDorritD。NorthandSouth6。WhichoneisWilliamMakepeaceThackeray’shistoricalnovel？A.VanityFair

B。TheHistoryofHenryEsmond

C.DenisDuval

D.RoundaboutPapers7?！痵worksarecharacterizedbyaminglingofhumorandpathos。A。ThomasHardyB.CharlesDickens

C.CharlotteBronteD。GeorgeEliot8。ThefollowingarethecommoncharacterssharedbythethreeBrontesistersEXCEPT。A.unmarriedB.literary

C.talentedD.dyingyoung9。WhichoneisNOTCharlotteBronte’snovel？A。ProfessorB.Villette

C。ShirleyD.AgnesGrey10.Mrs.Gaskell，GeorgeEliot，CharlotteBronteandEmilyBronteareNOTall。A。womennovelistsB.regionalnovelists

C.VictoriannovelistsD。pseudonymousnovelists11.WhichoneisNOTwrittenbyGeorgeMeredith？A.Middlemarch

B.EvanHarrington

C。EmiliainEngland

D.TheOrdealofRichardFeverel12.“HistoryoftheFrenchRevolution”iswrittenby.A。JohnRuskinB.CharlesDickensC。WilliamMakepeaceThackerayD.ThomasCarlyle13.’sfirstliterarysuccesswasthepublicationofhis“EssayonMilton"intheEdinburghReviewin1825。

A.ThomasMacaulayB.ThomasCarlyle

C.MatthewArnoldD.JohnRuskin14。WhichoneisNOTJohnRuskin’smajorworksinthesphereofartcriticism?

A.ModernPainters

B.TheSevenLampsofArchitecture

C。SesameandLilies

D.TheStonesofVenice15。'sworksareallaboutthestruggleofanindividualconsciousnesstowardsself-realization，aboutsomelonelyandneglectedyoungwomenwithafiercelongingforlove,understandingandafullhappylife。

A.GeorgeEliotB。CharlotteBronte

C.ThomasHardyD。JaneAusten16。isonethatintroducestotheEnglishnovelthefirstgovernessheroine.

A.JaneEyreB.WutheringHeights

C.MiddlemarchD。AgnesGrey17。isanelaborateandpowerfulexpressionofAlfredTennyson’sphilosophicalandreligiousthoughts.

A。IdyllsoftheKingB.Ulysses

C.Poems,ChieflyLyricalD.InMemoriam18。Hardy'sprincipalworksaretheWessexnovels,i。e.，novelsdescribingthecharactersandenvironmentofhisnativecountryside.isNOTincluded.

A。APairofBlueEyes

B。JudetheObscure

C.UndertheGreenwoodTree

D.TheReturnoftheNative19。WhichoneisThomasHardy’sfirstcollectionofpoems？A.Time'sLaughingstocks

B。SatiresofCircumstance

C.PoemsofthePastandthePresent

D。WessexPoems20。isbasedontheCelticlegendsofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable。

A.InMemoriamB。Ulysses

C。IdyllsoftheKingD.ThePrincess21.TheshortnovelTheWardenwaswrittenby.A.AnthonyTrollopeB。GeorgeMeredith

C.ThomasMacaulayD.MatthewArnold22.WhichoneisNOTincludedintheBarsetshirenovels?A.TheWardenB.BarchesterTowers

C。TheLastChronicleofBarsetD.Autobiography23.WhichoneisNOTincludedinthePallisernovels?A.TheEustaceDiamondsB。DoctorThorne

C。AsHeKnewHeWasRightD.TheWayWeLiveNow24.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtoRobertLouisStevenson'swritingsmanipulatingthegenresassociatedwithchildren？

A。AChild'sGardenofVersesB。PrinceOtto

C。TheBlackArrowD.Kidnapped25.OscarWilde’sfirstplay,openedinFebruary1892。A.AWomanofNoImportance

B.TheImportanceofBeingEarnest

C.AnIdealHusband

D.LadyWindermere’sFan26。initiatesanewtypeofrealismandsetsintomotionavarietyofdevelopments,leadinginthedirectionofboththenaturalisticandpsychologicalnovel。

A。CharlesDickensB.GeorgeEliotC。CharlotteBronteD。ThomasHardy

27.HenryJamesconsideredhismost“perfect”workofart。A。DaisyMillerB.ThePortraitofaLady

C。TheAmbassadorsD。TheWingsoftheDove28。isaremarkablypenetratingstudyofayounggirl’sawakening。A。RoderickHudsonB.TheTurnoftheScrew

C.TheGoldenBowlD。WhatMaisieKnew29。WhichoneisNOTwrittenbyDanteGabrielRossetti?A.JennyB.Prophyria'sLover

C.TheLastConfessionD。TheWoodspurge30.'sworksareknownas“novelsofcharactersandenvironment”.A。CharlesDickensB。ThomasHardy

C。JaneAustenD。GeorgeEliot31。’sbook，ChartistSongs，waspublishedinAugust1846.A。GeorgeJulianHarneyB.ThomasHood

C。A.E.HousmanD.ErnestJones32.WhileinprisonErnestJonesproducedhisepicpoem，.A.TheBattledayB.TheEmperor’sVigil

C.TheRevoltofHindostanD。TheBeldagonChurch33.TheDefenceofGuenevereandOtherPoemsiswrittenby.A。WilliamMorrisB。JohnRuskin

C.EdwardBurne—JonesD.DanteGabrielRossetti34。Morrisdevotedalotofhistimetopoliticalwriting。WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthepoliticalwritings？

A。ChantsforSocialistsB。ThePilgrimsofHope

C.DreamofJohnBallD。TheLifeandDeathofJason35。ThesatireErewhoniswrittenby.A。HenryJonesB。SamuelButler

C.GeorageMeredithD.R。A.Streatfeild36.opposedDarwin’sexplanationofevolution,findingittoomechanistic,andheexpoundedhisowntheoriesinEvolutionOldandNew,UnconsciousMemory,andLuckorCunning.

A。SamuelButlerB.HenryJones

C。OscarWildeD。A。E.Housman37。couldbeclassifiedtobebothanaturalisticandacriticalrealisticwriter.

A.CharlesDickensB。GeorgeEliot

C。ThomasHardyD。T.S。Eliot38.believesthatman'sfateispredeterminedlytragic,drivenbyacombinedforceof“nature"，bothinsideandoutside.

A。CharlesDickensB。ThomasHardy

C.GeorgeBernardShawD。T。S。Eliot39。Themajorconcernof'sfictionliesinthetracingofthepsychologicaldevelopmentofhischaractersandinhisenergeticcriticismofthedehumanizingeffectofthecapitalistindustrializationonhumannature.

A。CharlesDickensB.D.H.Lawrence

C。ThomasHardyD.JohnGalsworthy40。Thestatement“Itrevealsthedehumanizingworkhousesystemandthedark,criminalunderworldlife”maywellsumupthemainthemeofDickens’s。

A。DavidCopperfieldB.BleakHouse

C。GreatExpectationsD.OliverTwist41.“Doyouthink,becauseIampoor,obscure，plain，andlittle，Iamsoullessandheartless?...AndifGodhadgiftedmewithsomebeauty，andmuchwealth，Ishouldhavemadeitashardforyoutoleaveme,asitisnowformetoleaveyou?！?/p>

Theabovequotedpassageismostprobablytakenfrom。

A。PrideandPrejudiceB。JaneEyre

C。WutheringHeightsD。GreatExpectations42.“MyLastDuchess”isapoemthatbestexemplifiesRobertBrowning’s。

A。sensitiveearforthesoundsoftheEnglishlanguageB。excellentchoiceofwords

C。masteringofthemetricaldevices

D.useofthedramaticmonologue43.TessoftheD’Urbervilles，oneofThomasHardy’sbest—knownnovels,portraysmanas。

A。beinghereditarilyeithergoodorbad

B。beingself-sufficient

C。havingnocontroloverhisownfate

D。stillretaininghisownfaithinaworldofconfusion44.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthespeakerofT.S。Eliot’s“TheLoveSongofJ。AlfredPrufrock”?

A。Heisamanofanaction。B。Heisamanofapathy。

C。Heisamanofpassion。D.Heisamanofinactivity.45?！癋oraweekafterthecommissionoftheimpiousandprofaneoffenceofaskingformore,Oliverremainedacloseprisonerinthedarkandsolitaryroom.。?！保―ickens，OliverTwist）

WhatdidOliveraskfor?

A。Moretimetoplay.B.Morefoodtoeat。

C。Morebookstoread。D.Moremoneytospend。46?！癈ometome—cometomeentirelynow,”saidhe；andadded，inhisdeepesttone，speakinginmyearashischeekwaslaidonmine,“Makemyhappiness—Iwillmakeyours.”

Theabovepassagepresentsascenein。

A。EmilyBronte’sWutheringHeights

B.CharlotteBronte’sJaneEyre

C.JohnGalsworthy’sTheForsyteSaga

D。ThomasHardy’sTessoftheD47.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthenatureofThomasHardy’slaterworks?

A.Sentimentalism.B。Tragicsense.

C.Surrealism。D。Comicsense。48.InwhatregionofEnglandwasEmilyBronteraised?A。SussexB.Gloucestershire

C。YorkshireD.WarwickshireⅤ.Short—answerquestions.1。EmilyBronteusedaverycomplicatednarrativetechniqueinwritinghernovelWutheringHeights.TrytotellBronte’swayofnarration2。VanityFairisThackeray’smasterpiece.Pleasetalkbrieflyabouttheoriginofthetitleandthewriter’sintentionaboutthetitle。3.WhatisRobertBrowning'sprincipalachievementinEnglishpoetry？4.PleasemakeabriefcommentonDavidCopperfield。5.CharlotteBronteisawriterofRealismcombinedwithRomanticism.WhyisJaneEyrebyherasuccessfulnovel？6.PleasemakeabriefcommentonGeorgeMeredith'sTheEgoistanditscharacterorigin。7.PleasetalkbrieflyaboutThomasCarlyle'sclassificationofheroesinhiswork“HeroesandHero-Worship".8。HowisnaturalismreflectedinThomasHardy’snovels?9.BasedonJaneEyrebyCharlotteBronte,discussthethemeofherworksandtheimageofwomenprotagonists。10。WhatisthethemeofHardy’sWessexnovels?11。WhatisthemaincharacteristicofThomasMacaulay'sprosestyle？12。TalkbrieflyaboutthethemesofHenryJames'snovelsandhisstyle。13.AnalyzethecharacterofDorotheaBrookeinGeorgeEliot’sworkMiddlemarch。14。TalkbrieflyaboutthesymbolsandimagesinGreatExpectations。15.PleasemakeacommentonGeorgeEliot’scharacterportrayal.16。TessoftheD’UrbervillesisoneofthegreatestworksofThomasHardy。TrytocommentbrieflyonthefateofTessinthiswork.Ⅵ。Answerthequestionsaccordingtothefollowingpassages.Passage1“Whatnow？"saidCatherine，leaningback,andreturninghislookwithasuddenlycloudedbrow—herhumourwasamerevaneforconstantlyvaryingcaprices?！癥ouandEdgarhavebrokenmyheart，Heathcliff！Andyoubothcometobewailthedeedtome,asifyouwerethepeopletobepitied！Ishallnotpityyou，notI.Youhavekilledme-thrivenonit，Ithink。Howstrongyouare！HowmanyyearsdoyoumeantoliveafterIamgone？”Heathcliffhadkneltononekneetoembraceher;heattemptedtorise,butsheseizedhishair，andkepthimdown?！癐wishIcouldholdyou,”shecontinued,bitterly，“tillwewerebothdead!Ishouldn’tcarewhatyousuffered。Icarenothingforyoursufferings。Whyshouldn'tyousuffer？Ido!Willyouforgetme—willyoubehappywhenIamintheearth？Willyousaytwentyyearshence，‘That’sthegraveofCatherineEarnshaw.Ilovedherlongago，andwaswretchedtoloseher;butitispast.I’velovedmanyotherssince—mychildrenaredearertomethanshewas,and,atdeath，IshallnotrejoicethatIamgoingtoher,IshallbesorrythatImustleavethem!’Willyousayso,Heathcliff?”“Don’ttorturemetillI’masmadasyourself，"criedhe,wrenchinghisheadfree，andgrindinghisteeth。

Questions：

1.Whereisittakenfrom？

2。AnalyzethecharacterofHeathcliffbriefly.

3。Whatisthethemeofthestory？

Passage2

Break，Break，Break，

Break，break,break，Onthycoldgreystones，OSea！

AndIwouldthatmytonguecouldutterThethoughtsthatariseinme。

Owellforthefisherman’sboy,Thatheshoutswithhissisteratplay!Owellforthesailorlad，Thathesingsinhisboatonthebay！AndthestatelyshipsgoonTotheirhavenunderthehill；

ButOforthetouchofavanishedhand，Andthesoundofavoicethatisstill！Break，break,break,Atthefootofthycrags，OSea！

ButthetendergraceofadaythatisdeadWillnevercomebacktome。

Questions:

4.Whoistheauthorofthepoem？

5.Whydidtheauthorwritethispoem？

6.Pleaseanalyzethestressofeachlineandthatofthestanza.

7.Whateffecthasbeenachievedbythevariationofthestress?

Passage3

Sorunsmydream；butwhatamI?

Aninfantcryinginthenight；

Aninfantcryingforthelight,

Andwithnolanguagebutacry?

IfalterwhereIfirmlytrod,

Andfallingwithmyweightofcares

Uponthegreatworld'saltar-stairs

ThatslopethroughdarknessuptoGod。

Istretchlamehandsoffaith,andgrope，

Andgatherdustandchaff,andcall

TowhatIfeelisLordofall,

Andfaintlytrustthelargerhope.

(thelargerhope:thehopeofanafter-life）Questions：

8.ItistakenfromInMemoriam,AlfredTennyson'slongelegiacpoem.What’sthethemeofit？

9。What'stherhythmofthepoem？

10.What’syourunderstandingof“I"inthepoem？

11。Whatmessagedoesthepoetconveyabouthisreligiousbelief?

12.PleasemakeabriefcommentonInMemoriam。KeysⅠ.Essayquestions.1.Ruskin’sworksonartexpoundhisaestheticthoughtsandprincipleswhichmaybesummedupbrieflyasfollows：(1）Theobjectofartistofindandexpressthetruthinnature；andart，inordertoexpressthetruth,mustcopynatureandsooftenbreakawayfromoldandsetrulesandconventions.（2）Artisalliedwithmorality,andthereexistsacloserelationbetweengoodnessandbeauty，andbetweenwickednessandugliness。Acarefulstudyoftheartofanynationrevealsthemoralstrengthorweaknessofthepeoplethatproduceit.(3)Themainpurposeofartisnottodelightafewculturedpeoplebuttoservethepracticalendsofpeople’sdailylife:“Thejoywhichisindeedajoyforevermustbeajoyforall.”(4)Ruskinhadastrongdislikeformodemcapitalistcivilizationwhichwastohim“uglinessitself"。Hecondemnedthemodern“monetaryasceticism,consistingintherefusalofpleasureandknowledgeforthesakeofmoney”。Heaimedatrevivingbyartthekindofsocietyinwhichaworkercouldexpresshimselffreelyandenjoy“work—pleasure”.Ruskinwashimselffanartist，skilledindrawingandpainting。Whenhewroteonart,heknewwhathewastalkingabout。Moreover,hewroteinarhythmicalstyleandhissentencesarefullofpicturesquedetailandcolor.Allthismakeshim“theapostleofbeauty”whohelpsthereadertoseeandappreciatethebeautyoftheworldaroundhim.2。ThethemeunderlyingATaleofTwoCitiesistheidea“Wherethereisoppression，thereisrevolution”.HadtherebeennoBastille,andnoprivilegedandlawlessaristocrats,therewouldhavebeennoFrenchRevolution，andlikewisenostoryofDr.Manette.TherevolutionariesarerepresentedinthenovelbyDefarge，Dr。Manette’sservant,whoisoneofthesufferingpoorandhastakentheDoctor’swrongsmoretoheartthantheDoctorhimself,andMadameDefargetheyoungersisterofthewrongedandmurderedsisterandbrother,victimsoftheevilhouseofEvremond。TheDefargeshavebeenworkingwithnever-ceasingdiligencetopreparetheDayofWrathandareintheforefrontoftheassaultontheBastille.Theyarerelentlessrevolutionaries，seekingthepeople’svengeanceonthecriminalnoblelords.Thenovelranksasvillainsthefeudalaristocratsandtheirlackeys,andexaltsasheroestheoppressedandsufferingpeasants，theindustriousprofessionalmen，andthefaithfulandhonestpeopleeverywhere，includingthe“failures"suchasSidneyCarton。Dickenshastakencaretoshowthatthepeople'slustforvengeanceisbutthedirectresultoftherulingclasses'monstrousatrocities。Itistheiriniquitousrulethathasconvertedsimple,honestpeopleintoavengingfuriesliketheDefarges.ByCarton，Dickensshowshowaverygood—naturedandgenerousyouthmaysink，throughlackofregardandofself—regard，intoadrifter,andfinallyawaster,inanevilsociety.ATaleofTwoCitiestakes，asdearlyasDickens’searlierworks,thesideofthecommonpeopleagainstthatoftheprivilegedclasses.Butitadds,moreplainlythananyofhisothernovels，awarningofanAvengingFate,fromfearofwhichalltheprivileged,andalloppressorsofthepeople，woulddowelltoreconsidertheirways.3。Dickensisacomprehensivenovelist.Hischaracter-portrayalisthemostdistinguishingfeatureofhiscreation.Hisworldseemstobefullerandricherthanmanyothernovelists。Amonghisvastrangeofvariouscharacters，therearebothtypesandindividuals.Theyareimpressivenotbecausetheyaretruetolife，butbecausetheyaremostlylargerthanlife，seldomtobefoundinreallife。Oftentheyarehumorousexaggerationsofsomewell-markedhumantraits—sometimesone’spersonalmannerofspeech,sometimeshishabitualgestureorbehaviorandsometimesjustsomephysicalpeculiarity。Inmanycases,universalexperiencebecomesindividualizedintypes。Dickensisbestatchildcharacterportrayal。Almostallhischildheroesandheroinesareinnocent,virtuous，persecutedorhelpless。Theyarespotlessintheirthoughts，intentionsandwishes.Intheveryheartandsoul,theyarepure，refinedandgentle—hearted。SomeofthemostunforgettablecharacterslikeOliverTwist，LittleNell,PaulDombey，DavidCopperfield,LittleDorrit,andLittlePip,havebecomefamoustypecharacters.Hissuccesswithchildrenliesinhiswritingfromachild'spointofview。Childrenareinstinctive，andtheyhavestrongimaginations，vividsensations；theyseelifeasblackandwhite,andbiggerthanreality；theirenemiesseemdemons，andtheirfriendsangels；andtheirjoysorsorrowsabsoluteandeternal。Theydonotlookatlifewiththeeyesofthewise,theintellectualortheinstructedobserver；theyarenotashamedofsentiment.Infact,theyseelifeverymuchlikeDickensandhecertainlydoeshaveanextraordinaryunderstandingofthem.ThefirsthalvesofDavidCopperfieldandGreatExpectationsareamongthemostprofoundpicturesofchildhoodinEnglishliterature。HereDickensseemsnotonlyliving，butlife-like,forthoughtheworldismoreexaggerated，litbybrighterlights，darkenedbysharpershadowsthanthoseofgrown—up’s,itisexactlytheworldasitisseenthroughtheeyesofachild.Dickensisalsofamousforthecharacterizationofhorribleandgrotesquefiguresandheisabletoportrayacharacterwithjustafewwordsorbyhighlightingorexaggeratingsomepeculiarfeaturesofhischaracters。4.Jan