高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南師大附中2025屆高三下學(xué)期英語模擬試卷二第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASeastoriesaresomethingthatfascinateseverythingrightfromchildhood.Seaismysteriousforallofusandstoriesrelatedtoitaresuretogeteveryonekeenandinterested.Seastoriesareaperfectmixofmystery,adventure,thrill,aweandexcitement.So,herewepresentourpickofthebestfourseastoriesofalltimesinEnglishliterature.MobyDickbyHermanMelvilleThisbookisnottobemissedbyallwholoveseastories.Thisisthemostfamousbookaboutwhalingthateverwas.MelvillegotinspiredtowritethisbookwhenhewasshippingaboardaYankee(北方佬)whaler.Thethree-partclimaxisthemostlovedpartofthebook.Kon-TikibyThorHeyerdahlInthisbook,themissionofHeyerdahlistoprovethatSouthAmericanIndianshavetheoptionofmigratingtoPolynesia.Heandhiscrewstandonalightraftandtakeoneofthegreatestreal-lifeseaepicsofalltimes.TreasureIslandbyRobertLouisStevensonThisisthegrandworkofallseastories.Writtenin1883,thisadventurenovelnarratesataleof“piratesandburiedgold”.Itisoneofthemostpopularseanovelsofalltimesanditsinfluenceonpopularperceptionofpirateswitheyepatchesandone-legsailorswithparrotsontheirshouldersisdominatingtheworldliteratureandmovieseventoday.SailingAloneAroundtheWorldbyJoshuaSlocumSlocumisaCanadianwhoisprobablythelastofthegreatAmericansailor.Hisfameliesinthefactthathesailedhisvessel,theSpray,inanunassistedsailboat.Thisbookisdefinitelyamongthebestofthereal-lifeseaadventures.1.WhatdotheworksbyHeyerdahlandSlocumhaveincommon?A.Theyhavethree-partclimaxes.B.Theyfocusonsailingandwhaling.C.TheirauthorsareCanadiansailors.D.Theyarebasedontheauthors’realexperiences.2.Ifareaderwantstoreadstoriesaboutpirates,whichbookcanheorshechoose?A.MobyDick. B.Kon-Tiki.C.TreasureIsland. D.SailingAloneAroundtheWorld.3.Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Abookguide. B.Anacademicreport.C.Aconferencenotice. D.Afashionmagazine.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四部經(jīng)典的海洋題材文學(xué)作品，包括《白鯨記》、《孤筏重洋》、《金銀島》和《獨(dú)自環(huán)球航行》，分別概述了它們的核心內(nèi)容和文學(xué)價(jià)值?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Kon-Tiki

byThorHeyerdahl”部分中“Heandhiscrewstandonalightraftandtakeoneofthegreatestreal-lifeseaepicsofalltimes.(他和他的船員們站在一艘輕便的木筏上，上演了有史以來最偉大的真實(shí)海上史詩之一。)”以及“SailingAloneAroundtheWorld

byJoshuaSlocum”部分中“SlocumisaCanadianwhoisprobablythelastofthegreatAmericansailor.Hisfameliesinthefactthathesailedhisvessel,theSpray,inanunassistedsailboat.(斯洛克姆是加拿大人，很可能是最后一位偉大的美國(guó)航海家。他的名聲源于他獨(dú)自駕駛單桅帆船‘斯普雷號(hào)’完成航行的壯舉。)”可知，兩本書均基于作者真實(shí)航海經(jīng)歷。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TreasureIsland

byRobertLouisStevenson”部分中“Writtenin1883,thisadventurenovelnarratesataleof“piratesandburiedgold”.(這部創(chuàng)作于1883年的冒險(xiǎn)小說講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于‘海盜與藏寶’的故事。)”及“itsinfluenceonpopularperceptionofpirateswitheyepatchesandone-legsailorswithparrotsontheirshouldersisdominatingtheworldliteratureandmovieseventoday(它是有史以來最受歡迎的海洋小說之一，它對(duì)戴著眼罩的海盜和肩膀上有鸚鵡的獨(dú)腿水手的大眾認(rèn)知的影響直到今天仍然主導(dǎo)著世界文學(xué)和電影。)”可知，該書以海盜為主題，如果一個(gè)讀者想讀關(guān)于海盜的故事，他或她可以選擇《金銀島》（TreasureIsland）一書。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“So,herewepresentourpickofthebestfourseastoriesofalltimesinEnglishliterature.(因此，我們?cè)诖司x了英語文學(xué)史上最杰出的四部海洋故事呈現(xiàn)給大家。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章推薦四部海洋題材的文學(xué)作品，并簡(jiǎn)要介紹各書特色，符合書籍推薦指南的特征。故選A。BYouTubephenomenonIShowSpeed’srecentwhirlwindtourofChinahasunexpectedlyevolvedintoamasterclassinculturaldiplomacy(外交)that’sgainingmillionsofviewsandchallengingWesternperceptionsofChina.The19-year-oldstreamer,withhis37millionfollowers,hasbecomeanaccidentalambassadorforChinesesoftpowerthroughhisexplorationofBeijingandShanghai.Speed’slivestreamsfromChinahavecapturedglobalattention,ashebouncedbetweeniconiclandmarksliketheGreatWallandengagedwithlocalsinimpromptu(即興的，無準(zhǔn)備的)interactions.Hisviralmoments—likeperformingbackflipsattheGreatWallorchallenginglocalstoping-pongmatches—havegeneratedunprecedentedinterestinChinesecultureamongyoungglobalaudiences.HiscontenthascreatedararecrossovermomentbetweenWesternandChinesesocialmediaecosystems.China’sstatemedialikeGlobalTimeshavehighlightedhowhisstreamsrepresentanewformofculturalexchange,capturingaudiencesinwaysconventionalmediacannot.ThetourcoincidesperfectlywithChina’seffortstorevitalizetourismandreshapeitsglobalimage.ChineseofficialshavestrategicallyembracedSpeed’svisit,seeingitasanopportunitytopresentamorenuancedviewofthecountry.Speed'slivestreamsvividlyreflectallaspectsofordinaryChinesepeople’sdailylives.ThecommentsectionsofhisvideosarefilledwithviewersexpressingsurpriseatChina’smodernityandthewarmthofitspeople—perceptionsthatdiffermarkedlyfromtypicalWesternmediaportrayals.Whileskepticsmightquestionwhethersuchvisitsrepresentauthenticculturalexchangeorcarefullyorchestratedsoftpower,theimpactonviewersremainssignificant.There’salsoopenacknowledgmentfromthelikesofShaunRein,thefounderandManagingDirectoroftheChinaMarketResearchGroup,whohaswrittennumerousbooksthatpromoteChina’scultureonaglobalscale.Reinexclaimed,“SpeedhasdonemoretohelpChina’ssoftpowerinonedaythanIhaveinmy30-yearcareer.AllhailSpeed.”IShowSpeed’sChinaadventuresdemonstratehowindividualcontentcreatorscanbridgeculturaldividesinwaystraditionaldiplomacyoftenfailstoachieve.4.WhatcanweknowaboutSpeedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Heisassignedasanambassadorincultureexchange.B.HisvideosconcentrateontraditionalChineseculture.C.Hehasshownanintenseinterestinhistoricalsites.D.HisvideosofferamorecomprehensiveviewofChina.5.WhatmainlymadeSpeed’sChinatripviral?A.HisinsightfulperceptionsofChineseculture.B.HisofficialrecognitionbyChineseauthorities.C.Hismassivefanbaseandauthenticengagement.D.Hismasteryinbackflipskillsandping-pong.6.Theunderlinedword“nuanced”inparagraph4mostlikelymeans______.A.restful B.detailed C.beautified D.cautious7.WhydoesthepassageincludeShaunRein’scommentaboutSpeed’simpact?A.ToshowcaseexpertproofofSpeed’ssoftpowereffect.B.ToexpressskepticismaboutSpeed’sculturalinfluence.C.TodemonstratethevalueofpromotingChina’simage.D.Tohighlighttheinefficiencyoftraditionaldiplomacy.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講述了YouTube網(wǎng)紅IShowSpeed(甲亢哥)的中國(guó)之旅意外成為文化外交的典范，通過他的視頻向全球觀眾展示了中國(guó)更全面、真實(shí)的形象，挑戰(zhàn)了西方對(duì)中國(guó)的刻板印象?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“The19-year-oldstreamer,withhis37millionfollowers,hasbecomeanaccidentalambassadorforChinesesoftpowerthroughhisexplorationofBeijingandShanghai.(這位19歲的主播擁有3700萬粉絲，通過對(duì)北京和上海的探索，他意外成為了中國(guó)軟實(shí)力的大使。)”和第二段“Hisviralmoments—likeperformingbackflipsattheGreatWallorchallenginglocalstoping-pongmatches—havegeneratedunprecedentedinterestinChinesecultureamongyoungglobalaudiences.(他的走紅時(shí)刻——比如在長(zhǎng)城表演后空翻，或者挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)?shù)厝藚⒓悠古仪虮荣悺谌蚰贻p觀眾中引發(fā)了對(duì)中國(guó)文化前所未有的興趣。)”可知，Speed的視頻并非刻意聚焦傳統(tǒng)文化或歷史遺址，而是通過真實(shí)互動(dòng)展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)更全面的面貌。故選D。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Speed’slivestreamsfromChinahavecapturedglobalattention,ashebouncedbetweeniconiclandmarksliketheGreatWallandengagedwithlocalsinimpromptu(即興的，無準(zhǔn)備的)interactions.(Speed在中國(guó)的直播吸引了全球的關(guān)注，他在長(zhǎng)城等標(biāo)志性建筑之間蹦蹦跳跳，與當(dāng)?shù)厝思磁d互動(dòng)。)”和第三段中“HiscontenthascreatedararecrossovermomentbetweenWesternandChinesesocialmedia.(他的內(nèi)容實(shí)現(xiàn)了中西社交媒體的罕見破圈。)”可知，爆紅主因是其龐大的粉絲基礎(chǔ)和真實(shí)互動(dòng)，而非官方認(rèn)可或特定技能。故選C?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“ChineseofficialshavestrategicallyembracedSpeed’svisit,seeingitasanopportunitytopresentamorenuancedviewofthecountry.(中國(guó)官員戰(zhàn)略性地接納了Speed的訪問，將其視為展示更“nuanced”國(guó)家形象的機(jī)會(huì)。)”及后文“reflectallaspectsofordinaryChinesepeople’sdailylives(反映普通人生活的方方面面)”可推斷，中國(guó)官員向Speed展示了普通人的生活的方方面面，這都是細(xì)微的方面。由此可推斷，劃線單詞“nuanced”應(yīng)指“細(xì)致入微的”。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中“Reinexclaimed,“SpeedhasdonemoretohelpChina’ssoftpowerinonedaythanIhaveinmy30-yearcareer.AllhailSpeed.”(Rein感嘆道：“Speed在一天內(nèi)為中國(guó)的軟實(shí)力所做的貢獻(xiàn)比我30年職業(yè)生涯中的貢獻(xiàn)還要多。全速前進(jìn)?！?”可推知，引用專家言論是為了佐證Speed的實(shí)際影響力。故選A。CIfsomeoneaskedyouiftreescouldtalktoeachother,youmightsayno.Butscientistsarelisteningtotreesinwholenewways.Nowtheythinktheanswertothatquestionisyes.Treesdon’twhispertoeachotheronthewind.Theytalktoeachotherwiththehelpoffungi(mushrooms)deepunderground.Scientistssometimescallthisthe“woodwideweb”,becauseit'sabitlikeaninternetfortrees.Howdoesitwork?Imaginefollowingatreerootdeepunderground.Younoticethattherootsarecoveredinfinewhitefuzzthatstretchesoutintothesoil,likeacottonyweb.Didspidersdothis?No,thewhitethreadsarehyphae,theundergroundpartofmushrooms.Thehyphae’sjobistosoakupmineralsandwaterfromthesoil.Thefungiusesomethemselvesandpasssometothetreestheystickto.Inexchange,theysipsomeofthesugarthetreesmake.Thesethinfungus(fungi的單數(shù)形式)threadscanconnectmanytrees,stretchingformilesunderground.Andtreescanusethefungusnetworktoexchangefoodandchemicalswitheachother—atreeformoftalking.Scientistsdiscoveredthiswhentheywerestudyinghowcarbontravelsthroughatree.Theyfedonetreeaspecialkindofcarbondioxide,andmeasuredwhereitwentintherootsandleaves.Totheirsurprise,theyalsofoundthespecialcarbonintherootsofnearbytrees—evenofcompletelydifferentspecies.Thetreesweresharing!Treesinaforestcanusetheundergroundfungusnetworktohelpeachother.Theysendextrasugaralongtoneighborswhoaresickorinjuredordon’tgetenoughsun.Theycanalsousethenetworktowarneachotherofdanger.Ifatreeisbeingbittenbybugs,itgeneratessomethingpoisonoustodriveawaybugs.Othertreestastethisthroughthefungusnetwork.Thenitsneighborsalsostartmakingpoison,beforethebugsarrive.Thatway,allthetreeswillsurvive.Treescanalsosoundthealarmwithscents.InAfrica,whenagiraffechewsonanacaciatree,theleavesreleaseethylene(乙烯)gas.Leavesonothertreesbreatheintheethylene,whichmotivatesthemtofilltheirleaveswithpoison.Giraffeswalkrightpastthemandsnackonanothertreefartheraway.Sothoughtreesmaybequietgiants,theycansayplenty,ifyouknowhowtolisten.8.Howcantreescommunicatewitheachother?A.Withthehelpofwind. B.ViatheInternet.C.Withtheaidoffungi. D.Byexchangingfoodandsugar.9.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Spidersmakewebstohelpwithtrees’communication.B.Fungitakeinsugarandmineralsfromthetrees.C.Treescanexchangefoodandchemicalswithfungi.D.Thefactthattreescansharewitheachotherwasfoundaccidentally.10.Whatisparagraph6mainlyabout?A.Treescanexaminewhethertheirneighborsaresickorinjured.B.Treescanproducesomethingspecialtoprotectthemselves.C.Treescanhelpeachotherinaninvisibleway.D.Treescanhelppreventtheirneighborsfrombugbiting.11.Whydoestheauthormentiongiraffesinparagraph7?A.Tocallonustoprotectwildanimals.B.Totellusanotherwayusedbytreestowarnneighbortrees.C.Toshowustheinformationthatgiraffesareparticularabouttheleaves.D.Totellusthatgiraffescanmotivatetreestoreleasesomethingpoisonous.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普說明文，主要講述了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)樹木之間可以通過地下真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行交流的現(xiàn)象，包括分享養(yǎng)分、傳遞危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)等?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Theytalktoeachotherwiththehelpoffungi(mushrooms)deepunderground.(它們通過深埋地下的真菌互相交流)”可知，樹木的交流方式是借助真菌完成的。故選C。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Scientistsdiscoveredthiswhentheywerestudyinghowcarbontravelsthroughatree.Theyfedonetreeaspecialkindofcarbondioxide,andmeasuredwhereitwentintherootsandleaves.Totheirsurprise,theyalsofoundthespecialcarbonintherootsofnearbytrees—evenofcompletelydifferentspecies.Thetreesweresharing!(科學(xué)家們?cè)谘芯刻既绾卧跇淠局袀鬏敃r(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一現(xiàn)象。他們給一棵樹施以一種特殊的二氧化碳，并測(cè)量了其在根部和葉片的分布位置。令他們驚訝的是，他們還在附近樹木的根部發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種特殊的碳——甚至是完全不同的樹種。樹木在共享！)”可推知，樹木之間能夠互相分享的現(xiàn)象是科學(xué)家偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選D。【10題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第六段中關(guān)鍵句“Treesinaforestcanusetheundergroundfungusnetworktohelpeachother.(森林中的樹木可以利用地下的真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)互相幫助。)”可知，本段主要描述樹木通過地下真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)互相幫助，例如為生病或受傷的鄰居提供額外糖分，以及傳遞危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)。因此，本段主旨是樹木能以隱蔽的方式互相支持。故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第七段中“Treescanalsosoundthealarmwithscents.InAfrica,whenagiraffechewsonanacaciatree,theleavesreleaseethylene(乙烯)gas.

Leavesonothertreesbreatheintheethylene,whichmotivatesthemtofilltheirleaveswithpoison.(樹木也可以用氣味發(fā)出警報(bào)。在非洲，當(dāng)長(zhǎng)頸鹿咀嚼一棵金合歡樹時(shí)，樹葉會(huì)釋放乙烯氣體。其他樹木的葉子吸入乙烯，促使它們?cè)谧约旱娜~子中充滿毒素。)”可推知，作者提到長(zhǎng)頸鹿是為了說明樹木還能通過氣味傳遞警告信號(hào)。故選B。DDietscomeanddietsgo.Oneofthemostpopulartodayis“intermittentfasting”,whichlimitsone’sfoodintaketocertaintimewindows.Onepopularvariant,the“5-2diet”,requireseatingeitherverysmallamounts,ornothingatall,ontwodaysaweek,butallowsnormaleatingontheotherfive.Asaweight-lossstrategy,intermittentfastingissimple—nocaloriecountingormajordietarychanges.Limitingtherestrictionstoacoupleofdaysaweek,orseveralhoursadayalsorequireslesswillpower,whichmightmakeiteasiertostickwith.NicholaLudlam-Raine,adietitianandspokeswomanfortheBritishDieteticAssociation,notesthatintermittentfastingseemstoworkroughlyaswellforweightlossastraditionalcalorie-countingdoes.Beyondweightmanagement,animalstudiessuggestfastingmayextendlifespanbyupto40%,slowaging,andreducecancerrisk.Exactlyhowitdoesallthatisnotentirelyclear.Oneimportantfactorseemstobeautophagy(細(xì)胞自噬),theprocessbywhichcellsbreakdownandrecyclepartsofthemselves.Thehopeisthatintermittentfastingmighthaveasimilarresponseinhumans,sincewesharethesebiologicalresponseswithotheranimals.Butrunningdefinitivehumantrialsofthesortdoneonlabanimalsisimpossible.“Whenwesay‘calorierestriction’wemeannearlystarving[theanimals],”saysAdamCollins,anutritionresearcherattheUniversityofSurrey.Currentresearchonintermittentfastingreliesonlimited,short-termstudiesusingmoderatebiomarkerslikeinsulin(胰島素)/cholesterol(膽固醇)levels.Theirresultsaremixed.AreviewpaperpublishedinApril2024lookedat23otherstudiesandconcludedthatintermittentfastingwasslightlybetterthanordinarydietingforoverweightpeoplewhenitcametoimprovinglevelsofcholesterolandinsulin.Asimilararticle,publishedinJanuary,foundnomeaningfuldifferenceforeitherweightlossorcardiovascular(心血管的)health.Therearealsorisks.AstudyinmicepublishedinNatureinOctober2024foundthatseverefasting(wherecalorieswerecutby40%)haddownsides,includingmusclemasslossand,possibly,weakenedimmunesystems.Moderation,too,shouldbetakeninmoderation.12.Whichofthefollowingispracticingintermittentfasting?A.Anathletestrictlycontrollingfatintakeasthecoachrequires.B.ATVhostweighingallfoodtocountcaloriesbeforeeating.C.Anofficeworkertryingtoloseweightbyeatingonly2mealseveryday.D.AclerkonregularmealsbutskippingmealsonMondaysandThursdays.13.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Fastingaffectshumansandanimalsinthesameway.B.Calorierestrictionforanimalsismilderthanforhumans.C.Humantrialslikeanimalonesforintermittentfastingareno-gos.D.Autophagyplaysadefiniteroleinexplainingthebenefitsoffasting.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsintermittentfasting?A.Enthusiastic. B.Subjective. C.Favorable. D.Impartial.15.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheSecretsofFasting:AScientificWarningB.IntermittentFasting:APopularbutMysteriousDietC.CalorieCountingvs.Fasting:WhichWorksBetter?D.FromAnimaltoHuman:TheScienceBehindFasting【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了間歇性禁食（intermittentfasting）這一流行的飲食方式，包括其具體做法、可能的健康益處、相關(guān)研究結(jié)果以及潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Onepopularvariant,the‘5-2diet’,requireseatingeitherverysmallamounts,ornothingatall,ontwodaysaweek,butallowsnormaleatingontheotherfive.(一種流行的變體“5-2飲食法”要求每周有兩天只吃極少量的食物或完全不吃，但其他五天可以正常進(jìn)食)”可知，間歇性禁食的核心是“特定時(shí)間禁食，其他時(shí)間正常飲食”。選項(xiàng)D“一名職員平時(shí)正常吃飯，但周一和周四禁食”符合這一描述。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Butrunningdefinitivehumantrialsofthesortdoneonlabanimalsisimpossible.(但像對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室動(dòng)物那樣對(duì)人類進(jìn)行明確的試驗(yàn)是不可能的)”可推知，像動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)菢訉?duì)人類進(jìn)行間歇性禁食的嚴(yán)格試驗(yàn)是不可行的。故選C?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。全文作者既提到間歇性禁食的潛在益處（如減肥、延長(zhǎng)壽命等），也提到研究結(jié)果的不確定性（“Theirresultsaremixed”）和潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（如肌肉流失、免疫系統(tǒng)減弱），并未表現(xiàn)出明顯的傾向性。因此，作者的態(tài)度是客觀中立的。選項(xiàng)D“Impartial(公正的)”符合文意。故選D。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了間歇性禁食這種流行的飲食方式，包括它的具體模式、作為減肥策略的優(yōu)點(diǎn)、在動(dòng)物研究中的潛在益處等，但它是怎樣達(dá)到這些功效的尚未揭曉，說明它是一種受歡迎但又比較神秘的飲食方式，選項(xiàng)B“IntermittentFasting:APopularbutMysteriousDiet(間歇性禁食：流行但神秘的飲食法)”最能概括全文主旨。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whilecompliments(贊揚(yáng))mayseemsimple,theycanhavealargeimpactonyouandthepeoplearoundyou,creatingarippleofpositivity.However,givingcomplimentsrequiresskillsandknowledge.Mostcomplimentsinourculturefollowaverypredictablepattern.___16___Abouttwo-thirdsofcomplimentsintheUSaremadeusingjustfiveadjectives:nice,good,beautiful,pretty,andgreat.Inaddition,about80%ofcomplimentsfollowthreeformats.SoifIlikedabookyouwroteandwantedtosaysomethingpositiveaboutit,mycomplimentwouldprobablyfollowoneofthesebasicpatterns:“Yourbookisgreat,”“Iloveyourbook,”or“Thatisaterrificbook.”___17___Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceivefarmorecomplimentsthanmen.Aboutthree-quartersofwomen'scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,informalsettinginvolveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareaboutperformance.___18___Whetherthecomplimentiseffectivedependsonwhetheritisbelievable,appropriate,andunqualified.___19___Ifyoutellmemyhairlooksgood,Iwilldismissitandsuspectyourmotives,becauseIhavelittlehair.Moregenerally,peoplewithlowself-esteemdon’tusuallyreceivecomplimentswell.Asresearchershaveshown,inpeoplewithhighself-esteem,acomplimentstimulatespartsofthebrainresponsibleforself-referentialthinking.Thisoccurssignificantlylessforpeoplewhohavelowself-esteem.Evenifacomplimentagreeswithone’sself-image,scholarsconcluded,itmustmeetthreecriteriatobeacceptedbyitsobject.___20___Itmustbesincere.Anditmustoccurintheappropriatecontext.A.Theymustfollowthebasicpatterns.B.Peopletendtodismisspraisefromthosetheydislike.C.Thepraisemustcomefromapersonwhoistrustworthy.D.Agoodcomplimentmustmatchitsreceiver’sself-image.E.Theytypicallyfocusonappearance,abilities,orbelongings.F.Whatwechoosetocomplimentvariesbetweenmenandwomen.G.Men,however,oftenpraiseeachotherbasedonskillsinanysituation.【答案】16.E17.F18.G19.D20.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要探討贊揚(yáng)的作用、模式、性別差異以及有效贊揚(yáng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！?6題詳析】前文提到“Mostcomplimentsinourculturefollowaverypredictablepattern.(大多數(shù)贊揚(yáng)遵循可預(yù)測(cè)的模式)”，后文“Abouttwo-thirdsofcomplimentsintheUSaremadeusingjustfiveadjectives:nice,good,beautiful,pretty,andgreat.(美國(guó)約三分之二的贊美僅使用五個(gè)形容詞：好、不錯(cuò)、漂亮、美麗、太棒了。)”舉例說明美國(guó)三分之二的贊揚(yáng)使用五個(gè)形容詞和三種固定句式。由此可知，空處應(yīng)總結(jié)贊揚(yáng)的常見內(nèi)容。E項(xiàng)“它們通常聚焦于外貌、能力或所屬物”與上下文形成總分關(guān)系，概括了后文具體例證的內(nèi)容，故選E?！?7題詳析】后文“Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceivefarmorecomplimentsthanmen.Aboutthree-quartersofwomen’scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,informalsettinginvolveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareaboutperformance.(例如2011年有學(xué)者指出，在非結(jié)構(gòu)化場(chǎng)景中，女性給予和接收的贊美遠(yuǎn)多于男性。在非正式場(chǎng)合，女性間約75%的贊美涉及外貌；而在目標(biāo)明確的正式場(chǎng)合，68%的表揚(yáng)與工作表現(xiàn)相關(guān)。)”通過2011年學(xué)者研究數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)比男女在不同場(chǎng)景中給予/接收贊揚(yáng)的差異（如女性更多贊美外貌）?？仗幮枰鲂詣e差異的主題。F項(xiàng)“我們選擇贊美的內(nèi)容因性別而異”與后文形成因果關(guān)系，故選F?！?8題詳析】前文“Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceivefarmorecomplimentsthanmen.Aboutthree-quartersofwomen’scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,informalsettinginvolveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareaboutperformance.(例如2011年有學(xué)者指出，在非結(jié)構(gòu)化場(chǎng)景中，女性給予和接收的贊美遠(yuǎn)多于男性。在非正式場(chǎng)合，女性間約75%的贊美涉及外貌；而在目標(biāo)明確的正式場(chǎng)合，68%的表揚(yáng)與工作表現(xiàn)相關(guān)。)”指出在非結(jié)構(gòu)化場(chǎng)景中，女性給予和接收的贊美遠(yuǎn)多于男性，并進(jìn)一步討論女性在非正式場(chǎng)合多贊美外貌，正式場(chǎng)合多贊美表現(xiàn)；空處應(yīng)該承接上文，進(jìn)一步闡述女性給予和接收的贊美遠(yuǎn)多于男性。G項(xiàng)“然而，男性在任何情境下都傾向于基于技能互相贊美”與前文形成性別對(duì)比，故選G。【19題詳析】前文“Whetherthecomplimentiseffectivedependsonwhetheritisbelievable,appropriate,andunqualified.(贊美是否有效取決于它是否可信、恰當(dāng)且無條件)”提出有效贊揚(yáng)需“可信、恰當(dāng)、無條件”，后文以“Ifyoutellmemyhairlooksgood,Iwilldismissitandsuspectyourmotives,becauseIhavelittlehair.Moregenerally,peoplewithlowself-esteemdon’tusuallyreceivecomplimentswell.(如果你夸我發(fā)型好看，我會(huì)拒絕接受并懷疑你的動(dòng)機(jī)，因?yàn)槲翌^發(fā)稀疏。)”用“頭發(fā)贊美”的反例說明贊美需符合對(duì)方自我認(rèn)知?？仗帒?yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)自我形象匹配的重要性。D項(xiàng)“好的贊美必須符合接收者的自我形象”是后文例證的理論前提，故選D?！?0題詳析】前文“Evenifacomplimentagreeswithone’sself-image,scholarsconcluded,itmustmeetthreecriteriatobeacceptedbyitsobject.

(即使贊美符合自我認(rèn)知，學(xué)者們總結(jié)它仍需滿足三個(gè)條件才能被接受。)”指出贊美需滿足三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，后文“Itmustbesincere.Anditmustoccurintheappropriatecontext.(它必須真誠(chéng)，且發(fā)生在合適的語境中。)”補(bǔ)充“必須真誠(chéng)”和“情境恰當(dāng)”。空處需填入第三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。C項(xiàng)“贊美需來自可信之人”與后文并列構(gòu)成三個(gè)條件（可信來源、真誠(chéng)、恰當(dāng)情境），故選C。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WebeganthebustripswhenIwasaroundsevenyearsold.Backthen,welivedatourgrandparents’houseinOceanside,California.Financeswere___21___sincemyfatherhadretiredfromtheAirForceandhadyettofindsteadyemployment.Inaddition,wewerestrugglingtofinda(n)___22___placetocallourown.Isupposeitwouldhavebeeneasyto___23___tofrustration.Butmymomhadotherideas,usingthesituationtogivemybrotherJessandme___24___memoriesthatwouldaffectourperspectiveforever.Thepublictransportationsystemnearourgrandparents’housewasremarkably___25___.Foraverylowfee,itwaspossibletopurchaseaticketthatallowedriderstohopaboardallthebusestheywantedthroughoutanentireday.Mymom___26___thissystemwell,andshewould___27___ustoawidevarietyofdestinations.Amongourmost___28___pointsofinterestwasthemallinCarlsbad.Wewouldwindow-shopatthemallandinthesurroundingneighborhood,enjoyingthe___29___anddoingsomepeople-watchingtoo.Onother___30___,wewouldtakethebusallthewaytoStrandBeach,wherewecollectedshellsfor___31___.Everytripwetookwasagrandexpedition.Iwasgratefultomymomformakingthattoughperiodsomuchfun.Mymomdidmorethan___32___Jessandmefromourtroubles.Sheinstilled(灌輸)inusa(n)___33___forkeepingoureyesopenand___34___aworldthatwasourswithouthavingtoreallypayanything.Andsheshowedusthatregardlessofwherewewere,andwhatwewere___35___,therewassomethingwecouldsmileaboutsomewhere.21.A.sound B.tight C.sufficient D.additional22.A.comfortable B.modern C.affordable D.private23.A.yield B.attend C.react D.contribute24.A.painful B.vague C.associative D.fond25.A.interstate B.stable C.extensive D.exclusive26.A.studied B.advocated C.explored D.managed27.A.challenge B.guide C.dedicate D.show28.A.suitable B.frequented C.peaceful D.remote29.A.luxuries B.privileges C.entertainments D.sights30.A.adventures B.dreams C.achievements D.performances31.A.riches B.souvenirs C.charities D.items32.A.choose B.save C.separate D.distract33.A.enthusiasm B.admiration C.fascination D.creativity34.A.transforming B.conquering C.dominating D.appreciating35.A.talkingabout B.drawingon C.goingthrough D.learningfrom【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.C26.A27.B28.B29.D30.A31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者童年時(shí)期家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，但母親通過利用公交系統(tǒng)帶他們?nèi)ジ鞣N地方游玩，創(chuàng)造了美好的回憶，并培養(yǎng)了他們對(duì)生活的積極態(tài)度?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那時(shí)我父親剛從空軍退役，還沒有找到穩(wěn)定的工作，所以經(jīng)濟(jì)很緊張。A.sound健全的；B.tight緊張的；C.sufficient充足的；D.additional額外的。根據(jù)文中“myfatherhadretiredfromtheAirForceandhadyettofindsteadyemployment”，可知經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況緊張，故選B?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，我們還在努力尋找一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)得起的地方作為自己的家。A.comfortable舒適的；B.modern現(xiàn)代的；C.affordable負(fù)擔(dān)得起的；D.private私人的。根據(jù)前文“Financesweretight”，可知他們經(jīng)濟(jì)緊張，所以需要找經(jīng)濟(jì)上能承受的房子，故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我想，在這種情況下，很容易屈服于沮喪。A.yield屈服；B.attend參加；C.react反應(yīng)；D.contribute貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“Financeswere______sincemyfatherhadretiredfromtheAirForceandhadyettofindsteadyemployment.Inaddition,wewerestrugglingtofinda(n)______placetocallourown.”可知，作者家經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，所以這種情況下很容易屈服于沮喪，故選A?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我的母親有其他想法，她利用這種情況給了我和弟弟Jess一些永久影響我們觀點(diǎn)的美好的記憶。A.painful痛苦的；B.vague模糊的；C.associative聯(lián)想的；D.fond珍愛的，美好的。根據(jù)后文“memoriesthatwouldaffectourperspectiveforever”可知，影響作者和弟弟一生的是美好的回憶，故選D。【25題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們祖父母家附近的公共交通系統(tǒng)非常發(fā)達(dá)。A.interstate州際的；B.stable穩(wěn)定的；C.extensive廣泛的；D.exclusive獨(dú)有的。根據(jù)后文“Foraverylowfee,itwaspossibletopurchaseaticketthatallowedriderstohopaboardallthebusestheywanted”，可知公交系統(tǒng)覆蓋范圍廣，故選C?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我母親很好地研究了這個(gè)系統(tǒng)，她會(huì)帶我們?nèi)ジ鞣N各樣的地方。A.studied研究；B.advocated提倡；C.explored探索；D.managed管理。根據(jù)后文“shewouldguideustoawidevarietyofdestinations”，可知，母親充分研究了公交系統(tǒng)，故選A。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我母親很好地研究了這個(gè)系統(tǒng)，她會(huì)帶我們?nèi)ジ鞣N各樣的地方。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.guide引導(dǎo)，帶領(lǐng)；C.dedicate奉獻(xiàn)；D.show展示。根據(jù)前文“usingthesituationtogivemybrotherJessandmefondmemories”可知，母親帶他們?nèi)ビ瓮?，故選B?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們最常去的地方之一是卡爾斯巴德的購(gòu)物中心。A.suitable合適的；B.frequented常去的；C.peaceful平靜的；D.remote偏遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)后文“Wewouldwindow-shopatthemall”，可知，卡爾斯巴德的購(gòu)物中心是他們常去的地方，故選B。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?cè)谫?gòu)物中心和周邊街區(qū)逛商店，欣賞風(fēng)景，也觀察人群。A.luxuries奢侈品；B.privileges特權(quán)；C.entertainments娛樂；D.sights風(fēng)景。根據(jù)“window-shop”和“people-watching”可知，是看風(fēng)景，故選D?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在其他冒險(xiǎn)中，我們會(huì)坐公交車一直到斯特蘭德海灘，我們?cè)谀抢飺熵悮ぷ鳛榧o(jì)念品。A.adventures冒險(xiǎn)；B.dreams夢(mèng)想；C.achievements成就；D.performances表演。根據(jù)“Everytripwetookwasagrandexpedition”可知，這是冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷，故選A。【31題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在其他冒險(xiǎn)中，我們會(huì)坐公交車一直到斯特蘭德海灘，我們?cè)谀抢飺熵悮ぷ鳛榧o(jì)念品。A.riches財(cái)富；B.souvenirs紀(jì)念品；C.charities慈善；D.items物品。根據(jù)上文“collectedshells”可知，貝殼是紀(jì)念品，故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我母親不僅僅是讓我和Jess從煩惱中分心。A.choose選擇；B.save拯救；C.separate分開；D.distract分散注意力。根據(jù)后文“Jessandmefromourtroubles.”可知，母親讓他們暫時(shí)忘記煩惱，故選D?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她向我們灌輸了保持開放眼界的熱情，并欣賞一個(gè)屬于我們卻無需真正花錢的世界。A.enthusiasm熱情；B.admiration欽佩；C.fascination迷戀；D.creativity創(chuàng)造力。根據(jù)下文“keepingoureyesopen”和上文提到的母親帶著孩子們?nèi)ッ半U(xiǎn)可知，母親這么做是為了向孩子灌輸保持開放眼界的熱情，故選A。【34題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她向我們灌輸了保持開放眼界的熱情，并欣賞一個(gè)屬于我們卻無需真正花錢的世界。A.transforming轉(zhuǎn)變；B.conquering征服；C.dominating支配；D.appreciating欣賞。根據(jù)下文“aworldthatwasourswithouthavingtoreallypayanything”和上文提到的母