【暑假輔導班】新高二英語暑假精品課程（人教版）第18講選擇性必修一Unit5ReadingandThinking【核心知識點講解】1.devotevt.把……獻(給);把……專用于;專心于*Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehasdevotedhislife.事實上,他瘦削但結實的身軀看起來和他為之奉獻了一生的千千萬萬的中國農(nóng)民一樣。*(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Regardlessoftheriskofgettinginfected,UncleLiisresponsibleanddevotedtohisjob.盡管有感染的風險,李叔叔對工作很負責任和投入。*IfeelthatI’vebeengivenasecondlifetodevotetosomethingthatismeaningfulandenormous.我覺得我被賦予了第二次生命,去致力于一些有意義和偉大的事情?！驹~塊記憶】(1)devote...to(doing)sth.把(時間、精力或注意力)投入、用于(做)某事devoteoneselfto 獻身于;致力于;專心于(to是介詞)(2)devoted adj.熱愛的,忠誠的(3)devotion n.獻身,忠誠,熱愛,專心【知識延伸】表達“獻身于……,專心于……”的常用短語還有:giveone’slifeto...commitoneselfto...applyoneselfto...dedicate...to...2.shortagen.不足;缺少;短缺*However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而,他最擔心的是農(nóng)民往往收成不好,有時甚至嚴重缺糧。*(2019·浙江高考)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.在樹木缺水最嚴重的地區(qū),大樹的損失最大?！驹~塊記憶】(1)food/water/housingshortages食物/用水/住房短缺shortageof 缺乏(2)short adj.不足的;缺乏的beshortof 缺乏,不足3.convincevt.使相信;使確信;說服*Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.袁隆平相信在雜交水稻的培育中可以找到答案。*(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.他說,雖然說服人們相信海貍鼠皮毛環(huán)保是不容易的,但是他對此毫不懷疑。*(2020·天津高考)Heconvincedthepolicedepartmenttoallowhimtosetupacoupleof“chatbenches”intwooftheirlocalparks.他說服警察局允許他在當?shù)氐膬蓚€公園里設置幾張“聊天椅”。*You’llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.你要使他們相信你殷切希望得到這份工作。【詞塊記憶】(1)convincesb.ofsth. 使某人相信某事convincesb.+that從句 使某人相信convincesb.todosth. 說服某人做某事(2)convincing adj.令人信服的(3)convinced adj.確信的,堅信的4.assumptionn.假定;設定;(責任的)承擔;(權利的)獲得*Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.當時的普遍假設是這是做不到的。*(2019·江蘇高考)Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.一位深思熟慮的官員把其中的一些副本轉(zhuǎn)交給了公園管理部門,認為他們可能會將其放大以供其中一個游客中心展示。*(2019·江蘇高考)Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.我們非常喜歡我們的高智商,以至于我們認為當涉及腦力時,大腦一定越大越好。*Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.普遍認為,緊張是工作過重所致?！驹~塊記憶】(1)assume v.假定;假設;認為Itisassumedthat... 人們(普遍)認為……(2)withanassumptionof/ontheassumptionthat假設……5.estimatevt.估計;估價;估算n.估計;估算*Itisestimated(that)thehouseisworth3,000,000dollars.據(jù)估計,這座房子值三百萬美元。*Canyouestimatetheworthoftheusedcar?你能估算一下這輛舊汽車值多少錢嗎?*(2020·天津高考)IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn’tknowyourbackground.因為我不知道你的背景而低估了你?！驹~塊記憶】(1)beestimatedtobe/have 估計Itisestimated+that... 據(jù)估計(2)ataroughestimate 粗略估計,粗略說來(3)underestimate v.低估6.realityn.現(xiàn)實;實際情況;事實*Hislatestvisionfor“seawaterrice”hasalsobecomeareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.他關于“海水水稻”的最新設想也成為了現(xiàn)實,并有可能在中國開辟近100萬平方千米的鹽堿地,用于水稻生產(chǎn)。*(2020·江蘇高考)Thespeedof6Gwillexceed125GB/s,allowingforanewgenerationofvirtualreality.6G的速度將會超過每秒125GB,使得新一代的虛擬現(xiàn)實成為可能。*MannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.曼恩認為,Terrafugia比任何人都更接近于使飛車成為現(xiàn)實。【詞塊記憶】(1)inreality 事實上;實際上escapefromreality 逃避現(xiàn)實(2)real adj.真實的really adv.真實地(3)realistic adj.現(xiàn)實的,實際的,現(xiàn)實主義的,逼真的7.expandvt.&vi.擴大,增加vt.擴展,發(fā)展(業(yè)務)*Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.這種雜交使農(nóng)民能夠大幅度增加產(chǎn)量。*(2019·天津高考)Sixyearsafteritslaunch,CuddleBuddiescontinuestoexpand.推出六年之后,CuddleBuddies項目繼續(xù)擴大。*Weneedadditionalsupporttostrengthenandexpandintonewareas.我們需要額外的支持從而加強和擴展到新的領域。*I’mquitesatisfiedwithyourexplanation,sothere’snoneedtoexpandonit.我對你的解釋十分滿意,因此不需要詳細闡述了。*Hehopestheeventwilltakeplaceeveryyearandexpandtoneighboringcountries.他希望每年都可以舉行這種活動,并且擴展到周邊國家。【詞塊記憶】expandinto 擴展到expandon 展開;更充分地闡述;詳談expandto 擴展到8.comprisevt.包括;包含;由……組成*Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains.如今,據(jù)估計,中國約60%的國內(nèi)大米消費是由袁(隆平)的雜交品種生產(chǎn)的作物構成的。*Womencomprise44%ofhospitalmedicalstaff.女性占醫(yī)院醫(yī)護人員的44%。9.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.袁(隆平)的創(chuàng)新不僅幫助了中國,也幫助了許多其他依賴大米的國家,如印度和越南。【句式解構】句中包含notjust...but...(不僅/不但……而且……)結構,相當于notonly...but(also)...(also可省略)。該句型可連接兩個并列的主語、謂語、賓語、表語和狀語,說話的側重點在后一部分。當連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞的形式應根據(jù)“就近原則”,同最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。*(2020·天津高考)Thiseffortisnotjustanattemptatbeingcommunityminded—it’salsoacrime-cuttingmeasure.這項努力不僅僅是一種社區(qū)意識的嘗試,也是一種減少犯罪的措施。*(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarycafebutaveryspecialone.我想要的不只是一個普通的咖啡館,而是一個非常特別的咖啡館。*Ilikenotjustpopmusicbutcountrymusic.我不僅喜歡流行音樂,而且喜歡鄉(xiāng)村音樂?！疽c拾遺】1.considerv.(仔細)考慮,體諒,顧及;認為,覺得*Yet,heconsidershimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworksthelandinhisresearch.然而,他(袁隆平)認為自己是農(nóng)民,因為他在田間耕作,進行科學研究。*(2020·浙江高考)Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.現(xiàn)在他希望其他城市能考慮讓街道變得更智能化,而不僅僅是讓街道變大。*(2019·浙江高考)ThechallengeisallthemoreseriouswhenyouconsiderthedemandingexerciserequiredtobikefromFrancetoPoland.當你考慮到從法國騎自行車到波蘭所需要的更高強度運動時,挑戰(zhàn)就更加嚴峻了*Hewasconsideringwhattodonext.他在考慮下一步怎么辦?！驹~塊記憶】consider...(tobe/as) 認為……是;把……看作considerdoingsth. 考慮做某事consider+how從句/wh-從句 考慮……allthingsconsidered 考慮到所有情況,綜合考慮consideritadj./n.+todo 認為做某事……2.crisisn.(pl.crises)危機,危急關頭*Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.為了應對這一危機,他選擇了研究農(nóng)業(yè),并受教于重慶的西南農(nóng)業(yè)大學。*Oilshortageshavebroughtonanenergycrisis.石油短缺已經(jīng)造成了能源危機。*Thebusinessisstillincrisisbutithassurvivedtheworstoftimes.這家公司仍處于危機之中,但它已經(jīng)挺過了最壞的時期。【詞塊記憶】solveacrisis 化解危機beatacrisispoint 處于危急關頭beincrisis 危機中intimesofcrisis 在危急時刻3.realise/realizevt.實現(xiàn),認識到,意識到*YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.袁隆平意識到更大的種植面積不是解決問題的方法。*Herealizedthatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromtheheat.他意識到這是因為沒有足夠的樹木來保護他們免受高溫的影響。*(2020·天津高考)Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.她意識到自己身材瘦小,長得像個孩子?！驹~塊記憶】realiseone’sdreams/goals/ambitions 實現(xiàn)某人的夢想/目標/抱負realise+that/what從句 意識到【知識延伸】Achieve v.實現(xiàn)realisation/realization n.實現(xiàn)4.characteristicn.特征;特點;品質(zhì)adj.典型的;獨特的*Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.雜交作物的一個特點是通常比常規(guī)作物獲得更高的產(chǎn)量。*(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.她想知道幾個世紀的潛水經(jīng)歷能否導致他們身體特征的進化,從而使得這項工作對他們來說更容易。*(2019·北京高考)Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.氣候變暖會改變海洋的主要特征,并影響浮游植物的生長,因為它們不僅需要陽光和二氧化碳的生長,而且需要營養(yǎng)素。【詞塊記憶】character n.品質(zhì),性格;特點,特性vt.使具有特征It’scharacteristicofsb.that... ……是某人的特點5.conventionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的,習慣的*Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.雜交作物的一個特征是通常比傳統(tǒng)作物獲得更高的產(chǎn)量。*Itissimplerandquickertousethanconventionalmethods.這比傳統(tǒng)的做法更簡單、更快捷。*OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs’death,smart-phonesdefeatedconventionalPCsinsales.僅僅在史蒂夫·喬布斯去世5年后,智能手機的銷售量就打敗了傳統(tǒng)的個人電腦?！驹~塊記憶】convention n.慣例,習俗conventionally adv.傳統(tǒng)地6.overcome(overcame,overcome)vt.克服;解決;戰(zhàn)勝*Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.經(jīng)過不懈的努力,袁隆平克服巨大的技術困難,于1974年研制出第一種可用于農(nóng)業(yè)的雜交水稻。*(2020·天津高考)AsisdescribedinParagraph4,takingasmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTimeallowsthekidtoovercomereadingdifficulties.如第4段所述,帶一個小孩參加半小時的故事時光可以幫助他克服閱讀困難。【詞塊記憶】overcometheenemy 戰(zhàn)勝敵人overcomethedifficulties 克服困難beovercomebycuriosity 受好奇心驅(qū)使7.despiteprep.不管,盡管,任憑*Despitehisadvancedyears,YuanLongpingisstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryoneiswaitingtoseewhathewilldreamupnext.盡管年事已高,但袁隆平內(nèi)心依然年輕,充滿憧憬,大家都在等著看他接下來會夢想什么。*(2019·江蘇高考)Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.盡管他們有許多不同之處,但所有人都有一些明確的特征,比如大的腦袋和用兩條腿直立行走的能力。*(2018·江蘇高考)Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel,themanagerisreluctanttoinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.盡管酒店的服務很差,經(jīng)理還是不愿意投資為他的員工進行足夠的培訓?！净A訓練】Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.IhavefourchildrenandI(continue)learnnewthingsfromthem.2.Theherointhenovelisaselfishbusinessmanwhosewholeeffortandlifearedevotedtoearningmoremoney.3.Weareworkingonthe(assume)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.4.Mikefounda(challenge)jobasacomputerprogrammerinabigcompany.5.Hehasbeenwiththecompanysinceits(create)in1989.6.All(variety)ofgoodsfordailyuseareavailable.7.OnceYuanLongpingenvisionedriceplantstallassorghum.8.Moststudentshavetolookforjobsafteruniversity(graduate).9.Ittakespatience(educate)children.

10.Hewilltryhisbesttohelpthembymeansofhis(convention)medicalknowledge.Ⅱ.選詞填空domesticfarmingcelebrityestimateconvinceshortagesolutiongenerateadvanceleisure1.Joannahasfinallymadeittothefirstrankofafter25yearsasanactress.2.Poorpreparationandofequipmentaccountedfortheirfailureofclimbingtothetopofthemountain.3.Thefirsthybridricewasusedforin1974.4.Itisthatabout1,000peopleattendedthecitymarathon.5.Womenarestillthemainvictimsofviolence.6.Atoaproblemordifficultsituationisawayofdealingwithitsothatthedifficultyisremoved.7.I’mnotgoingtobelieveitmyself,nevermindanyoneelse.8.Thecompany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoaltopower.9.IliketogotothecinemawhenIhavetime.10.Thegentleman,despitehisyears,helpedKathrynbacktoherseat.Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示翻譯句子1.袁隆平,被譽為“雜交水稻之父”,是中國最著名的科學家之一。(knowas)

2.袁隆平的父母希望他從事科學或醫(yī)學事業(yè)。(wantsb.todo)

3.1953年畢業(yè)后,他擔任研究員。(afterdoing)

4.袁隆平的創(chuàng)新不僅幫助養(yǎng)活了中國,還幫助養(yǎng)活了許多其他依賴大米的國家,如印度和越南。(notjust...but)

5.應該有一個你可以向他尋求任何建議的人。(therebe)

IV.閱讀理解ASeawaterricetestyieldholdspromiseforharshlandsByMaoWeihuaandZhengCaixionginUrumuqi|chinadaily.com.cn|Updated:2019-11-1917:01Theseawaterrice,developedbyagriculturalscientistYuanLongpingandhisteam,achievedatheoreticalyieldof546.74kilogramspermu(0.07hectares)inapaddyinYopurgacounty,XinjiangUygurautonomousregion.Thefigurewasannouncedafterastrictandpublicevaluationlastmonthbyaproductiontestingexpertgroup,whichconsistedoffourrenownedriceexperts.YuanLongping’sresearchteam,whichstartedplantingriceinthesaline-alkalifieldin2018,expandedtheirexperimentalricefieldtomorethan20hectaresthisyearinthecounty,locatednearChina’slargestdesert,theTaklimakan.Thericeoutputfromtheexperimentalricefieldindicatedthatthesaline-alkalilandcanbetransformedintogoodricefieldsinthreetofiveyears,saidWangQi,anexpertwithYuanLongping’sresearchteam.Thetrialplottogrowtheseawaterriceisofaheavysaline-alkalinature,withsalinitycomingtomorethan17per1,000partsandthepHvaluereachingover8.0,buttheseawaterricehastheeffectofimprovingthesoilandreducingthesaline-alkalicontent,Wangsaid.1.Whoreportedthenews?A.WangQi.B.YuanLongping.C.YuanLongping’sresearchteam.D.MaoWeihuaandZhengCaixiong.2.What’stheadvantageofseawaterrice?A.Itachievedayieldof546.74kgperhectare.B.Itcanbeplantedinthesaline-alkalifield.C.Itdoesn’tneedsomuchsunlight.D.Itcanbeplantedeverywhere.3.WhendidtheseawaterricebegintobeplantedinXinjiangbyYuanLongpingandhisteam?A.Lastmonth. B.In2018.C.InNovember,2019. D.InOctober.4.Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?A.Aguidebook. B.ATVprogram.C.Awebsite. D.Atextbook.BEverysummer,myfamilyandIvisitourrelativesinIndiaandwheneverwetravel,myparentsalwaysremindmetodrinkonlybottledorboiledwater.OnoneofmytripstoIndia,Isawchildrendrinkingwaterfromtheroadside.Iwastroubledtolearnthatmillionsofpeople,mostofthemchildrenindevelopingcountries,dieeachyearbecauseofwaterrelateddiseases.LivingintheUS,Iamluckytobeabletoturnonthetapandgetpotablewater(飲用水),whileonesixthoftheworld’spopulationlacksaccesstocleanwater.Thisyear,IenteredtheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge.InlateJune,IlearnedthatIwasselectedasoneofthetop10nationalfinalistsofthisfamousmiddleschoolsciencecompetition.Overthesummer,IworkedwithDr.JimJonza,myScientistmentor(導師)from3M,anddevelopedasystemthatusessolarenergytopurifywater.Myinventionisgreenandcost-effective,andIamlookingforwardtoimplementingthisinplacesthatare