必修三Unit2MoralsandVirtuesDiscoveringUsefulStructures動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式todo過(guò)去分詞v-ed動(dòng)名詞v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1234動(dòng)詞的v-ing23復(fù)習(xí)閱讀下列句子,說(shuō)出畫(huà)線部分是做狀語(yǔ)還是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!”herbrothercomplained,thinkingofthehightuitionfees.

2.Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.

3.Attimesshewasevenseen

ridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.

4.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.

5.ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried,shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”,havingdeliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetime.

6.Andevenasshelaydying,herfinalthoughtswereforothers.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語(yǔ))在句中做狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步(可以和相對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化)、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨狀況（可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列句）。動(dòng)詞-ing形式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)1.時(shí)間性：用一般式,還是用完成式,取決于V-ing和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間關(guān)系(1)Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.(2)ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried,shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”,havingdeliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetime.2.語(yǔ)法性：用主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式,取決于V-ing形式和句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語(yǔ)就是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。(1)Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(2)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.3.人稱一致：V-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)。(1)Eatingtoofast,youwilldamageyourstomach.(2)Seeingfromthetop,Ifoundtheriverbeautiful.二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)Walkingcrossingthestreet,shealwaysobservetrafficrules.=When

(shewas)

crossingthestreet,shealwaysobservetrafficrules.牛刀小試，閱讀分析

Whilewaitingforthebus,Imetanoldfriend.=WhileIwaswaitingforthebus,Imetanoldfriend.Whenwalkingalongtheriverbank,heheardsomeonecryingforhelp.=Whenhewaswalkingalongtheriverbank,heheardsomeonecryingforhelp.2.作原因狀語(yǔ)(一般可轉(zhuǎn)換成由as或because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句)Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.=BecauseDrLinthoughtofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,Sheopenedaprivateclinic.牛刀小試，閱讀分析

Respectinghisfather,hedidn’twanttoarguewithhim.=Becauseherespectedhisfather,hedidn’twanttoarguewithhim.Notknowinghisaddress,Ican’tsendthisbooktohim.=BecauseIdidn’tknowhisaddress,Ican’tsendthisbooktohim.3.作條件狀語(yǔ)(一般放在句首,其前可以加if,unless等連詞)Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleaingtothetopofthemountain.=Ifyouturntotheleft,youwillfindthepathleaingtothetopofthemountain.牛刀小試，閱讀分析

Respectinghisfather,hedidn’twanttoarguewithhim.=Becauseherespectedhisfather,hedidn’twanttoarguewithhim.Notknowinghisaddress,Ican’tsendthisbooktohim.=BecauseIdidn’tknowhisaddress,Ican’tsendthisbooktohim.4.作讓步狀語(yǔ)(相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)Workinghard,hewasstillunabletoearnenoughmoneytobuyacar.=Althoughheworkedhard,hewasstillunabletoearnenoughmoneytobuyacar.牛刀小試，閱讀分析

Havinglivedhereforfouryears,Iamnotfamiliarwithmyneighbors.=AlthoughIhavelivedhereforfouryears,Iamnotfamiliarwithmyneighbors.Workingorreading,shealwaysdidherbest.=Whethersheworkedorread,shealwaysdidherbest.5.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在句末,中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),表示一種順其自然、意料之中的結(jié)果。前面有時(shí)候可以加thusHerparentsmovedtoShanghai,leavingthehousetoher.牛刀小試，閱讀分析

ManyhighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitesierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.比較：不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,有時(shí)前面可以加only

I

hurried

to

school,only

to

find

it

was

Sunday.6.作方式和伴隨狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景和情況。做伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí),表示動(dòng)詞-ing形式的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,此時(shí)它可轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.=Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomandwasreadingabook.Theteachersatinthefrontoftheclassroomreadinganewspaper.7.動(dòng)詞-ing形式做評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中沒(méi)有邏輯主語(yǔ),它們往往修飾整個(gè)句子,表明說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。例如:generallyspeaking,judgingby/from...Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouthernmoutainarea.8.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞-ing形式做狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),通常用來(lái)表示伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況,也可以表示時(shí)間、原因或條件。Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutforapicnictomorrow.Thetreesareextremelytall,somemeasuringover90metres.Jackcomingback,theytoldherthegoodnewsimmediately.Therebeingnothingtodo,wehadtoleaveearlier.

二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。常見(jiàn)用法如下:1.表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的感官動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))(常見(jiàn)的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等)+sb+doingsth。Theteachersawthestudentsworkingontheprojectandwasverysatisfied.2.表示指使意義的使役動(dòng)詞(常見(jiàn)的有have,let,keep,get,leave等)+sb/sth+doingsthDon’tkeepthemachinerunningwhenyouareout.3.用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。Withthechildrenplayinginthegarden,shefeltveryrelaxed.即學(xué)即用語(yǔ)法填空(1)Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic

(run)smoothly.

(2)Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpet