WelcomeUnitDiscoveringUsefulStructuresS表示“主語（subject）”V

表示“謂語（predicate）”O(jiān)表示“賓語（object）”IO表示“間接賓語（indirectobject）”DO表示“直接賓語（directobject）”P表示“表語（predicative）”Attr.

表示定語(attributive)A表示

“狀語（adverbial）”C表示“補足語（complement）”常見句子成分Thebasiccomponentsofasentence：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.主語謂語定語賓語同位語狀語主要成分主語和謂語次要成分表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語

不同的詞類在句子中充當不同的成分

一個完整的英語句子，至少由兩部分組成（祈使句除外）——主語和謂語。

除了主語和謂語，句子有時還需要其他的成分，如用在及物動詞后面表示行為對象或結(jié)果的賓語，系動詞之后的表語，修飾或限定名詞或代詞的定語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或全句的狀語，對一個名詞或代詞作進一步解釋的同位語以及補語等。Toseeistobelieve.Whathehassaidistrue.TVnewsoftengivesuslotsofinformation.Cyclingandboatingaremyfavoritefreetimeinterests.主語：句子的主體；謂語陳述、說明的對象，說明動作由“誰”發(fā)出。Itdrivesmemadtoteachher.It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.注意：主語一般位于句首，但若不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、名詞性從句作主語，常用it作形式主語，則把真正的主語放在句后。主語即學即練找出下列句子的主語。Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Runningisgoodforourhealth.

Tostudyhardisyourduty.

Shelikesdancing.

WhatIwantissomeapples.謂語：表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)；是英語句子的靈魂、核心。一般在主語之后。謂語中最重要的是謂語動詞(通常由實義動詞充當)，它有時態(tài)，語態(tài)的變化，并受主語人稱和數(shù)的影響。簡單謂語：由動詞或動詞詞組組成Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Tomlooksforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.復合謂語：由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞組成HecanspeakEnglishwell.Iwillreturnyouthebooktomorrow.謂語實義動詞有實在意義并能獨立作謂語。助動詞本身沒有意義，不單獨作謂語，協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞有一定詞義，不能單獨作謂語，后加動詞原形。系動詞有詞義，但不能獨立做謂語，必須和表語構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。動詞的分類behavedowillcanmustmayneedshallreadeatdrinkamkeepstaysoundbecome即學即練找出下列句子的謂語。Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.Thepoorarelivingintheshelter.Runningisgoodforourhealth.

Hedoesn’tlikefruit.

Atigereatsmeat.WhatIwantissomeapples.注意：復合謂語的劃分要把時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞和否定詞歸入進去。助動詞和情態(tài)動詞須和實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語！賓語：動作的承受者，表示行為或活動的對象、接受者或受影響者。賓語一般位于及物動詞和介詞之后。Thechildrenareflyingkites.Doyoumindpassingmethedictionary？Shedidn'tsayanything.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?賓語SomestudentsfinditdifficulttostudyEnglish.Mostofusthink

it

nousearguingwithher.注意：不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、名詞性從句作賓語，常用it作形式賓語，則把真正的賓語放在句后。在動詞后方所跟的雙賓語中表示物的叫做直接賓語

directobject

（簡稱“直賓”）表示人的叫做間接賓語

indirectobject

（簡稱“間賓”）常見接雙賓語的動詞：teach,buy,bring,take,give,send,sell,show,tell,write,lend,make...雙賓語（IO+DO）Shegavehim

abook.Tompassedher

aruler.Mumboughtme

asweater.Hetaughtus

Chinese.常借助介詞to的常用動詞teach/tellsb.sth=teach/tellsth.tosb.take/bring/givesb.sth=take/bring/givesthtosb.Show/

send/writesb.sth.=show/send/writesth.tosb.

常借助介詞for的常用動詞buysb.sth=buysth.forsb.lendsb.sth.（借）=lendsth.forsb.makesb.sth=makesth.forsb.雙賓語易位VS

表語：描述主語的特征，用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、狀況等，位于系動詞后。Theflowersmells

sweet.Myhobbyis

collectingstamps.Englishis

bothusefulandimportant.Thatis

whyhedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.表語系動詞：起連接主語和表語作用，本身有一定詞義，它和實義動詞一樣有時態(tài)變化，也受主語人稱和數(shù)的影響。即學即練找出下列句子的表語。Theproblemremainstobesettled.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Myfatherisateacher.Theyareatthetheatre.Everythinglooksdifferent.Herjobistrainingthenurses.賓語補足語：用來補充說明賓語的動作或狀態(tài)。Wesawhimplaysoccer.Theymade

hertheir

monitor.Mymotheralwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselflyinginthestreet.常見接賓語補足語的動詞：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.賓語補足語ObjectComplement賓補與雙賓語的區(qū)別是什么呢？Hewasseentogoupstairs.Hecamehomeoutofhumour.Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.Startingasastreetvender,heisnowamanagerofafamouscompany.

主語補足語：對主語進行補充說明。主語補足語SubjectComplement

定語：修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)、特征常位于名詞前、或名詞后。注意：單個詞作定語時常放在被修飾詞之前(前置定語)，而短語或從句作定語時，則放在被修飾詞之后(后置定語)。定語AttributiveTheseareappletress.Ihavenotimetotravelinspring.ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.Themenherearealwaysbusyworkingonthefarm.Iwillbebackinawhile.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.狀語：說明動作何時、何地、如何發(fā)生；說明形容詞或副詞的程度。用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動詞或句子。位置自由自在。類型：表示時間,地點,原因,結(jié)果,目的,方式,伴隨,條件,程度,讓步,頻率等。狀語Adverbial即學即練找出下列句子的狀語。Iwaitedtoseeyou.I'mverypleasedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.You

each

haveachancetogotocollege.We

students

shouldputourheartintothestudy.IamLiHua,

aChinesestudentstudyinginLondon.

ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.

同位語用于主語、賓語等進一步解釋說明。同位語Appositive基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)SV 主語+謂語(不及物動詞)(1)Classbegins.(2)Theplanehaslanded.此類型的句子，謂語動詞能表達完整的意思，這類動詞叫不及物動詞，其后不能直接帶賓語。(1)Thebabyslept

peacefully.(2)Hisfatherhasgone

abroad.(3)Sheswims

likeafish.但有時為了表示發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、地點或時間等，可以有狀語來修飾。SVO 主語+謂語(不及物動詞)+狀語SVP主語+系動詞+表語(1)DavidSmithisastudent.(2)Hebecameascientist.(3)Dinnersmells

good.(4)Thecaketastes

sweet.此類型的句子，謂語動詞不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的表語，才能表達完整的意思。（五感五變?nèi)３?，一是一像永不忘）?）五感：________________________________（2）五變：________________________________（3）三保持：________________________________（4）一是：________________________________（5）一像：_________be:am,is,are,was,were

become,

get,turn,grow,go

look,sound,smell,taste,feelremain,stay,keep

V-linkseemSVO主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語(1)Helovedpoetry.(2)Hespentfourweeksatasummercamp.此句型中謂語是及物動詞，其后必須跟賓語才能使句意表達完整。一些不及物動詞后面加介詞相當于一個及物動詞，之后可加賓語。(1)Youmustlistentome.(2)HearrivedinLondonyesterday.賓語結(jié)構(gòu)例句Katehasapiano.Haveyoutoldthemanythingabouttheaccident?Ifyouadd

5to5,youget10.Wemayfindouttheunknownbycalculation.Idisliketravellingtoworkinaverycrowdedbuseveryday.Herefusedtoattendthemedicalconference.IwonderwhetherIshouldstayornot.Sheknowswhattodonext.名詞代詞數(shù)詞名詞化的形容詞V-ing(短語)不定式(短語)從句特殊疑問詞+不定式SVIODO主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語(1)Ishowedhimmypictures.(2)IboughtJohnabirthdaypresent.(3)Hetoldmehisidea.(4)Shepassedheranewdress.此句型中謂語動詞必須跟兩個賓語才能表達完整意思。兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。動詞與“雙賓語”givesb.sth./givesth.tosb.makesb.sth./makesth.forsb.常見的這類結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：give,send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等常見的這類結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：make(制造),prepare,buy,order,do,fetch,pick,leave,build,post,get,draw,find,reserve,save等SVOC主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語(1)Hefoundthehomeworkeasy.(2)TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.(3)Iwishyoutobehappy.(4)Shewishedherselfhome.在某些及物動詞的后面，需要用一個賓語再加一個賓補才能表達完整的意思。EXAMPLE:We

laughed.SV1.The100-year-oldschoolliesinthecentreofthecity.2.Wemustact.3.Themathshomeworklookseasy.4.Theteacherfoundtheclassroomempty.5.Mymumboughtmeanewdictionary.6.Tomislookingforwardtomeetingthenewexchangestudent.7.ThereisanEnglishCorneratourschool.8.Wehadchemistryinthenewlybuiltlab.Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.1.The100-year-oldschool

lies

inthecentreofthecity.2.We

mustact.3.Themathshomework

lookseasy.4.Theteacher

found

theclassroom

empty.5.Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.6.Tom

islookingforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.7.Thereis

anEnglishCorner

atourschool.8.We

had

chemistry

inthenewlybuiltlab.SVASVSPSVOCSVIODOSVOTherebe...SVOAHowwouldyouliketogotoschoolandtraveltheworldatthesametime?ForTim,thatdream

hascometrue!Thisterm,Timandhisclassmates

areliving

onaship!Theytakethesamesubjectsasyoudo,likemathsandEnglish.They

alsolearnabout

shipsandthesea.

Tim

writes

hisparents

anemaileveryweekandtells

them

whathappenedontheship.Timloveslivingontheship.There’salwayssomethingexcitingtodo.And,afteralongdayofstudy,helikestowatchthesungodownandwaitforthestarstocomeout.Studying

anddoinghomework

seemmuchmorefunwhenyouareatsea!Readthepassageandanalysethestructuresofunderlinedsentences.SVSVASVOSVIODOTherebe...SPVIODO1.Tomislookingforwardtomeetingthenewexchangestudent.

湯姆期待著見到新來的交換生。forward

adv.(alsoforwards)

向前；前進

adj.

向前的；前進的lookforwardto

盼望；期待（*to為介詞，故其后可接名詞、代詞或v-ing作賓語，不接動詞不定式）Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunitytoexploresocietyforreal-lifeexperience.

Ihopeyoucanacceptourinvitation.AndI’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Theemailshehadlookedforwardtoarrivedyesterdayatlastandshewasveryhappy.Languagepoints2.And,afteralongdayofstudy,helikestowatchthesungodownandwaitforthestarstocomeout.

一整天的學習之后，他喜歡看著太陽落山，等待星星出來。godown

(1)（日、月）落到地平線下，落下；（船等）下沉，沉沒Ilikewatchingthesungodownove