哈一中2020—2021學(xué)年度上學(xué)期12月月考

高三英語(yǔ)試題

第I卷

L答第I卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。

2.選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上所對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)框涂黑，如

需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)框。不能答在本試卷上，否則

無(wú)效。

第一部分：聽(tīng)力

第一節(jié)

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘時(shí)間

來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatdoesthewomanorder?

A.Fish.B.Beef.C.Chicken.

2.Whatdocsthemanwanttodo?

A.Seeafilm.B.Enjoyaplay.C.Readanovel.

3.Whereisthewomangoingnext?

A.Tomuseum.B.Toaresiauranl.C.Toherhouse.

4.Whenshouldthemananiveatuniversity?

A.By9:30.B.By8:50.C.By8:40.

5.Whatdoesthewomanimply?

A.Themanisn'ttellingthetruth.

B.Themanhadnoreasontohesick.

C.Themandidn'tneedtoattend(hemeeting.

第二節(jié)

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C

三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你

將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答

時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatare(hespeakersgoingtodoonSaturdaytogether?

A.Playfootball.B.Watchagame.C.Attendaparty.

7.HowwillthemangoonSaturday?

A.Hewillwalk.B.Hewillgetaride.C.Hewilldriveacar.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答8、9題。

8.Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutherjob?

A.Theboss.B.Theworkmates.C.Theworkingfield.

9.Accordingtothewoman,whywasshehired?

AShehadalotofexperience.

B.Thejobinterviewerlikedher.

C.Manyemployeesquiteveryyear.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WheredidMrsKingoriginallyplantogo?

A.ToMiami.B.ToChicago.C.ToLosAngeles.

11.WhywillMrsKinggotoLosAngeles?

A.lbdoaninterview.

B.Ibhaveasalesmeeting.

C.Toattendtheopeningofanoffice.

12.Whatcouldthewomanmostprobablybe?

A.Anairlineclerk.B.Atravelagent.C.Asecretary.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Whendoes(heconversationtakeplace?

A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.In(heevening.

14.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?

A.Hewillgotoschooltoday.

B.Hecan'tfinishhishomeworktoday.

C.Hecan'thandinhisprojecttoday.

15.WhatrelationisMrBelltotheman?

A.Hisneighbour.B.HisteacherC.Hisclassmale.

16.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?

A.Helphimhandinhisproject.

B.Callhisteachertoaskforleave.

C.Drivehimtothehospitalrightnow.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatisthetalkabout?

A.Adviceon(hechoiceamongcourses.

B.Differencesbetweenthecourses.

C.Requiredandelectivecourses.

18.Whydoeshistoryopenatalllevels?

A.Studentshavedifferentlevelsofhistoi-yknowledge.

B.Differentcoursesareusuallytaughtbydifferentteachers.

C.Therearemanyculturesandtimeperiodsinhistory.

19.Whatisincludedin(heelectivecourses?

A.History.B.Science.C.English.

20.Whatwillthespeakerdoforthestudents?

A.Givethemadviceoncourseschedule.

B.Helpthemsignupforacourse.

C.Findthemroominacourse

第二部分：閱讀理解

第一節(jié)：

A

Intoday*sglobalworld,moreandmorepeopletraveltoforeigncountries.Crosscultural

awarenessandanundcrslaiidiiigofforeigncliqucllcisimpoilaiilifyouwaultosucceedasan

internationalbusinessperson.Behaviourthatispoliteathomemaybeconsideredrudeinanother

country.Inparticular,bylearningaboutdiningetiquetteandtablemanners,youcanavoidoffending

peopleandthiscandirectlyiniluenceyourbusinesssuccess.

JohnSmith'sbookThePerfectGuestisagoldmineofinformationfor(heglobe-trotting

businessperson.Therearechaptersdedicatedtoallthemainproblemareasofdiningetiquetteand

entertainingindifferentcountriesandtipsonhowtocopewithembarrassingsituations.

Thesearesomeoftheareaswhicharecoveredinthebook.

Seatingarrangements

Whetheryouareeatingatarestaurantoratsomeone'shome,theremaybeafixedprotocolof

whositswhere.Domenandwomensittogether?Isthereahierarchyaccordingtoageorstatus?

Rulesvarygreatly.Forexample,inKorea,itiscustomarytoofferthebestseattothemostsenior

person;intheUS,(herearenospecificseatingrules.Ifyoudon'tknowwherelosit,waituntilyour

hostshowsyou.

Conversation

Isthediningtabletherightplacetohaveaconversationoristhemealtakeninsilence?In

France,forinstance,themealisasocialaffairwithloudanimatedconversationsandmosttopicsarc

acceptable,includingbusiness.InJapanorVietnam,ontheotherhand,onlyquietconversationis

acceptableandbusinessisneverconductedatthedinnertable.

Food

Whattypeoffoodispopular?Isitpolitetoremarkonthefood?Shouldyoueateverythingor

leavesomefoodonyourplate?Isilpolitetoaskforthesaltandpepperifitisn'tonthetable?And

howcanyoudealwithafooddelicacythatyoufinddisgusting?InEurope,itispolitetoeat

everythingonyourplatewhereasthiswouldbeconsideredrudeinEgypt.Ifyoucleanyourplate,it

willhefilledupagainimmediately.

1.Whoismostlikelytofind(heinformationuseful?

A.Abusinessperson.

B.Ascientist.

C.Astudent.

D.Asoldier.

2.WlicnyouarcaguestinihcUS,wheresliuuldyousit?

A.Inthebestscat.

B.Whereyourhostshowsyoutosit.

C.Whereveryoulike.

D.Nextto(hesenior.

3.YouleavefoodonyourplateinEgypt.

A.toshowthatyouhaveeatenenough

B.sothatthereareleftoversforthecat

C.toshowthatyoudon'tlikethefood

D.butitisconsideredrude.

4.Thepassagemainlytellsus.

A.crossculturaldiningetiquette

B.culturaldifferencesaroundtheworld

C.howtoimproveculturalawareness

D.whythebookisworthbuying

【答案】LA2.B3.A4.A

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。如果你想成為一名國(guó)際商務(wù)人士，跨文化意識(shí)和對(duì)外國(guó)禮儀的理解很重要，

本文詳細(xì)介紹了跨文化用餐禮儀。

【1題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第一段中的"Crossculturalawarenessandanunderstandingofforeignetiquette

isimportantifyouwanttosucceedasaninternationalbusinessperson.n（如果你想成為一個(gè)成

功的國(guó)際商務(wù)人士，跨文化意識(shí)和對(duì)外國(guó)禮儀的理解是很重要的。）和“Inparticular,by

learningaboutdiningetiquetteandtabicmanners,youcanavoidoffendingpeopleandthiscan

directlyinfluenceyourbusinesssuccess.v（特別是，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)用餐禮儀和餐桌禮儀，你可以

避免冒犯他人，這會(huì)直接影響你的商業(yè)成功）可知，商人最有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)這些信息有用。故選

A項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的"Forexample,inKorea,itiscustomarytoofferthebestseatioihe

mostseniorperson;intheUS,therearenospecificseatingrules.Ifyoudon'tknowwheretosit,wait

untilyuuihostshuwsyou.（例如，在韓國(guó)，通常為最年長(zhǎng)的人提供最好的座位;在美國(guó)，

沒(méi)有具體的座位規(guī)則。如果你不知道坐在哪里，等主人給你展示你的座位），可知在美國(guó)沒(méi)

有具體的座位規(guī)則，你可以坐在主人讓你坐的地方。故選B項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“InEurope,itispolitetocateverythingonyourplatewhereasthis

wouldbeconsideredrudeinEgypt.Ifyoucleanyourplate,itwillbefilledupagainimmediately.M

（在歐洲，吃光盤(pán)于里的東西是禮貌的，而這在埃及被認(rèn)為是粗魯?shù)?。如果你把盤(pán)子吃光了，

它會(huì)馬上再裝滿(mǎn)的），可知在埃及，吃光盤(pán)子里的東西是不禮貌的，如果你的盤(pán)子很干凈，

主人會(huì)以為你沒(méi)吃飽，給你裝滿(mǎn)盤(pán)子，所以可得出你的盤(pán)子里有食物，表示你吃得夠多了，

不需要主人再添食物。故選A項(xiàng)。

【4題詳解】

主旨大意題。第一段講“想成為一個(gè)成功的國(guó)際商務(wù)人士，跨文化意識(shí)和X寸外國(guó)禮儀的理解

很重要，尤其是用餐禮儀和餐桌禮儀”，第二三段講“約翰?史密斯的書(shū)《完美的客人》就

用餐禮儀做出了一些有用說(shuō)明"，第四段講“跨文化下的座位安排”，第五段講“跨文化下

的餐桌對(duì)話”，第六段講“跨文化下的食物”，文章主要介紹了跨文化用餐禮儀。故選A

項(xiàng)。

B

ThethirdweekofSEALtrainingmeansHellWeek.ItisonWednesdayofHellWeekthatyou

paddledowntothemudflats（源灘）andspendthenext15hourstryingtosurvivethefreezing-cold

mud.thehowlingwindandtheincreasingpressurefromtheinstructorstoquit.Asthesunbeganto

setthatWednesdayevening,mytrainingclass,havingbrokentherules,wasorderedintothemud.

Themudconsumedeachmantilltherewasnothingvisiblebutourheads.Theinstructorstolduswe

couldleavethemudifonlyfivemenwouldquit-justfivemenandwecouldgetoutoftheextreme

cold.

Lookingaroundthemudflat,itwasapparentthatsomestudentswereabouttogiveup.Itwas

stillovereighthourstillthesuncameup-cightmorehoursoffreezingcold.Thechatteringteeth

andshiveringmoans（呻吟）ofthetraineesweresoloudthatitwashardtohearanything.Andthen,

onevoicebegantoecho（I可蕩）throughthenight-onevoiceraisedinsong.Thesongwasterribly

outoftune,butsungwithgreatenthusiasm.Onevoicebecametwo,andtwobecamethree,and

beforelongeveryoneintheclasswassinging.Weknewthatifonemancouldriseabovethegreat

sufferingthenolliciscouldaswell.Theinslruulorsihrcalciicduswillimurelimeinthemudifwu

keptupthesinging-butthesingingwenton.Andsomehow,themudseemedalittlewarmer,the

windalittlelessbitterandthedawnnotsofaraway.

IfIhavelearnedanylhinginmytime（ravelingtheworlditisthepowerofhope.Thepov/erof

oneperson.Washington,Lincoln,King.MandelaandevenayounggirlfromPakistan.Malala,can

changetheworldbygivingpeoplehope.

So,ityouwanttochangetheworld,startsingingwhenyou'reuptoyourneckinmud.

5.Fromthepassage,wecanseethatbeingorderedintothemudwas.

A.thelastpartofthetraining

B.themostusefulpartofthe(raining

C.therealtestofthetrainees'intelligence

D.thepunishmentforthetrainingclass

6.Thetrainingclasssingingtogether.

A.inspiredtheinstructors

B.helpedthemtokillthetime

C.keptthemfromfallingintothemud

D.encouragedthem(ofighttheirdifficulty

7.ThewriterdescribedhisSEALtrainingexperiencemainlytotellthereaders.

A.thepowerofalargecrowdofpeopleB.theadvantageofthetraining

C.thewaytobringaboutchangesD.thereasontopromotesinging

8.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase"uptoyourneckinmud"mostprobablymeans.

A.inanextremelydifficultsituationB.inahardtrainingclass

C.interriblycoldweatherD.inalowersocialposition

【答案】5.D6.D7.C8.A

【解析】

本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在進(jìn)行封閉訓(xùn)練時(shí)經(jīng)歷的“地獄周”，因?yàn)榻邮軕土P需

要在泥灘中生存十五個(gè)小時(shí)。在經(jīng)歷了各種的困難和壓力后卻沒(méi)有人放棄，最終大家一起迎

來(lái)了黎明，作者也因此從中獲得了一些人生感悟。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的As(hesunbeganiose：thatWednesdayevening,mytraining

class,havingbiokeutherules,wasoideredintothemud.可知,這是在訓(xùn)練時(shí)?由T破壞了規(guī)矩

而接受的懲罰。故D選項(xiàng)正確。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第二段后面的themudseemedalittlewarmer,thewindalittlelessbitter

andthedawnnotsofaraway.可知，大家一起唱歌讓人覺(jué)得泥灘不再那么難熬了，因此可以推

斷，同學(xué)們一起唱歌是為了鼓勵(lì)自己戰(zhàn)勝困難。故D選項(xiàng)正確。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第三段中的Thepowerofoneperson,Washington,Lincoln,King,

MandelaandevenayounggirlfromPakistan.Malala,canchangetheworldbygivingpeoplehope.

可知，作者認(rèn)為任何一個(gè)人可以通過(guò)給予一個(gè)人希望而改變這個(gè)世界。由此可以推斷出作者

敘述他的封閉訓(xùn)練的經(jīng)歷，主要是想告訴讀者們帶來(lái)改變的方式是什么。故C選項(xiàng)正確。

【8題詳解】

詞義推斷題。通讀全文可以得知，作者是想借自己在泥灘中生存的經(jīng)歷告訴讀者們遇到困難

時(shí)應(yīng)該如何面對(duì)，所以"uptoyourneckinmud”的意思是指在極其困難的壞境中。故A選項(xiàng)

正確。

C

AprimaryschoolinBritainhasputupsignstowarnparents,whoareaddictedtoplayingwith

theirphones,togreettheirchildrenwithasmileratherthanstareattheirscreens.Ithasbecomea

commonsightattheschoolgatestoseechildrenrunningtotheirparents,onlytofindthemabsorbed

inreadingnewsande-booksonline,orwatching(heirfavori:evideos.

NowiheheadmasterataprimaryschoolinMiddlesbroughhaspulupsignsatthreeentrances

totheschool.Thesignssay"Greetyourchildrenwithasmile,notamobile."andawomanholding

aphonetohereariscrossedoutinaredcircle.Theheadmastersaid,“Wearetryingtodevelop

students'speakingandlisteningskillsandwethinkitisasimplewaytogetthemessageacross.It

isn'tonlyanissueamongpatents,butalsoemphasizesthatspeakingandlisteningcanhelpstudents

tohavediscussions."

Themovehaddifferentresponses.DanielleParker,aparent,said,"Ithinkthesignsare

unacceptablebecausemostparentspicktheirchildrenupwithphones."Anotherparentsaid,'Il'sa

goodthing.Greetingchildrenwithsmilescanalsodeveloptherelationshipbetweenparentsand

children."Someparentswhenquestionedwerehesitantaboutthesigns.LandonBradley,apupil,

saidheagreedwithihcsigns,saying,“Whyshouldchildrensecparentsplayingtheirmobilephones

allthetime?”

Lastyear,researchwarnedthatparents'obsessionwithcellphoneshadmadesomeneglected

childrenstartprimaryschoolunabletoholdconversations.Almostathirdofchildrenarenotready

fortheclassroomwhenthatstartschool.

9.Whydoestheschoolputupsignsatitsentrances?

A.lbencourageparents(omeetpupilswithsmiles.

B.Todescribeacommonsightofitsschoolgates.

C.Toremindpupilstobecarefulwhilewalking.

D.Tointroducetheprimaryschooltoparents.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?

A.Playingwithphones.

B.Greetingchildren.

C.Puttingupsigns.

D.Smiling.

11.Whatmaybetheeffec:sofparents'obsessionwithphones?

A.Itmayreducespupils'timespentonphones.

B.Itmaydiscouragestudentsfromworkinghard.

C.Ilmaymakestudentsbeaddictedtocomputergames.

D.Itmaycausechildrentolacktheabilitytocommunicate.

12.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothesignsputupbytheschool?

A.Approving.

B.Opposed.

C.Objective.

DIndifferent.

【答案】9.A10.C11.D12.C

【解析】

本文是議論文，英國(guó)一個(gè)學(xué)校在入口處樹(shù)立標(biāo)志牌提醒家長(zhǎng)用微笑迎接孩子而不是只顧看手

機(jī)，呼吁家長(zhǎng)多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間在孩子身上，以此來(lái)提高孩子的交流能力。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"AprimaryschoolinBritainhasputupsignstowarnparents,whoare

addictedtoplayingwiththeirphones,togreettheirchildrenwithasmileratherthanstareattheir

screens."英國(guó)一所小學(xué)貼出了告示牌，提醒那些沉迷于玩手機(jī)的家長(zhǎng)們微笑著迎接孩子，

而不是盯著手機(jī)屏幕?？芍獙W(xué)校在入口設(shè)牌子的目的是提醒家長(zhǎng)用微笑接孩子而不是只顧看

手機(jī)，故選A項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)笫二段“Theheadmastersaid,“Wearetryingtodevelopstudents1speakingand

listeningskillsandwethinkitisasimplewaytogelthemessageacross.校長(zhǎng)說(shuō):"我們正在努

力培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力，我們認(rèn)為這是一種傳達(dá)信息的簡(jiǎn)單方式。此處指校長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為用這些標(biāo)

志牌來(lái)提醒家長(zhǎng)，多和孩子交流提高孩子的聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力，it指豎起的標(biāo)志牌，故選C項(xiàng)。

[11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itisn'tonlyanissueamongpatents,butalsoemphasizesthatspeaking

andlisteningcanhelpstudentstohavediscussions.M這不僅僅是專(zhuān)利的問(wèn)題，更強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)與聽(tīng)可

以幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論。和最后一段“researchwarnedthatparents'obsessionwithcellphoneshad

madesomeneglectedchildrenstartprimaryschoolunabletoholdconversations.M研究警告稱(chēng)，

父母對(duì)手機(jī)的癡迷導(dǎo)致一些被忽視的孩子上小學(xué)時(shí)無(wú)法與人交談。可知由于父母在手機(jī)上花

費(fèi)時(shí)間太多，忽視了和孩子交流，造成孩子上學(xué)后交流能力差。故選D項(xiàng)。

【12撅詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Themovehaddifferentresponses.”此舉引發(fā)了不同的反應(yīng)。作

者對(duì)不同人的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行陳述，最后一段researchwarnccHhat…研究警告說(shuō)，可知作者只是客

觀陳述事實(shí)，并沒(méi)有發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。

D

Ifyou'vespentanyamountoftimeboating,fishing,orbird-watchingatlakesandrivers,you

havemostlikelyseenfishesjumpingoutofthewater.Ihaveseenitmanytimes.Certainly,fishes

willexitwaterindesperateattemptstoescapeenemies.Dolphinstakeadvantageofthebehavior,

formingacircleandcatchingthefrightenedfishesinmidair.Butjustaswemayrunfastfromfunor

fromfear,differentemotionsmightmotivatefishestojump.

Mobularays（蝠鰥）aren'tmotivatedbyfearwhentheythrowtheirimpressivebodies——upto

aseventeen-footwingspan（thedistancefromtheendofonewingtotheendoftheother）andaton

inweight——skywardinleapofuptoleufeel.Theydoilinsuhuulsofhundiuds.Theyusuallyland

ontheirbellies,butsometimestheylandontheirbacks.Sonicscientiststhinkitmightbeawayof

removingparasites（寄生蟲(chóng)）.ButIthinkthattheraysareenjoyingthemselves.

IntheclearwatersofFlorida'sChassahowitzkaNationalWildlifeRefuge,Iwatchedseveral

schoolsoffiftyormoremullets（自日魚(yú)）movinginbeautifulformation.Theirwell-builtbodieswere

mostevidentwhentheyleapedfromthewater.MostofthetimeIsawoneortwoleapsbyafish,but

onemadeaseriesofseven,iheyusuallylandontheirsides.Eachjumpwasaboutafootclearofthe

waterandtwotothreefeetinlength.

Nobodyknowsforsurewhythefishleaps.Oneideais(hattheydoittotakeinoxygen.The

ideaissupportedbythefactthatmulletsleapmorewhenthewaterislowerinoxygen,butis

challengedbythelikelihoodthatjumpingcostsmoreenergythanisgainedbybreathingair.Itis

hardtoimaginetheywillfeelanyfresherwhenbackinwater.

Mightthesefishesalsobeleapingforfun?Thereissomenewevidence.GordonM.Burghardt

recentlypublishedaccountsofadozentypesoffishesleapingrepeatedly,sometimesoverfloating

objects一sticks,plants,sunningturtle—fornoclearreasonotherthanentertainment.

13.Whatcanwesayabout(hedolphinsinParagraph1?

A.Theyhavegreatescapingskills.B.Theyareeasilyfrightened.

C.Theyareveryclever.D.Theylovejumping.

14.Whatdotherayandthemullethaveincommonwhenjumping?

A.Bothdoitingroups.B.Bothlandontheirbellies.

CBothjumpmanyfeetoutofwater.D.Bothmakeleapsoneaftertheother.

15.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheideamentionedinParagraph4?

A.Anxious.B.Indifferent.

C.Approving.1).Questionable.

16.WhydofishesleapaccordingtoGordon?

A.Toremoveparasites.B.Toamusethemselves.

C.Totakeinmoreoxygen.D.Toescapeenemies.

【答案】13.C14.A15.D16.B

【解析】

【分析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了魚(yú)為何要躍出水面，一些人認(rèn)為是因?yàn)榍榫w的激發(fā)和要去除寄

生蟲(chóng)，但也有人認(rèn)為這些魚(yú)躍出水面可能是為了享受快樂(lè)。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Dolphinstakeadvantageofthebehaviorformingacircleandcatching

thefrightenedfishesinmidair.可知海豚利用這種行為，圍成一個(gè)圈，在半空中抓住受驚的魚(yú)。

由此可推知，海豚能夠巧妙地吃掉躍出水面的魚(yú)，說(shuō)明它們很聰明。故選C。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Theydoilinschoolso「hundreds.可知蝠鰥成群跳躍。以及第三段

中Iwatchedseveralschoolsoffiftyormoremulletsmovinginbeautifulformation.Hf知我看到幾

個(gè)由50只或更多的輜魚(yú)組成的魚(yú)群以美麗的隊(duì)形移動(dòng)。由此可知，蝠鯨和輜魚(yú)都是成群地

跳躍。故選A。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Itishardtoimaginetheywil.feelanyfresherwhenbackinwater.

可知很難想象當(dāng)它們回到水里時(shí)會(huì)感覺(jué)更新鮮。由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為第四段提到的猜想是

值得懷疑的。故選D。

【16題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中GordonM.Burghardtrecentlypublishedaccountsofadozentypes

offishesleapingrepeatedly,sometimesoverfloatingobjects-sticks,plants,sunningturtle-forno

clearreasonotherthanentertainment.可知GordonM.Burgliardt戈登?M?伯格哈特最近發(fā)表了一

篇關(guān)于十幾種魚(yú)類(lèi)反復(fù)跳跌的報(bào)道，有時(shí)它們會(huì)越過(guò)漂浮物、樹(shù)枝、植物、曬太陽(yáng)的海龜，

除了娛樂(lè)之外，沒(méi)有其他明確的原因。由此可推知，Gordon認(rèn)為魚(yú)躍出水面可能是為了享

受快樂(lè)。故選B項(xiàng)。

【點(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題不僅要求考生讀懂文章中的每個(gè)句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關(guān)系，

結(jié)合自己的生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再通過(guò)邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章

的深層涵義。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，

在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，即：己知部分一一推論的前提，從中推測(cè)出未知部分一一

推理的結(jié)論,切忌妄加評(píng)論，把自己的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成作者的觀點(diǎn)。如第1小題，根據(jù)第一段Dolphins

takeadvantageofthebehavior,formingacircleandcatchingthefrightenedfishesinmidair.可知海

豚利用這種行為，圍成一個(gè)圈，在半空中抓住受驚的魚(yú)。由此可推知，海豚能夠巧妙地吃掉

躍出水面的魚(yú)，說(shuō)明它們很聰明。故選C。

E

Infairytales,it'susuallytheprincessthatneedsprotecting.AtGoogleinSiliconValley,Lhe

princessistheonedefending(hecastle.ParisaTabrizisa31-year-oldwithperhapsthemostunique

jobtitleinengineering-"GoogleSecurityPrincess”.Herjobistohackintothemostpopularweb

browser（瀏覽器）ontheplanet,tryingtofindweaknessesinthesystembeforethe“blackhats^^do.

TodefeatGoogle'sattackers,labrizmustfirstlythinklikethem.

Tabriz'srolehasevolveddramaticallyintheeightyearssinceshefirststartedworkingat

Google.Backthen,theyounggraduatefromIllinoisUniversitywasoneof50security

engineers-todaytherearcover5（X）.

Cybercrime（網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪）hascomealongwayinthepastdecade-fromtheNigerianPrince

Scamtocreditcardtheft.Tabriz'sbiggestconcernnowisthepeoplewhofindbugsinGoogle's

software,andselltheinformationtogovernmentsorcriminals.Tolightagainstthis,（hecompany

hassetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram,payinganywherefrom$100to$20.000forreported

mistakes.

It'saworldawayfromTabriz'scomputer-freechildhoodhomeinChicago.Thedaughterofan

Iranian-Americandoctorfather,andPolish-Americannursemother,Tabrizhadlittlecontactwith

computersuntilshestartedstudyingengineeringatcollege.Gazeacrossaline-upofGoogle

securitystafftodayandyou'llfindwomenlikeTabrizarefewandfarbetween（稀的）--though

inthelastfewyearsshehashiredmorefemaletechgeniuses.Sheadmitsthere'sanobviousgender

disequilibriuminSiliconValley.

Funnilyenough,duringtrainingsessionsTabrizfirstasksnewcolleaguestohackintoneta

computer,butavendingmachine.Tabriz'sjobisasmuchabouttechnologicalknow-how（專(zhuān)門(mén)知

識(shí)）asunderstandingthepsychologyofattackers.

17.WhatcanwelearnaboutTabrizfromthepassage?

A.ShewasthefirstfemaleengineeratGoogle.

B.Shemustthinkdifferentlysoastodefeattheattackers.

C.Herjobrelatestonotonlytechnologybutalsopsychology.

D.Herfrequentcontactwithcomputersinchildhoodbenefi：sheralot.

18.WhyhasGooglesetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram?

A.TupiolculGouglcagainslcybciciimc.

B.TomonitorthenormaloperationofGoogle.

C.Tohelpthegovernmentlocatethecybcrcriminals.

D.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofpersonalinformationsafety.

19.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“disequilibrium”inParagraph4referto?

A.Imbalance.B.Preference.

C.Diiterence.D.Discrimination.

20.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Whatleadstocybercrime

B.The"SecurityPrincess^^whoguardsGoogle

C.MeasurestakenbyGoogletoprotectitsusers

D.Howtobecomeanexcellentsecurityengineer

【答案】17.C18.A19.A20.B

【解析】

文章介紹“GoogleSecurityPrincess^^ParisaTabriz以及她的工作。

【17題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Tabriz'sjobisasmuchabouttechnologicalknow-how（專(zhuān)門(mén)

知識(shí)）asunderstandingthepsychologyofattackers.（Tabriz的工作對(duì)于技術(shù)的知識(shí)和對(duì)攻擊者

心理的理解一樣重要）可知,Tabriz的工作與技術(shù)以及心理學(xué)都有關(guān)系。故選C。

【18題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的句子Tofightagainstthis,thecompanyhassetupaVulnerability

RewardsProgram聯(lián)系上文，理解句子中ihis指代的就是上文說(shuō)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，可知Google建

立VulnerabilityRewardsProgram的目的就是保護(hù)Google免受網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的影響。故選A。

【19題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。聯(lián)系上文you'llfindwomenlikeTabrizarefewandfarbetween（稀少的）---though

inthelastfewyearsshehashiredmorefemaletechgeniuses.（你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)像Tabriz這樣的女性非常

少，盡管在過(guò)去幾年她雇傭了更多的女性技術(shù)骨干。）可知，這里Tabriz說(shuō)的是在硅谷有明

顯的性別不平衡。可判斷“disequilibrium”的詞義是“不平衡”。故選A。

【20題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文知，文章向我們介紹了保護(hù)Google安全的“GoogleSecurityPrincess”

PaiisaTabi\L以及她的工作。故所以標(biāo)題用The"SccurilyPiiusss“whuguardsGoogle“保護(hù)

Google的安全公主”合適，故選B。

【名師點(diǎn)睛】

文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解可以細(xì)化為：（1）一一對(duì)應(yīng)型。答案與題目在表達(dá)形式和意義上直接吻合，

一一對(duì)應(yīng)，一目了然。屬于淺層次的閱讀試題，分?jǐn)?shù)比例較少。（2）語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)述型。這是一類(lèi)

間接事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，答案與題目在意義上充分運(yùn)用了詞義之間的轉(zhuǎn)述關(guān)系，即正確選項(xiàng)是原文

有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)和句子的另類(lèi)表達(dá)。屬于中檔難度題，分?jǐn)?shù)比例較大。（3）語(yǔ)意理解型。這是一類(lèi)

深層事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，答案與題目之間存在著一定的邏輯聯(lián)系，這種聯(lián)系需要建立在事實(shí)的

基礎(chǔ)上通過(guò)上、下文來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷、分析?、歸納和整合，才能得出正確答案。屬于較高難度的

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。（4）是非辨別型。這是一類(lèi)綜合事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，出題形式常常是“三正一誤”（三

項(xiàng)正確，只有一項(xiàng)不符合原文內(nèi)容）或“三誤一正”（三項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，只有一項(xiàng)符合原文內(nèi)容）。

（5）事實(shí)排序型。這是一類(lèi)運(yùn)用多項(xiàng)事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，要求根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先

后順序、時(shí)間順序或者句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出時(shí)間發(fā)生，發(fā)展的正確順序。例如：本文

的第2小題：

2.【解題剖析】此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解中的（2）一—語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)述型。正確選項(xiàng)是原文有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)和

句子的另類(lèi)表達(dá)。

［推理關(guān)系］根據(jù)題干WhyhasGooglesetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram?找到文章中關(guān)

于setupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram的內(nèi)容，把答案定位在第三段。

【答案定位】根據(jù)第三段1句子Tofightagainstthis,thecompanyhassetupaVulnerability

RewardsProgram理解this的含義，聯(lián)系上文，可知it指代的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，可知Google建

立VulnerabilityRewardsProgram的目的就是保護(hù)Google免受網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的影響。

【答案】根據(jù)分析?，可知答案為A。

第二節(jié)：

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中兩項(xiàng)

為多余選項(xiàng)。

Foryears,pediatricianshaverecommendedthatyoungchildrenwatchnoTV,oraslittleas

possible,becauseitcanleadtoproblemsinschoolandbehaviorissues.21However,

controllingwhattheywatchcanimprovehowtheybehave.

WhenpreschoolerswatcheducationalprogramsinsteadofviolentTVshows,theytendtobe

morecompassionateandlessaggressive,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalPediatrics.

Thestudy

22Parentsinthefirstgroupwereencouragedtoexchangeviolentshowswith

educationalandpro-socialonesthatstressedcompassionandcooperation.

FamiliesweregivenmonthlyTVguideslistingeducationalprogrammingforiheirarea:shows

suchasMDoratheExplorer1,"SuperWHY","SesameStreet"and"IfsaBigBigWorld”,

23Thetimethechildrenspentonwatchingviolentprogrammingreducedfromahalf-houra

dayto23minutes.24Familiesinthesecondgroupdidnotchangetheirviewinghabits.

“ThisisthefirststudytotrytochangetheviewinghabitsofpreschoolkidsJsaysDr.Vic

Strasburger,spokespersonfortheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics."That'soneofthesignificances

ofthisstudy."

Theresults

Afterayear,researchersfoundthatchildrenwatchinglessviolentandmorechild-appropriate

showsscoredbetteronteststhatmeasuredcooperation,awillingnesstoshareor

compromise.25

A.TVbringsmorebenefitstochildrennowadays.

B.ParentswerealsoencouragedtowatchTVwiththeirkids.

C.About600familieswereemployedandassignedtooneoftwogroups.

D.MoreandmorefamiliesrealizelettingchildrenlesswatchTVisquitegood.

E.Parentsthenincreasededucationalviewingfromabout3（）to43minutesaday.

F.Nowanewstudyadmits（hatchildrenaresittinginfrontoftheTValotlonger.

GTheyalsohadfewerincidentsofaggressivebehaviorsuchasyellingandh