第一部分教材知識(shí)講練必修第一冊(cè)UNIT5

LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLD續(xù)寫(xiě)語(yǔ)料積累背誦·句之美1.(心理描寫(xiě))Duringtherace,mylungswereonfire,andlegsfeltlikestone.2.(行為描寫(xiě))Uponseeingme,thecatjumpedoffthewindow,runningtowardsmeinaflash.3.(景物描寫(xiě))(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.續(xù)寫(xiě)語(yǔ)料積累欣賞·語(yǔ)之秀Tremblingandsobbing,hecollapsedontheground,feelingaloneandbetrayed.Hehadnochoicebuttocryallthewaybackhome.Seeinghismother,hecouldn'tconcealhissorrow,pouringtheincidentouttoher,whowouldalwaysbethereforhimwheneverhefeltdown.語(yǔ)基自主檢測(cè)·目標(biāo)確立核心單詞1.________vt.&vi.雕刻2.__________n.尊重；關(guān)注

vt.把……視為；看待3.____________n.&vi.斗爭(zhēng)；奮斗；搏斗4.______vt.懇求；祈求；哀求5.__________n.因素；要素6.__________n.符號(hào)；象征7.__________n.公共事務(wù)；事件；關(guān)系8.____________n.文字；符號(hào)；角色；品質(zhì)；特點(diǎn)9.__________n.體系；制度；系統(tǒng)carveregardstrugglebegfactor

symbolaffaircharactersystem語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwith__________(symbol).2.Londonisfullofhomelesspeople,oldandyoung,__________(beg)inthestreets.3.She'dliketohavethepieceofwood__________(carve)intotheshapeofaflower.4.Ingeneral,green________________(regard)asasymboloflifewhileredstandsforjoyandvictory.symbolsbeggingcarvedisregarded語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)5.Dina,________________________(struggle)formonthstohuntforajob,finallytookapositionatarealestateagency.6.Tayloradequatelyconveysthe________________(character)emotionthroughanunusualbutperfectcomparison.havingstruggledcharacter's派生單詞1.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的

n.主修課程；主修學(xué)生

vi.主修；專門研究→____________n.大多數(shù)；大部分2.relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述→__________adj.有關(guān)系的；有關(guān)聯(lián)的→____________n.關(guān)系3.varyvi.變化；不同；有差異→__________adj.多種(類型)的；各種各樣的；不同的→__________n.(植物、語(yǔ)言等的)變體；異體；多樣化majorityrelatedrelationvariousvariety派生單詞4.globen.地球；地球儀→__________adj.全球的；全世界的→____________adv.全球地；全面地5.equaln.同等的人；相等物

adj.相同的；同樣的→__________adv.平等地→____________n.平等6.describevt.描述→________________n.描寫(xiě)；形容；描述7.specificadj.特定的；明確的；具體的→__________________adv.特意地；專門地；明確地；具體地globalgloballyequallyequalitydescriptionspecifically語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.TheMineralProductsAssociationconsistsofthevast____________ofsmallandmediumenterprisesthroughouttheUKandnine_______globalcompanies.(major)2.Morefacts____________________tothetwomurdercasesareneededbeforewefigureoutwhetherthey__________toeachother.It'shardtosaythatthecasesbearno____________tolocalgangs.(relate)3.Inthesupermarketthereare__________goodswhoseprices________fromcentstodollars,andthe__________attractsmanycustomers.(vary)majoritymajorrelating/relatedrelaterelationvariousvaryvariety語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)4.Bothlocallyand____________,thecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoffeeplantationscouldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology,whichwouldfurtheraccelerate__________warming.(globe)5.Allmenareborn________,soeveryonehopestobetreated_________because____________isconsideredtobeabasichumanright.(equal)6.He____________therobberyindetailtothepolicemanandhis________________wasofgreatvalue—thepolicecaughttherobberinashorttime.(describe)globallyglobalequalequallyequalitydescribeddescription高頻短語(yǔ)1.____________指的是；描述；提到；查閱2.__________________浮沉；興衰；榮辱3.__________________________追溯到4.__________________觀點(diǎn)；看法5.____________與……相關(guān)；涉及；理解；了解6.________________________在……方面有困難refertoupsanddownsdateback(to...)pointofviewrelatetohavetroublewith語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(選用左欄短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanall____________.2.Theneedletreatment,which__________________ancienttimesinChina,isgraduallyacceptedbymanyforeigners.3.Wewillcertainlyexperiencesome__________________alongtheroadtoeconomicrecovery.4.Shespokeforanhourinthelecturehall,withouteven______________hernotes.5.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Froma21st-century_______________,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.relatetodatesbacktoupsanddownsreferringtopointofview原句結(jié)構(gòu)辨識(shí)寫(xiě)作佳句背誦1.“of＋抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于形容詞ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.一個(gè)人如果不努力，終將難以取得任何重要成就。Nobodycan_______________________________________unlessheworksveryhard.(續(xù)寫(xiě)之主題升華)achieveanythingofrealsignificance原句結(jié)構(gòu)辨識(shí)寫(xiě)作佳句背誦2.themore...,themore...Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.的確，隨著年華漸老，我越來(lái)越感覺(jué)時(shí)間好像長(zhǎng)了翅膀。It'strue,____________________,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.(續(xù)寫(xiě)之情感描寫(xiě))theolderIget考點(diǎn)歸納探究·精準(zhǔn)講練1.refervi.提到；參考；查閱

vt.查詢；叫……求助于寫(xiě)出句中referto的漢語(yǔ)意思：①Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated.__________②WhatIlaughinglyrefertoasmygardenisacornerlotbyourpostage-stampsizehouse.__________③Idon'tthinkitmakesanysensetorefertotherisingunemploymentinyouryesterday'sspeech.____________指的是稱之為提及；談到郎平，以前被稱為“鐵榔頭”，帶領(lǐng)中國(guó)隊(duì)在2016年里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)上取得勝利，還奪得兩屆世界杯冠軍。LangPing,______________________________the“IronHammer”，ledChinatovictoryatthe2016RioOlympics,andalsoclaimedtwoWorldCups.formerlyreferredtoas

referto指的是；描述；提到；查閱

referto...as...把……稱作……

refer...to...把……提交給……

in/withreferenceto關(guān)于

refertohisnotesnowandthen不時(shí)地查閱筆記

promisenottorefertothematteragain答應(yīng)不再提及此事

referyourcomplainttothemarketmanagementdepartment將投訴提交給市場(chǎng)管理部2.basevt.以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以……為基礎(chǔ)

n.底部；根據(jù)①Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepictures________(base)onasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth.②Onthe________(base)ofyourperformance,Ifirmlybelieveyouaretherightpersonforthisjob.③__________(base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreasoniswhatIthinkaleadermustavoid.basedbasisBasing(普通表達(dá))Themoviewasbasedonareal-lifeincidentanditturnedouttobeasuccess.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Themovie,_________________________areal-lifeincident,turnedouttobeasuccess.(whichwas)basedon

base...on/upon...把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)之上

bebasedon/upon...以……為基礎(chǔ)；依據(jù)……

onthebasisof根據(jù)；在……的基礎(chǔ)上

onadaily/weeklybasis每天/每周

basehisconclusionontheevidence依據(jù)證據(jù)得出他的結(jié)論

bebasedonherpersonalexperiences根據(jù)她的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷

onapermanent/consistentbasis永久地/持續(xù)地3.appreciatevt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì)

vi.增值①Iwouldreallyappreciate____ifyoucouldgivemeanopportunitytoshowmytalent.②Weappreciate_________________(participate)inthisactivity,whichismeanttohelpbuildupourbodies.③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyou________(appreciate)thedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosewhodidthework.itparticipatingappreciate如蒙早日回復(fù)，將不勝感激。①Yourearliestreply_______________________________.②________________ifyoucouldreplyatyourearliestconvenience.willbehighlyappreciatedI'dappreciateit

appreciatesth欣賞/重視/感謝/領(lǐng)會(huì)某事/某物

appreciate(one's)doingsth感激(某人)做某事

appreciatethat...理解/意識(shí)到……

Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……，我將不勝感激。

appreciateyourtimelyhelp感謝你的及時(shí)幫助

appreciatethevalueoflearningEnglish理解學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重要性

beinnomoodtoappreciatetheview沒(méi)有興致去欣賞美景4.equal[課本義]n.同等的人；相等物

adj.相同的；同樣的

[增補(bǔ)義]adj.勝任的

vt.等于；抵得上①Theword“metre”isaunitformeasuringlength，which__________

(equal)39.37inches.②Idon'tthinkheshouldbepromotedtothispostbeforeheprovesequal____thesechallenges.③AttheOlympics,hewonthemen's110mhurdlesfinalin12.91seconds,____________(equal)theworldrecordset.equalstoequaling①(普通表達(dá))I'mconvincedthatIamfitforthejobasavolunteerfortheChinesepaintingexhibition.②(高級(jí)表達(dá))I'mconvincedthatI_______________________________thejobasavolunteerfortheChinesepaintingexhibition.amequalto/amqualifiedfor

beequalto...與……相等；與……相媲美；勝任/能應(yīng)對(duì)……

beequalin...在……方面相等/平等

equalsb/sth(in...)(在……方面)比得上……；與……匹敵

havenoequal無(wú)人能及；出類拔萃

treatotherpeopleasherequals以平等的身份對(duì)待他人

havenoequalinmusicaltalent音樂(lè)天賦無(wú)與倫比

buildanequalsocietyfreefrompovertyandviolence建設(shè)一個(gè)沒(méi)有貧窮和暴力的平等社會(huì)5.demandn.要求；需求

vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要

vi.查問(wèn)①M(fèi)orewindpowerstationswillspringuptomeetthedemand______cleanenergy.②Theworkershavedemanded__________(give)apayrise,threateningtogoonstrikeifthere'snoresponse.③Thebossdemandedthateveryone____________________(attend)theceremonytobeheldtomorrow.fortobegiven(should)attend(普通表達(dá))HisnovelsaregreatlyneededafterhewontheNobelPrizeforliterature.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Hisnovels__________________________afterhewontheNobelPrizeforliterature.areingreatdemand

a/thedemandforsth對(duì)某物的需求

bein(great)demand(迫切)需求

demandtodosth要求做某事

demandthat...(should)dosth要求……做某事

demandingadj.要求高的；苛求的

meet/satisfythedemandfortalents滿足對(duì)人才的需求

demandanapologyinpublic要求公開(kāi)道歉

aphysicallydemandingjob對(duì)體力要求極高的工作6.dateback(to...)追溯到①Thisisanoldbuilding__________(date)backtothe16thcentury.②Everyyear,agoodmanytouristsareattractedtovisittheoldtowerwhich________(date)fromtheeleventhcentury.這片丘陵地區(qū)生長(zhǎng)著一些世界上最古老的松樹(shù)，有些可以追溯到一萬(wàn)年前。Thehillyregionishometosomeoftheworld'soldestpinetrees,_________________________________________.datingdatessomedatingbacktotenthousandyearsago

datefrom追溯到……

outofdate過(guò)時(shí)的；陳舊的

uptodate最近的；新式的；現(xiàn)代的

todate迄今為止；到目前為止

alawdatingfromthe17thcentury自17世紀(jì)起沿用至今的一條法律

themostaccuratedescriptiontodate迄今為止最準(zhǔn)確的描述7.[教材原句]Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今天，無(wú)論住在哪里，也無(wú)論說(shuō)什么方言，中國(guó)人仍能通過(guò)書(shū)寫(xiě)(文字)進(jìn)行交流。①(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)___________themistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.②__________astonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.③Myparentsmadeitapointfortheirtwokidstospendtimeoutside,nomatter______weatherorseason.WhateverHoweverthe他可愛(ài)的小女兒總是緊緊依偎在他身邊，無(wú)論他走到哪里，她都會(huì)纏繞在他的腿上。Hislovelylittledaughterisalwaysclingingtohim,wrappingherselfaroundhislegs__________________________________________.wherever/nomatterwherehegoesnomatterwhere/when/how/what/which可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以換成wherever/whenever/however/whatever/whichever。但wherever/whenever/however/whatever/whichever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而nomatterwhere/when/how/what/which則不可以。另外，nomatter后面的從句有時(shí)會(huì)省略，出現(xiàn)nomatterthe...形式，whatever也有類似的用法，如whateverthecost“不論付出多少代價(jià)”。Nomatterwherehisbusinesstookhim,healwaysmanagedtobehomefortheSpringFestival.不管生意做到哪里，他總會(huì)設(shè)法回家過(guò)春節(jié)。8.[教材原句]WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.書(shū)面漢語(yǔ)也成為連接中國(guó)現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的重要媒介。①(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Iftheonlyreadingyoueverdoisthenovelormagazine,thespeed____whichyoureadprobablydoesnotmatterverymuch.②AstudyinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegree____whichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.③Insteadofdevotingthemselvestotheirwork,theyfindthemselvesworkingtosupportthelifestyleto_______theyhavesoquicklybecomeaccustomed.attowhich他的女兒梅麗莎覺(jué)得保存他的音樂(lè)非常值得。她年輕時(shí)每晚聽(tīng)著他的音樂(lè)入睡。Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic,____________________________________whenshewasyoung.towhichshefellasleepeachnight“介詞＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，介詞的選用要根據(jù)其與前面作先行詞的名詞的搭配關(guān)系，或與后面定語(yǔ)從句中的作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞的搭配關(guān)系來(lái)確定。Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunityandhardworkareprotected.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不但本身就是好事，還是如個(gè)人自由、機(jī)會(huì)平等和勤奮工作等其他基本的價(jià)值觀得到保護(hù)的手段。多維強(qiáng)基固本·達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1.Ireallyappreciateyour__________(take)timeoffworktoshowmearoundsomanyplaces.2.Mostpeoplechoosefoodonly________(base)ontaste,andthat'sfinebecausefoodismeantforenjoyment.3.Theworsttyphoonthisyeardestroyedmanybuildingsincludinganancientcastle__________(date)backtothe13thcentury.takingbaseddating4.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsides__________(equal)contactandsharewithoneanother.5.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating,____________(demand)jobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.6.ItwasinspiredbytheclassicConfuciusphilosophyofdatong,____________(refer)togreatunityandgrandharmony.equallydemandingreferringⅡ.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1.Creatinganatmosphere____whichemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.2.Everyyear,peopleinAmericauseenergyequal____over30millionbarrelsofoileachday.3.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷改)Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday'stechnologytomakingsurethatrailtracksworldwidearesafefortrains____a24/7basis.4.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatter________youareintheworld.intoonwhereⅢ.熟詞生義(選出黑體詞在句中的漢語(yǔ)意思)1.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.___A.全面的 B.全球的 C.國(guó)外的2.WhenImademymajorlifedecisions,Iwasstillthatlittlegirltearingfull-speedacrossthelawn.___A.主修課程

B.重要的

C.專門研究3.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Butifyouhavetoreadagreatdealforstudy,youwillappreciatethebenefitsofbeingabletoreadmorequickly.___A.欣賞

B.感激

C.理解ABCⅣ.長(zhǎng)難語(yǔ)句(分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)并翻譯成漢語(yǔ))1.We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderateouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.

本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，可簡(jiǎn)化為：We're...awareofthefact...andrealizing...。句中的areincreasinglyawareof與andrealizing是并列______。fact后面是that引導(dǎo)的__________從句；realizing后的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)______從句。[嘗試翻譯]_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________謂語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)我們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到，僅靠工程來(lái)控制地球系統(tǒng)是行不通的，我們還意識(shí)到，要想保持生態(tài)平衡，我們就需要節(jié)制我們的行為。2.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.

本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，可簡(jiǎn)化為：When...,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimateasum...。句中的that引導(dǎo)______從句，從句中的comparedwith...是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。破折號(hào)后是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作underestimate的______狀語(yǔ)。[嘗試翻譯]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________賓語(yǔ)伴隨研究小組更嚴(yán)密地檢查了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，然后他們注意到，與單個(gè)符號(hào)相比，當(dāng)兩個(gè)符號(hào)的數(shù)值相近時(shí)，猴子往往會(huì)低估總和，例如，有時(shí)猴子會(huì)選擇13而不是選8和6的總和。寫(xiě)作提能培優(yōu)·進(jìn)階訓(xùn)練Step1.單句寫(xiě)作(利用本單元知識(shí)補(bǔ)全所給英文句子)①有多種多樣的學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法值得我們參考。There're____________________________oflearningEnglishthatare______________________________.②無(wú)論有多少方法，我認(rèn)為最重要的方法是不斷練習(xí)。___________________________________________________________,themostimportantoneistokeeppracticing.varietiesofmethodsworthyofourreferenceFrommypointofview,nomatterhowmanymethodsareavailable③在公眾面前，絕不要羞于說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，那會(huì)阻礙你練習(xí)口語(yǔ)。_______________________________speakingEnglishinpublic,whichwill_____________________________oralEnglish.④掌握大量的詞匯是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)，盡管會(huì)花費(fèi)你很多的時(shí)間。___________________________________________________________,thoughittakesalotoftime.⑤總而言之，精通英語(yǔ)不可能一蹴而就，堅(jiān)持很重要。Allinall,youcan't____________________________Englishovernight.Persistence_____________________________.BynomeansshouldyoubeshypreventyoufrompracticingHavingalargevocabularyisbasictolearningEnglishwellhaveagoodcommandofisofgreatsignificanceStep2.銜接成文(利用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞語(yǔ)連句成篇)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

There're