Putouttheinitialfireintheproductionunit主講教師：徐興源Lecturer:XuXingyuan石油化工安全技術(shù)Petrochemicalsafetytechnology撲救生產(chǎn)裝置初起火災(zāi)LiaoningPetrochemicalCollege目錄CONTENTS滅火的基本原則一Basicprinciplesoffirefight人身起火的撲救方法二Themethodofextinguishingpersonalfire任務(wù)實(shí)施三Taskimplementation火勢(shì)發(fā)展Firedevelopment發(fā)展階段（蔓延階段）Developmentphase

(Spreadphase)猛烈階段（擴(kuò)大階段）Violentphase

(Expansionphase)熄滅階段Extinguishing

phase初起階段（起火階段）Initialphase

(Firephase)初起階段Initialphase火災(zāi)比較易于撲救和控制Firesareeasiertoputoutandcontrol45%以上的初起火災(zāi)Morethan45%oftheinitialfires初起階段Initialphase燃燒面積小Smallburningarea火勢(shì)弱Thefireisweak火災(zāi)撲救最有利的階段Themostfavorablestageforfirefighting初起階段Initialphase將火災(zāi)控制和消滅在初起階段Firecontrolandextinguishmentintheinitialphase贏得滅火的主動(dòng)權(quán)Wintheinitiativetoextinguishfires顯著減少事故損失Significantreductioninaccidentlosses造成難以收拾的局面Creatingasituationthatisdifficulttomanage就會(huì)被動(dòng)Itwillbepassive1先控制后消滅Controlfirst

theneliminate建筑物一端起火向另一端蔓延時(shí)，應(yīng)從中間控制。Whenafirespreadsfromoneendofthebuildingtotheother,itshouldbecontrolledfromthemiddle.建筑物的中間部位著火時(shí)，應(yīng)在兩側(cè)控制。Whenthereisafireinthemiddlepartofthebuilding,itshouldbecontrolledonbothsides.建筑物著火Thebuildingisonfire1先控制后消滅Controlfirst

theneliminate1應(yīng)從上面控制Shouldbecontrolledfromabove2以上層為主Theupperlayerisdominant3切斷火勢(shì)蔓延方向Cutoffthedirectionoffirespread發(fā)生樓層火災(zāi)時(shí)Intheeventofafloorfire建筑物著火Thebuildingisonfire1先控制后消滅Controlfirst

theneliminate采取冷卻燃燒油罐的保護(hù)措施Takeprotectivemeasurestocoolthecombustiontank降低燃燒強(qiáng)度Reducecombustionintensity保護(hù)油罐壁Protecttankwalls防止油罐破裂擴(kuò)大火勢(shì)Preventtankruptureandexpandthefire油罐起火Theoiltankcaughtfire1先控制后消滅Controlfirst

theneliminate注意冷卻鄰近油罐TakecaretocooltheadjacenttanksPreventfireduetoelevatedtemperatures防止因溫度升高而著火油罐起火Theoiltankcaughtfire1先控制后消滅Controlfirst

theneliminate管道著火Thepipelineisonfire斷絕可燃液體或氣體的來源Cutoffsourcesofflammableliquidsorgases迅速關(guān)閉上游閥門Quicklyclosetheupstreamvalve防止氣體擴(kuò)散Preventsgasdiffusion堵塞漏洞Plugloopholes保護(hù)受火災(zāi)威脅Protect

threatenedbyfire生產(chǎn)裝置Productionequipment設(shè)備Equipment1先控制后消滅Controlfirst

theneliminate易燃易爆部位著火Fireinflammableandexplosiveparts易燃易爆F(xiàn)lammableandexplosive設(shè)法迅速消滅火災(zāi)Trytoquicklyextinguishthefire排除火勢(shì)擴(kuò)大和爆炸的危險(xiǎn)Eliminatetheriskoffireexpansionandexplosion掩護(hù)、疏散有爆炸危險(xiǎn)的物品Coverandevacuateitemsthatareatriskofexplosion不能迅速滅火和疏散的物品Itemsthatcannotbequicklyextinguishedandevacuated采取冷卻措施、防止爆炸Coolingmeasuresaretakentopreventexplosions1先控制后消滅Controlfirst

theneliminate貨物堆垛起火Cargostackingfire堆垛起火Stackingfires控制火勢(shì)向鄰垛蔓延Controlthespreadoffiretoadjacentstacks1先控制后消滅Controlfirst

theneliminate貨物堆垛起火Cargostackingfire貨區(qū)的邊緣堆垛起火Theedgeofthecargoareawasstackedandfired控制火勢(shì)向貨區(qū)內(nèi)部蔓延Controlthespreadoffireintothecargoarea中間堆垛起火Themiddlestackcaughtfire保護(hù)周圍堆垛Protectsurroundingstacks以下風(fēng)方向?yàn)橹鱐hefollowingwinddirectionisdominant2救人重于救災(zāi)

Savingpeopleismoreimportantthandisasterrelief如果有人受到火災(zāi)威脅Ifsomeoneisthreatenedwithfire把被火圍困的人員搶救出來Rescuethepeopletrappedbyfire首要任務(wù)Thefirsttaskofextinguishingfires2救人重于救災(zāi)

Savingpeopleismoreimportantthandisasterrelief人未救出前Beforethepersonisrescued滅火Extinguishfires打開救人通道Opentherescuechannel減弱威脅程度Reducethelevelofthreat更好地救人脫險(xiǎn)Betterrescuepeople為及時(shí)撲滅火災(zāi)創(chuàng)造條件Createconditionsforthetimelyextinguishingoffires3先重點(diǎn)，后一般。

Focusfirst,thengeneral.人和物比，救人是重點(diǎn)。Ratioofpeopleandthings,savinglivesisthepoint.貴重物資和一般物資相比，保護(hù)和搶救貴重物資是重點(diǎn)。Comparisonofvaluablematerialswithgeneralmaterials,theprotectionandrescueofvaluablematerialsisthepriority.火勢(shì)蔓延猛烈的方面和其它方面相比。Theaspectofthefirespreadingviolentlycomparedtootheraspects.有爆炸、毒害、倒塌危險(xiǎn)的方面和沒有這些危險(xiǎn)的方面相比。Thosethatareatriskofexplosion,poissoning,collapsearecomparedwiththosethatarenot.控制火勢(shì)猛烈的方面是重點(diǎn)Controllingtheviolentsideofthefireisapriority處置有這些危險(xiǎn)的方面是重點(diǎn)Dealingwiththoseareasofriskisapriority3先重點(diǎn)，后一般。

Focusfirst,thengeneral.火場(chǎng)的下風(fēng)方向與上風(fēng)、側(cè)風(fēng)方向相比，下風(fēng)向是重點(diǎn)。Thedownwinddirectionofthefiresiteiscomparedwiththeupwindandcrosswinddirection.上風(fēng)向Upwind下風(fēng)向Downwind側(cè)風(fēng)向Crosswind側(cè)風(fēng)向Crosswind3先重點(diǎn)，后一般。

Focusfirst,thengeneral.易燃、可燃物品集中區(qū)和這類物品較少的區(qū)域相比。Comparedwithareaswhereflammableandcombustiblematerialsareconcentratedandareaswithfewersuchitems.要害部位和其它部位相比。Thekeypartsarecomparedwithotherparts.3先重點(diǎn)，后一般。

Focusfirst,thengeneral.工作場(chǎng)所作業(yè)客觀條件限制Objectiveconditionsforworkplaceoperations人身著火事故Personalfireaccidents火災(zāi)爆炸事故Fireandexplosionaccidents火災(zāi)撲救過程Firefightingprocess違章操作Illegaloperation火災(zāi)撲救過程Fireextinguishingprocess就地打滾RollinplaceSuppressthefirepartwithyourbody用身體壓滅著火部分自救Selfhelp保持清醒頭腦，切不可跑動(dòng)。Keepaclearheadanddon'trun.否則借助火勢(shì)，會(huì)造成更嚴(yán)重的后果。Otherwise,withthehelpoffire,itwillcausemoreseriousconsequences.自救Selfhelp衣服局部著火Partialclothingfire脫衣Takeoff局部裹壓Localpacking自救Selfhelp明火撲滅后Aftertheopenflameisextinguished棉毛織品Cottonwoolfabrics防止死灰復(fù)燃Preventresurgence自救Selfhelp燃燒速度快Fastburning容易粘在皮膚上Easytosticktotheskin纖織品火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性更大Fiberfabricshaveagreaterriskoffire撲救中或撲滅后Duringorafterextinguishing不能輕易撕扯燒殘衣物Burntclothescannotbeeasilytornoff易造成皮膚大面積創(chuàng)傷Itiseasytocauseextensiveskintrauma加重裸露創(chuàng)傷表面感染Exacerbatesexposedwoundsurfaceinfection纖織品火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性更大Fiberfabricshaveagreaterriskoffire發(fā)生突然1Happenssuddenly燃燒面積大2Largeburningarea受害人不能進(jìn)行自救3Thevictimcannothelphimself易燃可燃液體大面積泄露引起人身著火Large-scaleleakageofflammableandcombustibleliquidcausesapersontocatchfire迅速采取措施滅火Takepromptstepstoextinguishthefire在場(chǎng)人員Peoplepresent易燃可燃液體大面積泄露引起人身著火Large-scaleleakageofflammableandcombustibleliquidcausesapersontocatchfire將受害人拖離現(xiàn)場(chǎng)Dragthevictimawayfromthescene壓蓋滅火Glandextinguishingfire濕衣服Wetclothes毛氈Felt易燃可燃液體大面積泄露引起人身著火Large-scaleleakageofflammableandcombustibleliquidcausesapersontocatchfire使用滅火器壓制火勢(shì)Useafireextinguishertosuppressthefire轉(zhuǎn)移受害人后Aftertransferringthevictim采取人身滅火方法Takepersonalfireextinguishingmethods易燃可燃液體大面積泄露引起人身著火Large-scaleleakageofflammableandcombustibleliquidcausesapersontocatchfire使用滅火器滅人身火災(zāi)Usefireextinguisherstoputoutpersonalfires干粉Drypowderco2Carbondioxide防止造成窒息Preventasphyxiation不能用二氧化碳滅火器對(duì)人身直接滅火Carbondioxidefireextinguisherscannotbeusedtodirectlyextinguishthefire易燃可燃液體大面積泄露引起人身著火Large-scaleleakageofflammableandcombustibleliquidcausesapersontocatchfire燒傷部位Burnsite繃帶Bandage毛巾Towel盡快送醫(yī)院治療Sendtothehospitalfortreatmentassoonaspossible撲滅后，應(yīng)特別注意燒傷患者的保護(hù)。Afterextinguishing,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheprotectionofburnpatients.本課任務(wù)Tasksforthislesson掌握撲救生產(chǎn)裝置初起火災(zāi)的基本措施xxxxxxx1及時(shí)報(bào)警MasterthebasicmeasurestofighttheinitialfireintheproductionequipmentCallthepolicein

time一般情況下Ingeneral發(fā)生火災(zāi)Afirebrokeout1一邊組織滅火Whileorganizingfireextinguishing2一邊及時(shí)報(bào)警Whilecallingthepoliceintime1及時(shí)報(bào)警Callthepolicein

time當(dāng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)只有一個(gè)人時(shí)Whenthereisonlyonepersonatthescene一邊用通信工具呼救Whilecallingforhelpwithcommunicationtools一邊進(jìn)行處理Whileprocessing盡快報(bào)警Callthepoliceassoonaspossible以便取得幫助Inordertogethelp發(fā)現(xiàn)火災(zāi)，迅速撥打火警電話。Ifafireisfound,callthefirealarmimmediately.報(bào)警時(shí)沉著冷靜，講清：Whencallingthepolice,calmandcalm,explainclearly:詳細(xì)地址Detailedaddress起火部位Firesite著火物質(zhì)Firesubstance火勢(shì)大小Detailedaddress報(bào)警人姓名Thenameofthepersonwhoreportedthepolice派人到路口迎候消防車Sendsomeonetotheintersectiontomeetthefiretruck1及時(shí)報(bào)警Callthepolicein

time消防隊(duì)到場(chǎng)后Afterthefirebrigadearrivesatthescene生產(chǎn)裝置負(fù)責(zé)人或崗位人員Thepersoninchargeoftheproductionplantorthepostpersonnel主動(dòng)向消防指揮員介紹情況Taketheinitiativetobriefthefirecommander著火部位Firepart燃燒介質(zhì)Combustionmedium溫度Temperature壓力Pressure迅速做出滅火戰(zhàn)術(shù)決策M(jìn)aketacticaldecisionsaboutfiresuppressionquickly1及時(shí)報(bào)警Callthepolicein

time2快速查清著火部位，燃燒物質(zhì)及物料的來源。

Quicklyidentifytheignitionsite,thesourceoftheburningsubstanceandthematerial.具體做到“三查”：Specificallydo"threechecks":查火源Checkthesourceoffire煙霧Smoke發(fā)光點(diǎn)LuminouspointFire起火位置Location起火周邊的環(huán)境Theenvironmentsurroundingthefire查火質(zhì)Checkthequalityofthefire固體物質(zhì)Solids化學(xué)物質(zhì)Chemicals氣體Gases油料Oils有無易燃易爆品Whetherthereareflammableandexplosivematerials助燃物是什么Whatisacombustible2快速查清著火部位，燃燒物質(zhì)及物料的來源。

Quicklyidentifytheignitionsite,thesourceoftheburningsubstanceandthematerial.具體做到“三查”：Specificallydo"threechecks":燃燒物的性質(zhì)Natureofthecombustible5-7分鐘之內(nèi)為起火階段Within5-7minutesisfirephase最佳時(shí)間Besttime7-15分鐘之內(nèi)為蔓延階段Within7-15minutesissprawlphase

15分鐘以上為擴(kuò)大階段Morethan15minutesisexpansionphase

2快速查清著火部位，燃燒物質(zhì)及物料的來源。

Quicklyidentifytheignitionsite,thesourceoftheburningsubstanceandthematerial.查火勢(shì)Checkthesuitationofthefire具體做到“三查”：Specificallydo"threechecks":處于燃燒的哪個(gè)階段Atwhatstageofcombustion3根據(jù)具體情況，消除爆炸危險(xiǎn)。

Dependingonthespecificsituation,theexplosionhazardiseliminated.帶壓設(shè)備泄漏著火時(shí)Whenthepressurizedequipmentleaksandcatchesfire及時(shí)采取防爆措施Takeexplosion-proofmeasuresinatimelymanner關(guān)閉管道或設(shè)備上的閥門Closethevalveonthepipeorequipment切斷物料Cutoffthematerial冷卻設(shè)備容器Coolingequipmentvessels驅(qū)散可燃蒸氣或氣體Disperseflammablevaporsorgases打開反應(yīng)器上的放空閥Opentheventingvalveonthereactor油泵房發(fā)生火災(zāi)后Afterafireintheoilpumproom停止油泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，切斷泵房電源，關(guān)閉閘閥，切斷油源；Stoptheoperationoftheoilpump,cutoffthepowersupplyofthepumproom,closethegatevalve,andcutofftheoilsource.覆蓋密封泵房周圍的下水道，防止油料流淌而擴(kuò)大燃燒；Covertheseweraroundthesealedpumproomtopreventoilflowandexpandcombustion.冷卻周圍的設(shè)施和建筑物。Coolingsurroundingfacilitiesandbuildings.3根據(jù)具體情況，消除爆炸危險(xiǎn)。

Dependingonthespecificsituation,theexplosionhazardiseliminated.不同的燃燒對(duì)象，燃燒狀態(tài)。Differentburningobjects，combustionregime.選用相應(yīng)的滅火劑Selecttheappropriateextinguishingagent發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)Achemicalreactionoccurs滅火劑使用不當(dāng)Fireextinguishingagentimproperuse燃燒物質(zhì)BurningsubstancesThefireexpanded火勢(shì)擴(kuò)大甚至發(fā)生爆炸Therewasevenanexplosion4正確使用滅火劑Useextinguishingagentcorrectly反應(yīng)器、釜等設(shè)備火災(zāi)的滅火措施Fireextinguishingmeasuresforreactors,kettlesandotherequipmentfires從外部噴射滅火劑Sprayextinguishingagentfromtheoutside向設(shè)備、管道、容器內(nèi)部輸入蒸氣、氮?dú)釹teamandnitrogenarefedintoequipment,pipelines,andvessels4正確使用滅火劑Useextinguishingagentcorrectly5撲滅外圍火焰，控制火勢(shì)發(fā)展。Extinguishperipheralflamesandcontrolthedevelopmentoffires.首先撲滅外圍或附近建筑的燃燒Startbyextinguishingtheburningofperipheralornearbybuildings保護(hù)受火勢(shì)危脅的設(shè)備、車間Protectequipmentandworkshopsthreatenedbyfire對(duì)重點(diǎn)設(shè)備加強(qiáng)保護(hù)，防止火勢(shì)擴(kuò)大蔓延。Strengthentheprotectionofkeyequipmenttopreventthespreadoffire.逐步縮小燃燒范圍Graduallyreducethecombustionrange撲滅火災(zāi)Extinguishfires5撲滅外圍火焰，控制火勢(shì)發(fā)展。Extinguishperipheralflamesandcontrolthedevelopmentoffires.6利用生產(chǎn)裝置現(xiàn)有的固定滅火裝置冷卻、滅火Theexistingfixedfireextinguishingdeviceoftheproductionunitisusedtocoolandextinguishthefire石油化工生產(chǎn)裝置設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)考慮到火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性的大小Fireriskshouldbetakenintoaccountinthedesignofpetrochemicalproductionplant高架水槍Overheadwatergun水炮Watercannon水幕Watercurtain固定噴淋Fixedspray固定冷卻Fixedcooling半固定冷卻Semi-stationarycooling滅火裝置冷卻Thefireextinguishingdeviceiscooled滅火Extinguishfires7及時(shí)采取必要的工藝滅火措施Ta