【暑假銜接】語法知識及重難點題型突破大闖關（人教版）專題01特殊疑問句、形容詞的用法和名詞的單復數(shù) （一）特殊疑問句（二）名詞的單復數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則例詞①一般情況下加sdesk→desks，face→faces②以元音字母加y或o結尾，加sboy→boys，toy→toys，radio→radios，zoo→zoos③以輔音字母加y結尾，變y為i，再加esbaby→babies，story→stories④以s，x，sh，ch結尾加esbus→buses，box→boxes，brush→brushes，watch→watches特例：stomach→stomachs⑤以字母f/fe結尾，變f/fe為v，再加eswolf→wolves，knife→knives[助記：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架（shelf）后保己（self）命（life），半（half）片樹葉（leaf）遮目光。]⑥以輔音字母加o結尾有生命的加es：tomato→tomatoes，hero→heroes；無生命的加s：photo→photos，piano→pianos2.可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則例詞①單復同形sheep→sheep，deer→deer，fish→fish②變a為eman→men，woman→women，policeman→policemen，postman→postmen，gentleman→gentlemen【特例】human→humans③變oo為eefoot→feet，tooth→teeth④其他形式child→children，mouse→mice3.“某國人”（中日不變英法變，其余s加后面）：變man為men：Englishman→Englishmen，F(xiàn)renchman→Frenchmen單復同形：Chinese→Chinese，Japanese→Japanese詞尾加s：German→Germans，American→Americans，Australian→Australians4.集合名詞分為兩類：1.形式為單數(shù)，意義可分為單數(shù)和復數(shù)，如family，team，group，class等。當強調整體時，用單數(shù)表示；當強調集體中每個成員時，用復數(shù)表示。如：Myteamisastrongone.我們隊很強。Myteamareallstrongplayers.我們隊的隊員都很厲害。2.形式為單數(shù)，意義永遠為復數(shù)，如people（人），police。不與a/an連用，但可以與定冠詞the連用，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostboyinthestreets.警察正在街上尋找失蹤的男孩。【拓展】常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞1.成雙成對的名詞：trousers，glasses，scissors，chopsticks，shoes，socks等2.食物類名詞：noodles，vegetables，snacks等3.固定短語中的名詞：expressthankstosb.，inhighspirits，dosports等注意：當這些常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞被量詞修飾時，謂語動詞與量詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：Theseblacksockslooknice.這些黑色襪子看起來不錯。Apairofblacksocksistwodollars.一雙黑色襪子2美元。5.不可數(shù)名詞(1)只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞（組）有：little，alittle，much，agood/greatdealof，abitof等。(2)既能修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞（組）有：alotof，lotsof，plentyof，all，some，most，any，no，therestof等。(3)不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達方式：數(shù)詞/冠詞＋計量名詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞。如：aglassofmilk，twobottlesoforangejuice等。(4)初中階段常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：類別例詞物質名詞流體air空氣water水beer啤酒coffee咖啡oil油tea茶juice飲料wine酒soup湯porridge粥ink墨水顆粒rice大米salt鹽dust灰塵stone石頭sand沙flour面粉dirt塵土自然rain雨水snow雪wind風fog霧食物meat肉beef牛肉mutton羊肉bread面包抽象名詞學科mathematics/maths數(shù)學physics物理politics政治geography地理chemistry化學biology生物history歷史概念advice建議information信息news消息/信息knowledge知識情感fear害怕/畏懼happiness幸福hope希望kindness善良pity同情【拓展】有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞，又可作不可數(shù)名詞，但兩種形式的意義不同，如：單詞可數(shù)名詞意義不可數(shù)名詞意義單詞可數(shù)名詞意義不可數(shù)名詞意義chicken雞雞肉orange橙子；柑橘橙汁fish魚（種類）魚肉glass玻璃杯玻璃life生命生活paper報紙；試卷；論文紙room房間空間time次數(shù)；倍數(shù)時間work作品工作interest業(yè)余愛好興趣；關注；趣味；利息experience經歷經驗wood樹林木材形容詞的用法1.形容詞的用法及位置說明人或事物的特征、性質或狀態(tài)，常用來修飾名詞或復合代詞的詞叫形容詞。(1)作定語，放在名詞之前，復合不定代詞之后。如：Thenicegirlismysister.這個漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。但有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語，如alone,afraid，asleep,awake,alive,well（健康；身體好）等。如：Don'tbeafraid!別害怕!(2)作表語，放在系動詞之后。如：Helookshappy.他看起來很開心。(3)作賓補，放在賓語之后，常與make,leave,keep等動詞連用。如：Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.你必須閉上你的眼睛。different.southern.northern.Chinese.Japanese的變化，如：different.southern.northern.Chinese.Japanese等如：Myanswerisdifferentfromyours.我的答案和你的不一樣。3.the+形容詞某些形容詞放在定冠詞之后，表示一類人或一類事物。如：Weshouldhelptheblindcrossthestreet.我們應該幫助盲人過馬路。4.形容詞的排列順序當名詞有兩個或兩個以上的詞限定或修飾時，這些詞的次序通常遵循一定的規(guī)則，一般不能隨意調換，也不能依照漢語的意思去排列。通?？砂聪旅娴拇涡蚺帕校寒斆~有兩個或兩個以上的詞限定或修飾時，這此詞的次序通常遵循一定的規(guī)則，一般不能隨意調換，也不能依照漢語的意思去排列。通?？砂聪旅娴拇涡蚺帕校?1)限定性的詞，如：冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞等。(2)表示觀點的描繪性形容詞，如beautiful,fine，interesting等。(3)表示大小、長短、高低及形狀的形容詞.如tall，high,small,little,round等。(4)表示年齡、新舊的形容詞，如young,old，new等。black.white.blueblack.white.blue等。(6)表示國籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞，如Japanese.American，English等。(7)表示形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞，如plastic,wooden等。如：somebeautifullittleredflowers一些美麗的小紅花blueplasticplates藍色的塑料盤twobigroundnewChinesewoodentables兩張新的中國式的木制大圓桌基礎提升一、單項選擇1．—________doyoulikepandas?

—________they’recute.A．Why;Because B．How;But C．Why;So D．How;And2．—Sheis______soweshouldtakecareofher.—Youareright.A．blind B．dangerous C．playful3．—______doyougotothemovies?—Twiceaweek.A．Howmuch B．Howlong C．Howoften4．Theoldmanlives_________,butheneverfeels________.A．lonely;alone B．alone;aloneC．alone;lonely D．lonely;lonely5．—________doyoulikeyournewEnglishteacher?—Sheisverykind.A．What B．How C．Who D．Where6．—Howoftendoyouvisityourgrandparents?—________.A．Onceaweek B．Threetimes C．Nextweekend7．—________isthenewstudent________?—Lanzhou.A．Where,in B．Where,from C．What,from D．What,for8．—________doyoudrinksoftdrinks,Lucy?—Hardlyever.Softdrinkshavetoomuchsugar.They’rebadforme.A．Howlong B．Howoften C．Howmany D．Howmuch9．—________milkdoweneedforthecake?—Twocups.A．Howfar B．Howlong C．Howmany D．Howmuch10．—Lily,________doyouusuallygotobed?—At9:30p.m.A．where B．how C．when D．who11．Jackisstudying________historyin________,wherehealsolearnedtomaketraditional________.A．China;China;Chinese B．China;Chinese;chinaC．Chinese;China;china D．Chinese;Chinese;China12．Look!Thereisarabbit,two_______andtwo_______inthepicture.A．sheep;mouse B．wolf;sheep C．foxes;wolves D．wolf;mice13．—______didyouhaveforbreakfasttoday?—Somebreadandjuice.A．What B．Why C．Where D．How14．—Arethereany________betweenthetwins?—Yes.Theyhave________eatinghabitsandseethings________.A．different;differently;differences B．differences;different;differentC．different;differences;differently D．differences;different;differently15．—________?—Heisfunnyandfriendly.A．Howdoesyournewfriendlooklike B．WhatisyournewfriendlikeC．Whatisyournewfriend D．Howisyournewfriendlike二、語法選擇Whatisthemostprecious(珍貴的)kindofanimalinChina?Youprobablysayit’sthepanda.Infact,akindofbirdisaspreciousasthepanda,16manypeopledon’tknowmuchaboutit.Itisthecrestedibis(朱鹮).17birdisaswhiteassnowwitharedfaceanditlooksverybeautiful.Crestedibisesliveintall18bysmallriversorricefields.Theylookforsmallfishandsomeothersmallanimalsforfood.Aboutahundredyearsago,alotofcrestedibises19inChina,RussiaandJapan.Later,astheylosttheirhomes,thesizeofthemwasgetting20andsmaller.Between1965and1980,people21anyofthemlivinginthewild.22,in1981,scientistsfoundsevenoftheminthesouthofShaanxiProvince.Inordertoprotect23,theChinesegovernmentissettingupnaturalparksanddevelopingotherplans.Nowscientistsaredoingalotofresearch24themproduce(繁育)morebabiessothattherewillbemoreandmorecrestedibises.Todaythere25about1,500crestedibiseslivinginthewildandthereareabout500crestedibisesinzoosandresearchcentres.16．A．so B．or C．and D．but17．A．A B．An C．The D．/18．A．tree B．trees C．flower D．flowers19．A．lived B．willlive C．live D．isliving20．A．big B．bigger C．small D．smaller21．A．don’tsee B．didn’tsee C．notsee D．notsaw22．A．Sad B．Sadly C．Lucky D．Luckily23．A．they B．themselves C．their D．them24．A．tohelp B．help C．toask D．ask25．A．have B．has C．are D．is三、閱讀理解ADoyouknowChimelongSafariPark(長隆野生動物園)?Itisdifferentfromotherzoosbecauseyoucantakeacartowatchanimalsinit.Isn’titcooltoseeascarylionjuststandingoutsideyourcar?Thisiswhylotsofpeoplelovetogothere.Peoplecansecmanyrare(稀有的)animalsthere.Asweallknow,koalasareAustralia’ssymbolandtherearefiftykoalasatthepark’sKoalaGarden.InPandaCenter,therearetencutepandas.AndaverygreatplaceintheparkistheWhiteTigerGarden.Over150whitetigerslivethere.Therearealsomanyinterestingthingstodo.Peoplecanwatchanimalshows(tigers,elephantsandlions).Alltheshowsarequitegreat.Wherecanpeoplegoiftheywanttoeat?Thereisafoodstreetandpeoplecantastenicefoodthere.Theparkisopenfrom9:30amto5:30pm.Goandhavefuninit!26．Peoplecan________towatchanimalsinChimelongSafariPark.A．takeabus B．rideabikeC．takeacar D．takethesubway27．WhatanimalisthesymbolofAustralia?A．Koala. B．Tiger. C．Elephant. D．Panda.28．Howlongdoestheparkopenaday?A．For9.5hours. B．For9hours.C．For8.5hours. D．For8hours.29．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Therearefiftypandasinthepark.B．Tigersintheparkcangivepeopleashow.C．Thereisn’tafoodstreetinthepark.D．Thelionsintheparkarewhite.30．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．PandasinChimelongSafariParkB．FoodinChimelongSafariParkC．AnimalShowsinChimelongSafariParkD．SomethingaboutChimelongSafariParkBAnimalsareimportanttousandtheyareourfriends.Butsomeofthemareingreatdanger(危險)now.Whatcanwedotohelpsavethem?Don’teatwildanimals’meat.Someofusliketoeatmeat.Butsomemeatesfromendangered(瀕危的)animals.Tosaveanimals,don’teattheirmeat.Don’twearclothesmadeoffur(毛皮).Sometimespeoplekill(殺死)animalsfortheirfur.Ifwedon’tbuyclothesmadeoffur,peoplewillnotkillanimals.PleasegiveawaymoneytoAnimalHelpers.Thegroupdoeseverythingtohelpsaveanimals.Butitoftenneedsmoney.Sosavesomemoneyandgiveitawaytothegrouptohelpanimals.Tellpeoplethatit’simportanttosaveanimals.Notallpeopleknowanimalsareourfriendsandthatwemustsavethem.Sowhynottellpeoplearoundusthatit’simportanttosaveanimals?Doyouhaveanyothergoodwaystohelpsaveanimals?Writetotellus.31．Howmanywaystosaveanimalsarethereinthetext?A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.32．Whatdosomepeoplekillanimalsforaccordingtothetext?A．Theirfood. B．Theirhome. C．Theirteeth. D．Theirmeatandfur.33．Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A．Somepeopledon’tknowit’simportanttosaveanimals.B．AnimalHelperssometimesneedsmoneytosaveanimals.C．Someanimalsarefriendlytopeopleandbringspeoplefun.D．Somepeoplealwayskillendangeredanimalsfortheirmeat.34．Whatisthestructureofthetext?(①=Paragraph1)A． B． C． D．35．Whatcouldbethebesttitle(標題)forthetext?A．HowtoHelpSaveAnimals B．WhattoDoforAnimalHelpersC．WhentoHelpSaveAnimals D．WheretoFindManyAnimals四、短文填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內所給單詞的正確形式。Annaismyfriend.Sheis36Americangirl.ShelivesinBeijingwithherparents,andsheisinterested37animals.Annacan’tspeakChinese38(good),butshelovestolearnaboutanimalsinChina.AnnalovestotravelaroundBeijing,especially(尤其)totheplaceswhereshecan39(see)differentkindsofanimals.Anna’sparentsareverybusy,40theyusuallytrytomaketimeforfamilyactivities.Theyoftengotozoosandwildlifeparks.OnaSundaymorning,Anna’sparentsarefree.Theygotothezoo.Theyseetigers,monkeys,41(sheep),elephants,bearsandgiraffes.Annalikesthelovelymonkeysandbigelephants.However,shedoesn’tlikethe42(danger)bears.Anna’sfathertakesphotosofAnnawithamotherelephantandababyelephant.Theseelephantshavebigandlongnoses.Theytakefoodwith43(they)noses.Annaalsoseestwofatgiraffes.Hermothertellsherthatthetwogiraffesaregoingtohavesome44(baby).ThenAnnagivesthegiraffessometreeleaves45(eat).Theyebackhomearound5:00p.m.Annafeelsveryhappy.Sheenjoyshertriptothezooandshelikestostaywiththeanimalfriends.五、補全對話根據(jù)對話內容，從文后選出最佳選項補全對話。A:Hi,Jim!OurclassisgoingtovisitthezoothisFriday.Areyouexcited?B:Yes!46.A:Myfavoriteanimalisthepenguin.They’resocute!B:Really47.A:Becausetheycanswimat5~10km/h.B:Cool!Doyouknowthezoorules?A:Ofcourse.48.B:Right.Sowemustkeepitcleanandstayquiet.A:Also,49.Theyonlycatnaturalfood.B:Isee.Lookatthephotosofthem.Howlovely!A:Sotheyare.RemembertobringyourcameratothezoothisFriday.50.A．Whydoyoulikepenguinssomuch?B．Don’tlitterormakenoise.C．What’syourfavoriteanimal?D．Let’stakesomephotos!E．Wemustn’tfeedanimals,either.難點強化一、語法選擇閱讀下面短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，從各小題所給的選項中，選出一個最佳答案，并將答題卡上對應題目所選的選項涂黑。Animalsarefriendsofhumans.Sometimesanimalscansave1lives.Iaminabusyneighborhood,andIliveinatallbuilding.TherearetenfloorsinthebuildingandIliveonthefourthfloor.Ihaveaneighbour(鄰居).SheisGrandmaLi.Shelivesalone.Shelikespetsverymuch.Shehasacutedogin2house.Shelovesitverymuchandthedogisalsoveryfriendly3her.Itlikeseating4.Itisveryquietandseldombarks(吠).IvisitGrandmaLi5aweekwhenIamfree.SometimesIplaywith6dogforalongtime.It’s10:00now,I’mvisitingGrandmaLiasusualand7withthedogoutsideherhouse.GrandmaLiiscookinginthekitchen.Suddenly(突然)thedogisbarkingloudlyandrushingintotheroom.I’mthinkingmaybethereissomethingwronginGrandmaLi’shouse,8I’mfollowingit.Icanseealotofsmoke(濃煙)ingoutfromthewindowofthekitchen.Thehousemustbeonfire(著火).I9call119andstop10dangeroushappening.Whatasmartandhelpfuldog!1．A．people B．peoples’ C．people’s2．A．she’s B．hers C．her3．A．to B．with C．for4．A．meatandvegetable B．meatsandvegetables C．meatandvegetables5．A．twotimes B．twice C．threetime6．A．a B．an C．the7．A．plays B．playing C．play8．A．so B．but C．or9．A．should B．mustn’t C．can’t10．A．something B．everything C．anything二、閱讀理解AFromsmallantstobigwhales,almostallanimalsneedtosleep.Anddifferentanimalshavedifferentwaystosleep.Someseabirdscansleepwhiletheyareflying.Theycanflyformanyhourswithoutmovingtheirwings.Aflamingocansleepwhilestandingononeleg.Thestandinglegalwaysstaysstraight.Theotherlegstaysclosetoitsbody.Horsesoftensleepwhilestandingup.Ifahorseliesdown,itneedsalongtimetogetup.Ahorsecanrunawayfromdangermorequicklyifitisstanding.Andhorsesonlyneedaboutthreehoursofsleepaday!Giraffessleepabout30minutesaday,and5minutesatatime.Theyputtheirheadsontheirbodiesoronthegroundwhensleeping.Whatanamazingway!Adolphinsleepswithjusthalfitsheadatatime.Theotherhalfmuststayawaketotakeinairandtopayattentiontodanger.Dolphinmothersandbabiescanlivewithoutsleepfortwomonthstostaysafe.11．Whichanimalmoveswhilesleeping?A． B． C． D．12．Howmanykindsofanimalssleepwhilestandingupinthepassage?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.13．Howdogiraffessleep?A．Bystandingononeleg.B．Bykeepingtheirnecksstraight.C．Byputtingtheirheadsontheground.D．Bymakinglegsclosetotheirbodies.14．Whydodolphinssleepwithhalftheirheadswhentheysleep?A．Theyhavealargebody.B．Thishelpsthemtosleepwell.C．Theyneedtonoticethedanger.D．Ittakesthemalongtimetogotosleep.15．Whereisthepassagemostprobablyfrom?A．Astorybook. B．Atravelguide. C．Ahistorybook. D．Ananimalreport.BManypeoplethinkthatitisgoodforanelderly(年老的)persontokeepapet.Elderlypeoplemaymisstheirfriendsandfamilywhoarenolongeraround.However,akitten(ayoungcat)foranelderlypersonisnotagoodidea.Kittensaretiring.Elderlypeople,eventhoseinthebestofhealth,willhavealotofdifficultiesrunningafterakittenand,unluckily,kittensdoneedalotofcare.Theyneedtobetrainednottodestroyhomesandnottorunupcurtains(窗簾),andtheyneedalotoffuntimewhichanelderlypersonmaynotbeabletogivethem.Andanelderlypersonwillnotwanttolookforthecat.Itneedsmuchenergy.________________Butkittenscanbereallyexpensive.Theyneedtobetakentotheanimaldoctorsforhealthchecks,especiallywhentheyareyoung.Catfoodisusuallyexpensive,andtheirbeds,toysandotherthingsallcostmuchmoney.Foranelderlypersonlivingonapension(退休金),thecostcanbemorethantheycanafford.Ifanelderlypersonreallywantsananimalfriend,anoldercatwouldbeamuchbetterchoice.Gettingonefromacats’homeshouldmakesurethatitisalreadywelltrained.Andwithalittlebitofcare,itwillliveinahomewithanelderlyperson.Elderlypeopleshouldcarefullythinkaboutanythingthatmayleadtoextrastress(壓力).Sothinkofotherwaysforthemtoliveabetterlife.16．WhatdoesthewriterwanttodoinParagraph1?A．Toadvisetheelderlynottomisstheirfriends. B．Tointroducetheelderlytoapetgift.C．Tocorrectawrongidea. D．Tokeepakittenasapet.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”refertoinParagraph2?A．Kittens. B．Elderlypeople. C．Homes. D．Funactivities.18．What’sthebestsentencefor“________________”inParagraph3?A．Itisnotcheaptocareforacatofanyage.B．Trainingakittenneedslotsofpatience.C．Differentcatsclearlyhavedifferentneeds.D．Kittensareoftenmorepopularthanoldercats.19．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．Theoldercatsgrow,themoretheycost.B．Thecostoftakingcareofkittensishigh.C．Thehealthchecksareuselesswhenakittengrowsup.D．Theelderlypeoplec