閱讀理解重難題測(cè)試（測(cè)試）說(shuō)明文（基礎(chǔ)版）姓名__________得分________閱讀理解(共40小題，每題2.5分，滿分100分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1.（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·揚(yáng)州中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Withanabundanceofsunandwind,SpainispositioningitselfasEurope’sfutureleaderingreenhydrogenproductiontocleanupheavyindustries.Butsomeenergyexpertsexpresscautionbecausethisprocessreliesonmassiveavailabilityofzero-carbonelectricity.Greenhydrogeniscreatedwhenrenewableenergysourcespoweranelectricalcurrentthatrunsthroughwater,separatingitshydrogenandoxygenmolecules(分子).Theprocessdoesn’tproduceplanet-warmingcarbondioxide,butlessthan0.1%ofglobalhydrogenproductioniscurrentlycreatedinthisway.Theseparatedhydrogencanbeusedintheproductionofsteel,ammonia(氨)andchemicalproducts,allofwhichrequireindustrialprocessesthatarehardertostopfossilfuels.Hydrogenalsocanbeusedasatransportationfuel,whichcouldonedaytransformthehighlypollutingshippingandaviationsectors.Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.“IfyoulookatwherehydrogenisgoingtobeproducedinEuropeinthenextmillionyears,it’sintwocountries,SpainandPortugal,”saidThierryLepercq,thefounderandpresidentofHyDealAmbition,anindustryplatformbringingtogether30companies.“Hydrogenisthenewoil.”LepercqisworkingwithcompanieslikeSpanishgaspipelinecorporationEnagasandglobalsteelgiantArcelorMittaltodesignanend-to-endmodelforhydrogenproduction,distributionandsupplyatacompetitiveprice.Criticismhascenteredongreenhydrogen’shighercostcomparedwithhighly-polluting“grayhydrogen”drawnfromnaturalgas.LepercqarguesthatsolarenergyproducedinSpainispricedlowenoughtocompete.Globally,Lepercqsaid,“Electricityis20%ofenergyconsumption.Whataboutthe80%thatisnotelectrified?...Youneedtoreplacethosefossilfuels.Notin50years’time.Youneedtoreplacethemnow.”1．WhyaresomeexpertscautiousaboutgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?A．Itneedslargeamountsofsunandwind. B．Ithasaneffectonheavyindustries.C．Itcausesconflictsamongcountries. D．Ituseslotsofzero-carbonelectricity.2．WhatistheadvantageofgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?A．Idealgeographicalconditions. B．Thesupportfromgovernment.C．Hydrogenproductiontechnology. D．Well-developedpublictransports.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutgreenhydrogeninSpainaccordingtoLepercq?A．Itishighlypriced. B．Itiseasytostore.C．Itiscompetitive. D．Itishighly-polluting.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Spainmanagestousezero-carbonelectricity. B．SpainstrugglestoleadEUinheavyindustry.C．Spaintakestheleadinpreventingairpollution. D．Spainreplacesfossilfuelwithgreenhydrogen.【答案】1．D2．A3．C4．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了憑借充足的陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)，西班牙將成為歐洲綠色氫生產(chǎn)的未來(lái)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butsomeenergyexpertsexpresscautionbecausethisprocessreliesonmassiveavailabilityofzero-carbonelectricity.(但一些能源專家表示謹(jǐn)慎，因?yàn)檫@一過(guò)程依賴于零碳電力的大量可用性)”可知，一些能源專家表示謹(jǐn)慎是因?yàn)檫@一過(guò)程依賴于零碳電力的大量可用性。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.(西班牙面積大，多風(fēng)，人口稀少，每年平均日照超過(guò)2500小時(shí)，為風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能提供了理想的條件，因此也為綠色氫生產(chǎn)提供了理想的條件)”可知，西班牙綠色氫生產(chǎn)的一大優(yōu)勢(shì)就是其優(yōu)越的地理?xiàng)l件。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“LepercqisworkingwithcompanieslikeSpanishgaspipelinecorporationEnagasandglobalsteelgiantArcelorMittaltodesignanend-to-endmodelforhydrogenproduction,distributionandsupplyatacompetitiveprice.Criticismhascenteredongreenhydrogen’shighercostcomparedwithhighly-polluting“grayhydrogen”drawnfromnaturalgas.LepercqarguesthatsolarenergyproducedinSpainispricedlowenoughtocompete.(Lepercq正在與西班牙天然氣管道公司Enagas和全球鋼鐵巨頭ArcelorMittal公司合作，設(shè)計(jì)一種端到端的氫氣生產(chǎn)、分銷和供應(yīng)模式，價(jià)格具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。批評(píng)的焦點(diǎn)是，與從天然氣中提取的高污染“灰氫”相比，綠色氫的成本更高。Lepercq認(rèn)為，西班牙生產(chǎn)的太陽(yáng)能價(jià)格足夠低，具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力)”可知，Lepercq認(rèn)為西班牙的綠氫生產(chǎn)極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。故選C。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Withanabundanceofsunandwind,SpainispositioningitselfasEurope’sfutureleaderingreenhydrogen(氫氣)productiontocleanupheavyindustries.(憑借充足的陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)，西班牙將自己定位為清潔重工業(yè)的綠色氫生產(chǎn)的歐洲的未來(lái)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者)”以及第四段“Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.(西班牙面積大，多風(fēng)，人口稀少，每年平均日照超過(guò)2500小時(shí)，為風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能提供了理想的條件，因此也為綠色氫生產(chǎn)提供了理想的條件)”根據(jù)最后一段“Youneedtoreplacethosefossilfuels.Notin50years’time.Youneedtoreplacethemnow.”（你需要替代那些化石燃料）可知，本文主要介紹的是西班牙憑借充足的陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)打算用綠色氫來(lái)取代化石燃料。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“西班牙用綠色氫取代化石燃料”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D。2.（2023·江蘇泰州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whenyouenjoyyourmorningcupoftea,youareprobablynotawarethatthosetealeavescanmeaninjury,orevendeath,forAsianelephantswanderingIndianteagardens.IntheIndianstateofAssam,growingnumbersofteafarmsaredestroyingtheAsianelephant’shabitatsandendangeringtheirpopulation.MuchoftheforestlandwhereteaisgrowninAssamisflatandthusfarmersmustdigdrainagetrenchesorsmallchannelstopreventwaterfromaccumulatingandhurtingtheplants.Thetrenches,however,canbedeathtrapsfortheelephants.Sincetheelephantsneedtouseteaplantationsaslandmarkswhentravelinginforests,theyalmostunavoidablyhavetomovethroughthefarms.Moreover,becausetherearefewerhumansaround,pregnantfemalesoftenusetea-growingareasassafeshelterstogivebirth.Butbabyelephants,stillnotusedtoroughgroundmayeasilyfallintothetrenchesandgethurt.Onceinjured,theymightnotbeabletoclimbout.Whenmotherstrytodigtheirbabiesout,bothmaybetrappedinthickmud,evenbekilled.Furthermore,elephantsareknowntoresistleavingtheirsickordyingbehind,andagroupmaystayatatrenchwithatrappedbabyforhours,unwillingtomoveonuntilallhopeislost.Istherepossibilityforelephantstoliveinharmonywiththeboomingteabusiness?ElephantFriendlyTeaisanorganizationthattakestheinitiativetomakeitpossible.Theorganizationencouragesconsumerstochoosebrandsthattakeanactivepartinelephantsprotection,andhasestablishedacertificationprogramtorewardteagrowerswhoaredoingitright.Untilnow,onlysmallerteabrandshavebeencertified,butawarenessisgrowing.Theorganizationbelievesthatpeoplemaybeencouragedtobuyelephant-friendlybrandswhentheyknowmoreabouttheriskteacancausetotheseendangeredanimals.5．WhydofarmersinAssamdigtrenches?A．Totrapelephants. B．Tomarkboundaries.C．Toprotectteatrees. D．Toexpandteafarms.6．Whatcanwesayaboutbabyelephants?A．Theygetstuckbythesharpbranchesoftheteatrees.B．Theyhavedifficultymovingaroundtheunevenfields.C．Theymightmissthelandmarkswhiletravellinginforests.D．Theyfailtofindasafeshelterwhenclimbingoutoftrenches.7．Whatdoes“it”underlinedinthelastparagraphreferto?A．Encouragingconsumerstochoosehigh-qualitybrands.B．Rewardingteagrowersforprotectingtheenvironment.C．Promotingelephant-friendlytrenchesandorganizations.D．Creatingawin-winsituationforelephantsandteafarms.8．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheTrenchesPoseThreatstoElephantsB．HabitatLossAffectsEndangeredAnimalsC．GrowthofTeaGardensBenefitsPlantationD．FarmsSponsorEnvironmentalOrganizations【答案】5．C6．B7．D8．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了茶葉種植對(duì)亞洲象的生存環(huán)境造成威脅及ElephantFriendlyTea組織為保證大象安全和茶葉生意的發(fā)展做出的努力。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“MuchoftheforestlandwhereteaisgrowninAssamisflatandthusfarmersmustdigdrainagetrenchesorsmallchannelstopreventwaterfromaccumulatingandhurtingtheplants.”（大部分阿薩姆邦種植茶葉的林地都是平坦的，因此農(nóng)民必須挖排水溝或小渠道，以防止雨水積聚和傷害植物。）可知，茶農(nóng)挖溝渠是為了避免雨水集聚而損害茶樹。故選C項(xiàng)。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butbabyelephants,stillnotusedtoroughgroundmayeasilyfallintothetrenchesandgethurt.”（但是小象還不習(xí)慣粗糙的地面，很容易掉進(jìn)溝渠里受傷。）可知，在不平整的地面上行走，小象面臨許多困難，很容易掉進(jìn)溝渠里。故選B項(xiàng)。7．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Istherepossibilityforelephantstoliveinharmonywiththeboomingteabusiness?ElephantFriendlyTeaisanorganizationthattakestheinitiativetomakeitpossible.”（大象有可能與蓬勃發(fā)展的茶業(yè)和諧相處嗎?ElephantFriendlyTea是一個(gè)主動(dòng)采取行動(dòng)使it成為可能的組織。）可知，該組織采取行動(dòng)，致力于保證大象安全和茶葉生意的發(fā)展，此處it指代上文提到的“elephantstoliveinharmonywiththeboomingteabusiness”，即大象保護(hù)和茶業(yè)發(fā)展的雙贏局面。故選D項(xiàng)。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“IntheIndianstateofAssam,growingnumbersofteafarmsaredestroyingtheAsianelephant’shabitatsandendangeringtheirpopulation.”（在印度阿薩姆邦，越來(lái)越多的茶園正在破壞亞洲象的棲息地，并危及它們的數(shù)量。）及“Thetrenches,however,canbedeathtrapsfortheelephants.”（然而，溝渠對(duì)大象來(lái)說(shuō)可能是死亡陷阱。）并結(jié)合下文茶農(nóng)挖的溝渠對(duì)大象的具體危害的描述可知，本文主要介紹了茶葉種植尤其是茶園內(nèi)的溝渠對(duì)亞洲象的生存環(huán)境造成了威脅。故選A項(xiàng)。（2023·江西省宜豐中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）Somepeoplesaythattheplanetisgettingsmaller,thattherearefewplaceslefttoexplore,andthattheageofexplorationwillbeoversoon.Iwouldargueinsteadthattherehasneverbeenagreaterneedtoexplore.That’sbecausethestageforallexplorationisthenaturalworld,andnatureisexperiencingarapiddecline.Itisbyexploringthatweunderstandandwhenweunderstandwedevelopanappreciationforwhatisfound.Ultimately,onlythethingsweappreciateareworthprotecting.Asthegoldenageofexplorationweakens,sodoestherichnessoflifeonEarth.Itisn’tjustthattherearefewerblankareasonthemap;itisthatwildplacesandspaceshavebeenprogressivelycarvedup(瓜分).VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimpliesaself-supportedexpedition.Fieldstationspopupinimportantnationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebecomescommonplace.Inthenextcentury,Ibelievewewillneedlargerandwilderareas.Wewillneedthewilderness,notjustfortheprotectionofit,butbecauseitisanimportantpartoftheecosystemsfromwhichwegainournecessitieslikecleanwater,foodandmaterials.Ifwesucceed,thenexpeditions—brieftravelsintothewildthatseektoanswerquestions,monitorpopulations,andinspireaction—willhavearenewedsenseofpurpose.Moreimportantly,theygreatlyhelpthepublicexperience,understandandappreciatenature.Basedonmyownresearchexpeditionwhichaimstounderstand“edgeeffects”—howthechangesintemperatureatforestedgesimpactanimals,Ifinditimportantthattoday’sscientistscontinuetospendtimeinthefield.Itisherethattheybegintounderstandhowseeminglyunrelatedenvironmentalinteractionsinfluencetheirstudysystem.Sometimes,it’sdifficulttoknowwhichisimportanttomeasureuntilyoustandoutthereontheforestedge.Itistheyounggenerationthatisthemainforcetoleadthenextwaveofexpeditions.Themeasureoftheirsuccesswillbewhethertherearestillwell-preservedwildplacesforexpeditionsinthefuture.Theirleadershipisneedednow,morethanever.1．What’sthepurposeofthistext?A．Tosuggestunderstandingnaturebykeepingexploring.B．Toadvisepeoplenottotraveltounknownplaces.C．Toinformusaboutthereducedbiodiversity.D．Tocallonthepublictosupportthestudy.2．WhatcanweknowabouttheexpeditioninwildspacesfromParagraph3?A．Itisdifficultforexplorerstomakeprogress.B．Itismoreaccessiblewiththehelpoftechnology.C．Itpromotesthedevelopmentofsatellitetechnology.D．Itrequiresexplorerstotakesufficientheavyequipment.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“popup”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Appearunexpectedly. B．Closetemporarily.C．Developquickly. D．Differgreatly.4．Whatdoestheauthorrealizeafterhisresearchexpedition?A．Thesignificanceofscientists’fieldtrip.B．Thedifficultyofcarryingoutfieldwork.C．Theneedtoexpandtheedgesofforests.D．Theinfluenceofhisstudyontheenvironment.【答案】1．A2．B3．A4．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文，文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家實(shí)地探索來(lái)了解自然的重要性。通過(guò)探索，人們才能理解并欣賞值得保護(hù)的東西。1．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“Iwouldargueinsteadthattherehasneverbeenagreaterneedtoexplore.That’sbecausethestageforallexplorationisthenaturalworld,andnatureisexperiencingarapiddecline.Itisbyexploringthatweunderstandandwhenweunderstandwedevelopanappreciationforwhatisfound.Ultimately,onlythethingsweappreciateareworthprotecting.(相反，我想說(shuō)的是，從未有過(guò)更大的探索需求。這是因?yàn)樗刑剿鞯奈枧_(tái)都是自然界，而自然界正在經(jīng)歷迅速的衰退。正是通過(guò)探索，我們理解了，當(dāng)我們理解了，我們就會(huì)對(duì)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西產(chǎn)生欣賞。最終，只有我們欣賞的東西才值得保護(hù)。)”和第四段“Ifwesucceed,thenexpeditions—brieftravelsintothewildthatseektoanswerquestions,monitorpopulations,andinspireaction—willhavearenewedsenseofpurpose.Moreimportantly,theygreatlyhelpthepublicexperience,understandandappreciatenature.(如果我們成功了，那么探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)——短暫的野外旅行，尋求回答問題、監(jiān)測(cè)種群并激勵(lì)行動(dòng)——將有新的目標(biāo)感。更重要的是，它們極大地幫助公眾體驗(yàn)、理解和欣賞自然。)”可推知，文章的寫作目的是建議通過(guò)不斷探索來(lái)了解自然。故選A。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimpliesaself-supportedexpedition.Fieldstationspopupinimportantnationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebecomescommonplace.(例如，訪問奧卡萬(wàn)戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，就不再意味著自力更生的探險(xiǎn)。在重要的國(guó)家公園里都會(huì)出現(xiàn)野外觀測(cè)站，利用衛(wèi)星進(jìn)行遙感也會(huì)變得很普遍。)”可推知，在技術(shù)的幫助下，野外探險(xiǎn)更加容易到達(dá)，故選B。3．詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞組上文講到“VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimpliesaself-supportedexpedition.(例如，參觀奧卡萬(wàn)戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，不再意味著自力更生的探險(xiǎn)。)”可知，野外探險(xiǎn)不再是自力更生的探險(xiǎn)，因此推斷劃線詞組所在句子“Fieldstationspopupinimportantnationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebecomescommonplace.”的意思是：在重要的國(guó)家公園里出現(xiàn)了野外觀測(cè)站，衛(wèi)星遙感變得司空見慣。說(shuō)明在在技術(shù)的幫助下，野外探險(xiǎn)容易了，可知第三段中帶下劃線的部分的意思是“突然出現(xiàn)”，故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Basedonmyownresearchexpeditionwhichaimstounderstand“edgeeffects”—howthechangesintemperatureatforestedgesimpactanimals,Ifinditimportantthattoday’sscientistscontinuetospendtimeinthefield.Itisherethattheybegintounderstandhowseeminglyunrelatedenvironmentalinteractionsinfluencetheirstudysystem.Sometimes,it’sdifficulttoknowwhichisimportanttomeasureuntilyoustandouttherecmtheforestedge.(根據(jù)我自己的研究考察，目的是了解“邊緣效應(yīng)”——森林邊緣溫度的變化如何影響動(dòng)物，我發(fā)現(xiàn)今天的科學(xué)家繼續(xù)花時(shí)間在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域是很重要的。正是在這里，他們開始理解看似無(wú)關(guān)的環(huán)境相互作用如何影響他們的學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)。有時(shí)候，在你站在森林邊緣之前，很難知道哪個(gè)是重要的測(cè)量值。)”可推知，作者在研究探險(xiǎn)之后意識(shí)到了科學(xué)家實(shí)地考察的意義。故選A。4.（2023·廣東惠州·統(tǒng)考二模）Foryears,learningtospeakCantonesewasnotthathardinSanFrancisco.ItisaplacewhereCantonesespeakersfromSouthChinahavemovedforover150years.Butnow,thereisfearthattheCantoneselanguageandculturemightnotsurvivepresentsocialchanges.Cantoneseisspokenbysome85millionpeopleworldwide.Incomparison,therearearound1billionMandarin(orPutonghua)speakers.InBritain,asintheU.S.,mostschoolsthatofferChineseusuallyteachMandarin.Asaresult,manyfamiliesarestrugglingtofindwaystopassontheirCantoneselanguageandculture.CeciPangrunsclassesforchildrenatRainbowSeedsCantoneseSchoolinLondon.“Manyparentswanttheirkidstobeabletocommunicatewiththeirgrandparents,”shesaid.“It’sjustsohardhere,therearesofewlearningresourcesandlotsofparentsgetupset.That’susuallythepointtheparentscometome.”InChina,thereareCantonesetelevisionprogramsaswellasCantoneseannouncementsonpublictransport.InHongKong,however,Cantoneseremainsthecity’stoplanguage.Itisusedby90percentofthepopulationaccordingtoanassistantprofessorattheEducationUniversityofHongKong.ItisadifferentstoryintheU.S.TheteachingofCantonesehasdecreasedsomewhat,includinginSanFrancisco,acitythathasdrawnmanyCantonesespeakersovertheyears.TheSanFranciscoschoolsystemhasCantoneseandMandarinprogramsforyoungerstudents.Butinhighschool,MandarinistheonlyChineselanguageavailable.Thisspring,someindependentChineseschoolsarehelpingtoteachthelanguageasCantonese-speakingcommunitiesgrow.AleydaPoehasbeenmanagingtheCantonesekindergartenatMeritChineseSchoolinPlano,Texas,formorethan10years.PoeputhertwosonsintheschoolsothattheycouldlearnaboutCantoneselanguageandculture.Now,sheishelpingotherfamiliesdothesame.12．WhataretheCantonesespeakersworriedabout?A．SurvivalofCantoneselanguageandculture. B．IncreasingsocialchangesinSanFrancisco.C．MoreandmoreMandarinspeakersworldwide. D．LessCantonesespeakersinSouthChina.13．HowdoesCeciPanghelptohandleCantoneselearninginLondon?A．Byvisitingandtalkingwithlocalfamilies. B．ByorganizinglanguageclassesforkidsC．ByreducingChinesecultureteachingatschools D．Byusingunlimitedonlineresources14．WhatisimpliedaboutCantoneselearningbothinChinaandtheU.S.?A．SanFranciscoisacitywiththemostCantoneselearnersB．Cantoneseislearntby90percentofthepopulationinChinaC．LearningresourcesandopportunitiesarelimitedintheU.S.D．TherearenoCantoneselearningprogramsinSanFrancisco15．Whichcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．ImportancetoimproveCantoneselearningglobally.B．CurrentstatusofCantoneselearningoverseasC．AbriefintroductiontoCantoneselearninghistoryinU.S.D．DebatesbetweenCantoneseandMandarinlearning【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了海外學(xué)習(xí)粵語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butnow,thereisfearthattheCantoneselanguageandculturemightnotsurvivepresentsocialchanges.(但現(xiàn)在，有人擔(dān)心粵語(yǔ)和粵語(yǔ)文化可能無(wú)法在當(dāng)前的社會(huì)變革中生存下來(lái))”可知，說(shuō)粵語(yǔ)的人在擔(dān)心粵語(yǔ)和粵語(yǔ)文化的保存。故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“CeciPangrunsclassesforchildrenatRainbowSeedsCantoneseSchoolinLondon.(CeciPang在倫敦彩虹種子粵語(yǔ)學(xué)校為孩子們開設(shè)課程)”可知，CeciPang為孩子們組織語(yǔ)言課程來(lái)幫助學(xué)生在倫敦學(xué)習(xí)粵語(yǔ)。故選B。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“InBritain,asintheU.S.,mostschoolsthatofferChineseusuallyteachMandarin.Asaresult,manyfamiliesarestrugglingtofindwaystopassontheirCantoneselanguageandculture.(在英國(guó)，和美國(guó)一樣，大多數(shù)提供漢語(yǔ)的學(xué)校通常教授普通話。因此，許多家庭都在努力尋找方法來(lái)傳承他們的粵語(yǔ)和文化。)”和最后一段“ItisadifferentstoryintheU.S.TheteachingofCantonesehasdecreasedsomewhat,includinginSanFrancisco,acitythathasdrawnmanyCantonesespeakersovertheyears.TheSanFranciscoschoolsystemhasCantoneseandMandarinprogramsforyoungerstudents.Butinhighschool,MandarinistheonlyChineselanguageavailable.(美國(guó)的情況則不同。粵語(yǔ)教學(xué)有所減少，包括在舊金山，這座城市多年來(lái)吸引了許多講粵語(yǔ)的人。舊金山的學(xué)校系統(tǒng)為低年級(jí)學(xué)生開設(shè)了粵語(yǔ)和普通話課程。但在高中，普通話是唯一可用的中文)”可推知，有關(guān)粵語(yǔ)，在美國(guó)，學(xué)習(xí)資源和機(jī)會(huì)是有限的。故選C。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Foryears,learningtospeakCantonesewasnotthathardinSanFrancisco.(多年來(lái)，在舊金山學(xué)廣東話并不是那么難)”以及第二段“InBritain,asintheU.S.,mostschoolsthatofferChineseusuallyteachMandarin.Asaresult,manyfamiliesarestrugglingtofindwaystopassontheirCantoneselanguageandculture.(在英國(guó)，就像在美國(guó)一樣，大多數(shù)提供中文課程的學(xué)校通常都教授普通話。因此，許多家庭都在努力尋找傳承粵語(yǔ)和廣東文化的方法)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了海外學(xué)習(xí)粵語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題。可知，B選項(xiàng)“海外學(xué)習(xí)粵語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)狀”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。5.（2023·廣東·高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）Haveyoueverfanciedatennislessonfromoneoftheworld’sgreatesttennisplayersatyourlocalcourt?Thisdreamcametruefortwoyoungplayers,whogottotrainwith20-year-oldsuperstarEmmaRaducanuaftersheappearedasahologram—aphotographicrecordingoftheimage.WhileSamClague,14,andDiamondPaisley,12,werebothinLondon,theBritishnumberonewasinAbuDhabi.Duringtheworld’sfirstholographiclesson,MsRaducanu’savatarappearedtofeedballstotheplayersandgavelivefeedbackontheirshots,like“thatwasfastandtherewaslotsoftopspinonthat”.EvenSamsaidhethoughtshehadbeenprerecordedatfirstuntilshespokewithhimdirectly.Theirholographictrainingsessionoffersaglimpseintohowadvancingtechnologycouldrevolutionizetenniscoaching,accordingtoDrIanPearson.DrPearsonthinksthatmixedrealityheadsetswillsoonallowtennisplayerstofeeltheyareplayinginunusualvirtualenvironments,likeonaspacestationorthemiddleofalakeThrough5G,thefutureoftenniswillseeincreasedinteractionbetweenreallifetenniscourtsandtherichimaginationweseeincomputergames-playingwhenever,whereverandwhoeveryouwant.Fullsensoryvirtualrealitycouldevenplacetheviewerinsidethetennisplayer’sshoesinrealtime.DrPearsonsaid:“By2030,withactiveskintechnology,theplayingstylesandeventhesensationsoftop-levelplayerscouldbecaptured,sothatanyonecouldexperiencehowitactuallyfelttoplaythatgamethroughfullsensoryvirtualreality.”Finally,sportswearmadefromsmartmaterialscouldallowforadigitalcoachpoweredbyartificialintelligence(AI)toprovidefeedbackonaplayer’sform.DrPearsonsaid:“Al-controlledsuitsmadefromsmartmaterials,suchasfabricswithsensors,canhelpplayersfindtheperfectstrokewhenhittingorreturningaservebyquicklylearningthemusclememoryofaflawlessforehand.UsingdirectfeedbackfromfriendlyvirtualAIcoaches,newplayerscandevelopandlearnmuchmorequickly.”16．WhatdidMsRaducanudointhefirstholographiclesson?A．Giveplayersarealtimeguidance. B．Requireplayerstofollowhershots.C．Recordcoachingcontentsinadvance. D．Shareherexperiencesthroughthehologram.17．Whatcanfullsensoryvirtualrealitymakeviewersdo?A．Increasetheirimaginationofsports. B．Taketheplaceoftoplevelplayers.C．Experiencethefeelingofplayersonthespot. D．Haveasenseofplayinginanunusualplace.18．What’sDrPearson’sattitudetowardsvirtualAIcoaches?A．Critical. B．Skeptical. C．Cautious. D．Favorable.19．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thefutureofcoaching. B．ThethreatfromAItocoaches.C．Thefirstlivecoachingonline. D．Theappearanceofdigitalcoaches.【答案】16．A17．C18．D19．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。講述了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)如何給網(wǎng)球教練帶來(lái)革命性的變化，使網(wǎng)球的新球員可以更快地發(fā)展和學(xué)習(xí)。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Duringtheworld’sfirstholographiclesson,MsRaducanu’savatarappearedtofeedballstotheplayersandgavelivefeedbackontheirshots,like“thatwasfastandtherewaslotsoftopspinonthat”.EvenSamsaidhethoughtshehadbeenprerecordedatfirstuntilshespokewithhimdirectly.(在世界上第一堂全息課程中，拉杜卡努女士的化身出現(xiàn)在球員面前，給他們運(yùn)球，并對(duì)他們的擊球給出實(shí)時(shí)反饋，比如“這個(gè)球很快，有很多上旋球”。連山姆都說(shuō)，一開始他以為她是被預(yù)先錄好的，直到她直接和他說(shuō)話)”可知，Raducanu女士在第一節(jié)全息課上給球員一個(gè)實(shí)時(shí)的指導(dǎo)。故選A。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“By2030,withactiveskintechnology,theplayingstylesandeventhesensationsoftop-levelplayerscouldbecaptured,sothatanyonecouldexperiencehowitactuallyfelttoplaythatgamethroughfullsensoryvirtualreality.(到2030年，有了主動(dòng)皮膚技術(shù)，頂級(jí)球員的游戲風(fēng)格甚至感覺都可以被捕捉到，這樣任何人都可以通過(guò)全感官虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)體驗(yàn)到打球的真實(shí)感受)”可知，全感官虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)能讓觀眾現(xiàn)場(chǎng)體驗(yàn)球員的感受。故選C。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“DrPearsonsaid:“Al-controlledsuitsmadefromsmartmaterials,suchasfabricswithsensors,canhelpplayersfindtheperfectstrokewhenhittingorreturningaservebyquicklylearningthemusclememoryofaflawlessforehand.UsingdirectfeedbackfromfriendlyvirtualAIcoaches,newplayerscandevelopandlearnmuchmorequickly.”(皮爾森博士說(shuō)：“由智能材料制成的人工智能控制的比賽服，比如帶有傳感器的織物，可以幫助球員在擊球或回發(fā)球時(shí)快速學(xué)習(xí)完美正手的肌肉記憶，從而找到完美的擊球方式。使用友好的虛擬人工智能教練的直接反饋，新球員可以更快地發(fā)展和學(xué)習(xí)?！?”可知，皮爾森博士認(rèn)為虛擬人工智能教練能使新球員可以更快地發(fā)展和學(xué)習(xí)，所以他的態(tài)度是贊成的。故選D。19．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Theirholographictrainingsessionoffersaglimpseintohowadvancingtechnologycouldrevolutionizetenniscoaching,accordingtoDrIanPearson.(伊恩·皮爾森博士說(shuō)，他們的全息訓(xùn)練課程讓人們得以一窺先進(jìn)的技術(shù)如何給網(wǎng)球教練帶來(lái)革命性的變化)”以及縱觀全文主要講述了科技的發(fā)展，為網(wǎng)球教練帶來(lái)完全不一樣的改變，即教練的未來(lái)。故選A。6.（2023·河北張家口·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Chemicalstakenfromsawdust(鋸屑)andwatercanknockoutmorethan99percentofsomedisease-causingmicrobes(微生物).Thatmakesthesawdustmixapotentialalternativetocurrentmicrobe-killingchemicals.Manydisinfectants(消毒劑)usedtodaycanharmtheenvironment.Theyformpoisonousby-productswhentheygetwashed.Somepotentiallygreenerdisinfectantsexist.Theyrelyonachemicalcalled“phenol(苯酚)”.Butthesecleanerscanbecostlyandtakealotofenergytomake.ShichengZhangwentsearchingforabetteroption.He’sanenvironmentalengineeratFudanUniversityinShanghai,China.Woodcontainsmanymolecules(分子)thatlooklikephenol.SoZhangwonderedifmicrobe-killingchemicalscouldbeobtainedfromsawdustthroughalow-costandlow-energyprocess.Heandhisfellowresearcherscookedmixturesofwaterandsawdustforonehour.Theyheatedthissawdustsoupunderpressure,andthenfilteredit.Later,theytestedhowwelltheliquidkilledoffmicrobes.ThisliquidwipedoutE.colibacteria—microbesthatcancausefoodpoisoning.Theliquidalsokilledanthraxbacteria.Thesemicrobescausedangerousinfections.What’smore,thedisinfectantstoppedfluvirusesfrombeinginfectious.Theresearchersalsoaddeddifferentamountsofwatertothesawdustsoup.Thatletthemtesthowconcentratedithadtobetoknockoutmicrobes.Dependingonitsconcentration,themixcouldkillmorethan99percentofthemicrobes.Lookingatkilledmicrobesunderamicroscoperevealedsomeofthewaysthesawdustmixkills.Thedisinfectantdamagedthemicrobes’cellwalls.Italsomayhavemessedwiththemicrobes’proteinsandDNA．Zhangandhisfellowresearchersdidn’tstopatasawdustdisinfectant.Theymadedisinfectantsfromotherplantmaterials,too.Someofthesestartedasbamboopowder.Othersweremadeusingriceplant.Plantmaterialsthatarericherinmoleculesthatreleasephenol-likecompoundsarebestatkillingmicrobes.Oneexampleiscornstraw.20．WhatmaybeanadvantageofZhang’ssawdustdisinfectantoverexistingones?A．Beingsaferandmoreeffective.B．Beingenvironment-friendlyandlessexpensive.C．Beinglessexpensiveandhavingmorelastingeffect.D．Beingmoreeffectiveandhavingmorelastingeffect.21．WhatgaveZhangtheideaofthesawdustdisinfectant?A．Theabsenceofmicrobesinsawdust. B．Thephenol-likemoleculesinwood.C．Theexistenceofagreenerdisinfectant. D．Thepossibilityofbeingfoodpoisoned.22．HowwasZhang’sresearchfurthercarriedout?A．Byanalyzingdatafrompreviousstudies.B．Byidentifyingthewaysdifferentdisinfectantskill.C．Byimprovingtheprocessofdealingwithby-products.D．Bycomparingtheeffectsofdifferentconcentrationsofthemix.23．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．APublicDriveAimstoGreenerDisinfectantsB．AChineseUniversityGrowsMicrobe-killingPlantsC．ADisinfectantMadefromSawdustKnocksoutMicrobesD．AChineseTeamMadeBreakthroughsinDiseaseResearch【答案】20．B21．B22．D23．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)復(fù)旦大學(xué)張教授團(tuán)隊(duì)從鋸屑水中提取消毒劑的一項(xiàng)研究。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Manydisinfectants(消毒劑)usedtodaycanharmtheenvironment.Theyformpoisonousby-productswhentheygetwashed.Somepotentiallygreenerdisinfectantsexist.Theyrelyonachemicalcalled“phenol(苯酚)”.Butthesecleanerscanbecostlyandtakealotofenergytomake.(今天使用的許多消毒劑會(huì)危害環(huán)境。當(dāng)它們被清洗時(shí)，會(huì)形成有毒的副產(chǎn)品。存在一些可能更環(huán)保的消毒劑。它們依賴于一種叫做“苯酚”的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。但這些清潔劑價(jià)格昂貴，需要大量的能源來(lái)制造)”以及第三段“ShichengZhangwentsearchingforabetteroption.He’sanenvironmentalengineeratFudanUniversityinShanghai,China.Woodcontainsmanymolecules(分子)thatlooklikephenol.SoZhangwonderedifmicrobe-killingchemi