2025全國英語等級考試（PETS）二級試卷：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)硬件英語試題考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項選擇題（每題1分，共10分）1.TheInternetofThings(IoT)isanetworkofdevicesthatare___________withsensors,software,andnetworkconnectivity.A.connectedB.linkedC.pairedD.combined2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTakeycharacteristicofIoTdevices?A.Theyaresmartandcancommunicatewitheachother.B.Theyarebattery-poweredandhavelimitedprocessingpower.C.Theyareequippedwithsensorstocollectdata.D.Theycanperformcomplexcomputationswithouthumanintervention.3.IntheIoT,theterm"edgecomputing"refersto:A.Theuseofacentralservertoprocessdata.B.Theuseofmicrocontrollerstoprocessdataattheedgeofthenetwork.C.Theuseofcloudcomputingtostoreandprocessdata.D.Theuseofacombinationofbothcentralserversandmicrocontrollers.4.WhichofthefollowingisacommonwirelesscommunicationprotocolusedinIoTdevices?A.BluetoothB.Wi-FiC.EthernetD.USB5.The___________isadevicethatconnectsIoTdevicestotheinternet.A.routerB.gatewayC.accesspointD.switch6.TheprocessoftransferringdatafromanIoTdevicetoacloudserveriscalled:A.datacollectionB.dataprocessingC.datatransmissionD.datastorage7.WhichofthefollowingisabenefitofusingIoTinsmarthomes?A.ReducedenergyconsumptionB.IncreasedsecurityrisksC.HighercostsD.Decreasedlivingcomfort8.Theterm"smartcity"referstoacitythatuses___________toimprovethequalityoflifeforitsresidents.A.IoTtechnologyB.traditionalinfrastructureC.renewableenergysourcesD.publictransportation9.IntheIoT,___________areusedtoensurethesecurityofdatatransmission.A.firewallsB.encryptionC.intrusiondetectionsystemsD.alloftheabove10.WhichofthefollowingisapotentialchallengeinimplementingIoTinhealthcare?A.EnsuringdataprivacyB.IntegratingvarioussystemsC.EnsuringdeviceinteroperabilityD.Alloftheabove二、完形填空（每題1分，共10分）Intheworldoftechnology,theInternetofThings(IoT)hasbecomeincreasinglypopular.Itisanetworkofdevicesthatare___________withsensors,software,andnetworkconnectivity.Thistechnologyhasthepotentialtorevolutionizevariousindustries,including___________.OneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofIoTisitsabilityto___________datafromvarioussources.Forexample,inasmarthome,IoTdevicescan___________informationaboutenergyconsumption,security,andenvironmentalconditions.Thisdatacanthenbeusedto___________andoptimizethehome'sperformance.AnotherareawhereIoTismakinga___________impactisinhealthcare.IoTdevicescan___________patients'vitalsignsandtransmitthedatatohealthcareprovidersinreal-time.Thisallowsfor___________monitoringandtimelyinterventions.However,implementingIoTindifferentindustriesalsopresentsseveralchallenges.Oneofthemainconcernsis___________.Ensuringthatdataissecurelytransmittedandstorediscrucialtoprevent___________.Additionally,ensuring___________betweendifferentdevicesisessentialforseamlessoperation.Despitethesechallenges,thepotentialbenefitsofIoTmakeita___________technology.Itsabilityto___________data,improveefficiency,andenhancethequalityoflifemakesita___________investmentforbusinessesandgovernmentsalike.A.equipped,industries,collect,gather,improve,monitor,security,breaches,interoperability,promising,collect,valuableB.connected,sectors,process,collect,optimize,significant,track,security,threats,compatibility,promising,process,valuableC.integrated,fields,analyze,monitor,enhance,important,dataprivacy,breaches,interoperability,promising,analyze,worthwhileD.equipped,domains,transmit,gather,optimize,remarkable,monitor,datasecurity,threats,compatibility,promising,transmit,worthwhile三、閱讀理解（每題2分，共10分）Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.TheInternetofThings(IoT)hasbecomeacrucialcomponentinthemodernworld.Itinvolvesconnectingeverydayobjectstotheinternet,enablingthemtocollectandexchangedata.Thistechnologyhasthepotentialtotransformvariousaspectsofourlives,fromhealthcaretotransportation.OneofthekeybenefitsofIoTisitsabilitytoimproveefficiency.Forinstance,inmanufacturing,IoTdevicescanmonitortheperformanceofmachinesandpredictpotentialbreakdowns,allowingfortimelymaintenance.Thisnotonlyreducesdowntimebutalsoextendsthelifespanoftheequipment.Inthehealthcareindustry,IoTdevicescantrackpatients'vitalsignsandtransmitthedatatohealthcareprovidersinreal-time.Thisenablescontinuousmonitoringandtimelyinterventions,potentiallyimprovingpatientoutcomes.Additionally,IoTcanbeusedtomanageinventoryandsupplychains,reducingwasteandoptimizingresourceallocation.However,thewidespreadadoptionofIoTalsoraisesconcernsaboutsecurityandprivacy.Withtheincreasingnumberofconnecteddevices,theriskofcyberattacksanddatabreacheshasgrown.EnsuringthesecurityofIoTdevicesandthedatatheycollectiscrucialtomaintainpublictrustandprotectsensitiveinformation.Questions:1.WhatisthemainpurposeofIoTdevicesinthemanufacturingindustry?A.ToimproveefficiencyB.ToenhancesecurityC.ToreducecostsD.Toincreaseproduction2.HowcanIoTdevicesbenefitpatientsinthehealthcareindustry?A.Byprovidingreal-timedatatohealthcareprovidersB.ByreducingthenumberofhospitalvisitsC.ByreplacingtraditionalmedicalequipmentD.Byimprovingpatientcommunication3.WhatisoneofthemainchallengesassociatedwiththewidespreadadoptionofIoT?A.DataprivacyB.CompatibilitybetweendevicesC.HighcostsD.Lackofskilledprofessionals4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepotentialimpactofIoTonthetransportationindustry?A.ImprovedefficiencyB.IncreasedsafetyrisksC.ReducedfuelconsumptionD.Decreasedtransportationcosts5.WhatisthemainconcernregardingthesecurityofIoTdevices?A.TheriskofcyberattacksanddatabreachesB.ThepotentialfordevicemalfunctionC.ThedifficultyofmaintainingdeviceupdatesD.Thehighcostsofimplementingsecuritymeasures四、翻譯題（每題2分，共10分）1.TheIoTdevicesaredesignedtocollectandanalyzedatafromvarioussources,whichcanhelpbusinessesmakeinformeddecisions.2.WiththeadvancementofIoTtechnology,smarthomesarebecomingmorecommon,offeringconvenienceandenergyefficiency.3.ThesecurityofIoTdevicesisamajorconcern,astheyarevulnerabletocyberattacksanddatabreaches.4.Inthehealthcareindustry,IoTdevicescanimprovepatientoutcomesbyenablingremotemonitoringandtimelyinterventions.5.TheintegrationofIoTinagriculturecanleadtoincreasedcropyieldsandreducedenvironmentalimpact.五、簡答題（每題5分，共25分）1.簡述物聯(lián)網(wǎng)（IoT）的基本概念及其在現(xiàn)代社會中的應(yīng)用。2.解釋物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備在智能家居中的角色，并舉例說明其如何提高居住舒適度。3.分析物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域的潛在益處，以及可能面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。4.討論物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在農(nóng)業(yè)中的應(yīng)用，以及它如何幫助農(nóng)民提高生產(chǎn)效率和可持續(xù)性。5.描述物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在智能城市中的作用，并說明其對居民生活質(zhì)量的影響。六、論述題（每題10分，共20分）1.論述物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在提高能源效率方面的作用，并舉例說明其在不同行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用。2.分析物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在數(shù)據(jù)安全和隱私保護(hù)方面的挑戰(zhàn)，并提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。本次試卷答案如下：一、單項選擇題1.A解析：TheInternetofThings(IoT)指的是通過連接來實現(xiàn)的，因此選項A"connected"是正確的。2.B解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備通常具有有限的處理能力和電池供電，因此選項B"battery-poweredandhavelimitedprocessingpower"不是其關(guān)鍵特征。3.B解析：邊緣計算是指在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的邊緣進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，而不是在中央服務(wù)器上，因此選項B"Theuseofmicrocontrollerstoprocessdataattheedgeofthenetwork"是正確的。4.A解析：藍(lán)牙是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備中常用的無線通信協(xié)議，因此選項A"Bluetooth"是正確的。5.B解析：網(wǎng)關(guān)是連接物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的設(shè)備，因此選項B"gateway"是正確的。6.C解析：從物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備到云服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸過程稱為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，因此選項C"datatransmission"是正確的。7.A解析：智能家居通過物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)減少能源消耗，因此選項A"Reducedenergyconsumption"是其一個主要益處。8.A解析：智能城市使用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)來改善居民生活質(zhì)量，因此選項A"IoTtechnology"是正確的。9.D解析：為了確保數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)陌踩?，通常使用防火墻、加密和入侵檢測系統(tǒng)，因此選項D"alloftheabove"是正確的。10.D解析：在醫(yī)療保健中實施物聯(lián)網(wǎng)時，確保數(shù)據(jù)隱私、系統(tǒng)集成和設(shè)備互操作性都是挑戰(zhàn)，因此選項D"Alloftheabove"是正確的。二、完形填空A.equipped,industries,collect,gather,improve,monitor,security,breaches,interoperability,promising,collect,valuable解析：這些詞填入空格中，使句子意思連貫。例如，"TheInternetofThings(IoT)isanetworkofdevice