必修三第三單元復(fù)習(xí)主題科技發(fā)明基礎(chǔ)檢測(cè)1.The__________(press)ofthewatercausedthepipetoburst.2.Withtheadvancementoftechnology,virtualrealityhasbecome__________(virtual)indistinguishablefromreallife.3.Thegymnastmoved__________(flexible)andgracefully,showcasingthe__________(flexible)ofthehumanbody.4.Sheprovedherself__________(capability)ofhandlinggreatresponsibility.5.The__________(significant)ofhisdiscoverycannotbeoverstated.6.The__________(injure)tohislegpreventedhimfromrunninginthemarathon.7.The__________(chemistry)compositionofthesubstancewasanalyzedinthelaboratory.8.The__________(astronomy)madeseveralgroundbreakingobservationswithhertelescope.9.Therenowned__________(biology)dedicatedherlifetostudyingmarineecosystems.10.The__________(accurate)ofhismeasurementswascrucialtothesuccessoftheexperiment.11.Thepoliticalpartyrepresentsthe__________(minor)ofthepopulation.12.The__________(origin)manuscriptofthebookwascarefullypreservedinthelibrary.13.Her__________(brilliant)insolvingcomplexproblemsimpressedeveryoneintheroom.14.Shestruggled__________(mental)withthedecisionforseveraldays.15.Thecountry's__________(declare)ofindependencemarkedasignificantturningpointinitshistory.16.The__________(experiment)resultssupportedthehypothesis.17.Thenovelwaspopulatedwith__________(fiction)charactersinafantasticalsetting.18.Pleasesendtheemailwiththenecessary__________(attach).19.The__________(conduct)efficientlymanagedtheflowofpassengersontothetrain.20.__________(science)researchhasledtonumerousadvancementsinmedicine.21.The__________(entirely)projectwascompletedaheadofschedule.22.Theevidencepresentedincourtwasinsufficientto__________(proof)hisguilt.23.Her__________(ordinary)talentmadeherstandoutinthecompetition.1.The**pressure**ofthewatercausedthepipetoburst.2.Withtheadvancementoftechnology,virtualrealityhasbecome**virtually**indistinguishablefromreallife.3.Thegymnastmoved**flexibly**andgracefully,showcasingthe**flexibility**ofthehumanbody.4.Sheprovedherself**capable**ofhandlinggreatresponsibility.5.The**significance**ofhisdiscoverycannotbeoverstated.6.The**injury**tohislegpreventedhimfromrunninginthemarathon.7.The**chemical**compositionofthesubstancewasanalyzedinthelaboratory.8.The**astronomer**madeseveralgroundbreakingobservationswithhertelescope.9.Therenowned**biologist**dedicatedherlifetostudyingmarineecosystems.10.The**accuracy**ofhismeasurementswascrucialtothesuccessoftheexperiment.11.Thepoliticalpartyrepresentsthe**minority**ofthepopulation.12.The**original**manuscriptofthebookwascarefullypreservedinthelibrary.13.Her**brilliance**insolvingcomplexproblemsimpressedeveryoneintheroom.14.Shestruggled**mentally**withthedecisionforseveraldays.15.Thecountry's**declaration**ofindependencemarkedasignificantturningpointinitshistory.16.The**experimental**resultssupportedthehypothesis.17.Thenovelwaspopulatedwith**fictional**charactersinafantasticalsetting.18.Pleasesendtheemailwiththenecessary**attachments**.19.The**conductor**efficientlymanagedtheflowofpassengersontothetrain.20.**Scientific**researchhasledtonumerousadvancementsinmedicine.21.The**entire**projectwascompletedaheadofschedule.22.Theevidencepresentedincourtwasinsufficientto**prove**hisguilt.23.Her**extraordinary**talentmadeherstandoutinthecompetition.二．能力突破科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代科技類(lèi)5篇話題解讀“科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代科技”話題是歷年高考英語(yǔ)的必考話題，主要題型為閱讀理解，體裁一般為說(shuō)明文，分值所占比重也比較高。該話題包括各領(lǐng)域最新科技知識(shí)、最新發(fā)明創(chuàng)造等方面?？萍家呀?jīng)影響滲透到我們生活的方方面面，例如電視、電腦、手機(jī)、MP3、火箭、衛(wèi)星、宇宙飛船……解題技巧科學(xué)與技術(shù)類(lèi)閱讀理解主要包括科學(xué)研究、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造、科普知識(shí)三大主題。文章詞匯難度較大，具體的解題步驟如下：在理解文章主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上一定、二找、三比較。一定：讀題干，定關(guān)鍵詞二找：利用關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)合命題順序，在文中找到信息句三比較：將信息與選項(xiàng)比較，選出正確答案。正確的答案的特征1.與主題吻合2.同義替換3.語(yǔ)氣委婉，不絕對(duì)化錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特征：無(wú)中生有、以偏概全、偷換概念、過(guò)度推理、常識(shí)干擾、絕對(duì)化真題再現(xiàn)Passage1【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。沒(méi)有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在某些情況下大量獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。(2023新高考I卷D)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation. B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.33.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall B.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicate D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups. B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess. D.Theindividualestimates.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【答案】32-35BDCD32.【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。從更專(zhuān)業(yè)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)或依賴(lài)，估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)下降)”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，討論了獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。33.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.(從更專(zhuān)業(yè)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的)”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步劃分為允許進(jìn)行討論的小組時(shí)，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。例如，從四個(gè)五人討論組的估計(jì)中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)確)”可知，人們?cè)跊](méi)有獨(dú)立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說(shuō)明即使在估計(jì)數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。34.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?(在一項(xiàng)針對(duì)100名大學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實(shí)際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對(duì)自己的估計(jì)最有信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎)”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實(shí)際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)是小組內(nèi)的討論過(guò)程。故選C。35.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。Passage2【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文一篇說(shuō)明文。為解決司機(jī)在開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)使用手機(jī)造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問(wèn)題，紐約的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來(lái)監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開(kāi)車(chē)的時(shí)候是否使用了手機(jī)。(2022新高考Ⅱ卷C)Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.9.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A.Whereadrivercamefrom. B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfastadriverwasgoing. D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-【答案】8-11ABDB8.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”（在過(guò)去的七年里，大多數(shù)州都禁止司機(jī)發(fā)短信，公共服務(wù)活動(dòng)也嘗試了各種各樣的方法來(lái)說(shuō)服人們?cè)陂_(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)放下手機(jī)。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”（然而，無(wú)論以何種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，這個(gè)問(wèn)題似乎都在惡化。）可知，大多數(shù)州使用了各種各樣的方法說(shuō)服司機(jī)們?cè)陂_(kāi)車(chē)的時(shí)候放下手機(jī)，可是情況卻越來(lái)越糟糕。所以各種方法是無(wú)效的。A選項(xiàng)ineffective意為“無(wú)效的”，與此相符。故選A。9.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.”（這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以確定司機(jī)是否發(fā)了短信、發(fā)了郵件，或者做了紐約免提駕駛法不允許的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能夠確定的是司機(jī)是否使用了手機(jī)發(fā)短信、郵件以及其他駕駛法不允許的行為。B選項(xiàng)意為“是否司機(jī)使用了手機(jī)?！迸c此相符，故選B。10.【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.”（我們需要一些能改變?nèi)藗冃袨榈臇|西，）可知，something是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈氖虑椤８鶕?jù)下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”（他說(shuō)，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會(huì)更害怕拿起手機(jī)。）可知，人們的行為會(huì)改變的條件是當(dāng)Textalyzer法案成為法律。受到法律的約束和懲罰，司機(jī)們才不會(huì)在開(kāi)車(chē)的時(shí)候使用手機(jī)。故something指代的是法律。故選D。11.【解析】主旨大意題?？v觀全文，第一段和第二段闡述的是“雖然大多數(shù)州已經(jīng)嘗試了各種各樣的方法來(lái)說(shuō)服人們?cè)陂_(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)放下手機(jī)?？墒菃?wèn)題卻越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重”。第三段中“Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore.”（部分原因是開(kāi)車(chē)的人越來(lái)越多）可知，解釋了該行為產(chǎn)生的部分原因。第四段至第五段講述的是為了解決該問(wèn)題是紐約立法者提出了一個(gè)新的想法即利用Textalyzer技術(shù)，來(lái)監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開(kāi)車(chē)的時(shí)候是否使用了手機(jī)。最后一段講述的是：相關(guān)人士呼吁該項(xiàng)技術(shù)能夠成為真正的法案由此才能真正地改變?nèi)藗兊男袨?。故B選項(xiàng)TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer（發(fā)短信還是在開(kāi)車(chē)？防范短信監(jiān)控器。）適合文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。Passage3【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了情商的定義以及對(duì)有關(guān)于情商未來(lái)研究的期望。(2021新高考Ⅰ卷D)Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?AItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest. B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills. D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic. B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.CItspracticalapplication. D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】32-35DBAB32.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities(研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于這些品質(zhì)的形成)”可知，情商有助于這些品質(zhì)的形成，所以情商并不是指一個(gè)人的積極品質(zhì)。故選D項(xiàng)。33.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.(醫(yī)生可能利用這種準(zhǔn)確理解他人感受的能力來(lái)找到最好的幫助病人的方法，而騙子可能利用這種能力來(lái)控制潛在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“醫(yī)生”和“騙子”是舉例子來(lái)闡明下文的觀點(diǎn)——情商高并不一定能使一個(gè)人成為有道德的人。故選B項(xiàng)。34.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.…Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchers(宣傳的總體效果一直是利大于弊。這種普及最積極的方面是雇主、教育者和其他對(duì)促進(jìn)社會(huì)福利感興趣的人對(duì)情感進(jìn)行了新的、迫切需要的強(qiáng)調(diào)。情商的普及幫助了公眾和研究人員)”可知，作者認(rèn)為總體效果利大于弊，情商的普及幫助了公眾和研究人員，所以作者對(duì)情商普及的態(tài)度是贊同的。故選A項(xiàng)。35.【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.(我們希望這種關(guān)注將激發(fā)人們對(duì)情感科學(xué)和學(xué)術(shù)研究的更大興趣。我們希望在未來(lái)的幾十年里，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將為研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾碜约旱纳钐峁┬碌囊暯?”可推知，本段主要講述對(duì)未來(lái)關(guān)于情商研究的期望。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage4【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了澳大利亞一名教授正在開(kāi)發(fā)一種機(jī)器人，用于監(jiān)測(cè)放牧牛的健康狀況。(2021新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ卷D篇)AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.SalahSukkarieh,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,seesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenareaging.Heisbuildingafour-wheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.Itwillusecamerasandsensorstomonitortheanimals.Acomputersystemwillanalyzethevideotodeterminewhetheracowissick.Radiotags(標(biāo)簽)ontheanimalswillmeasuretemperaturechanges.Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringtheshape,colorandtexture(質(zhì)地)ofgrass.Thatway,cattlemenwillknowwhethertheyneedtomovetheircattletoanotherfieldfornutritionpurposes.Machineshavelargelytakenoverplanting,wateringandharvestingcropssuchascomandwheat,butthemonitoringofcattlehasgonethroughfewerchanges.ForTexascattlemanPeteBonds,it'sincreasinglydifficulttofindworkersinterestedinwatchingcattle.ButBondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry-andfailedattemptstousetechnology-haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.Bonds,whoboughthisfirstcattlealmost50yearsago,stillhaseachofhiscowboysinspect300or400cattledailyandlookforsignsthatananimalisgettingsick.Othercattlemenseemorepromiseinrobots.MichaelKelseyParis,vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen'sAssociation,saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.Cattletendtobekeptinremoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisen,makingthemappealingtargets.12.Whatisaproblemwiththecattle-raisingindustry?A.Soilpollution. B.Lackofworkers.C.Agingmachines. D.Lowprofitability.13.WhatwillSukkarieh'srobotbeabletodo?A.Monitorthequalityofgrass. B.Curethediseasedcattle.C.Movecattletoanotherfield. D.Predictweatherchanges.14.WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?A.Hewantstohelpthemearnaliving. B.Hethinksmencandothejobbetter.C.Heisinexperiencedinusingrobots. D.Heenjoysthetraditionalwayoflife.15.HowmayrobotshelpwithcattlewatchingaccordingtoMichaelKelsey?A.Increasethevalueofcattle. B.Bringdownthecostoflabor.C.Makethejobmoreappealing. D.Keepcattlefrombeingstolen.【答案】12-15BABD12.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.（澳大利亞一名教授正在開(kāi)發(fā)一種機(jī)器人，用于監(jiān)測(cè)放牧牛的健康狀況，這一開(kāi)發(fā)可能會(huì)給畜牧業(yè)帶來(lái)重大變化。幾十年來(lái)，畜牧業(yè)主要依靠低技術(shù)手段，但目前正面臨勞動(dòng)力短缺的問(wèn)題。）”可知，畜牧產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨勞動(dòng)力短缺的問(wèn)題。故選B。13.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringtheshape,colorandtexture(質(zhì)地)ofgrass.（通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)草的形狀、顏色和質(zhì)地來(lái)跟蹤草地的質(zhì)量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的機(jī)器人可以監(jiān)測(cè)草的質(zhì)量。故選A。14.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ButBondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry-andfailedattemptstousetechnology-haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.（但邦茲認(rèn)為機(jī)器人并不適合這份工作。多年的行業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)——以及使用技術(shù)的失敗嘗試——使他確信，檢查牛的最好方法是讓一名男子騎在馬上。）”可知，皮特·邦茲仍然雇傭牛仔看牛是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為人能做得更好。故選B。15.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“MichaelKelseyParis,vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen'sAssociation,saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.（俄克拉荷馬州養(yǎng)牛人協(xié)會(huì)副會(huì)長(zhǎng)邁克爾·凱爾西·帕里斯說(shuō)，鑒于人們對(duì)偷牛的擔(dān)憂(yōu)不斷上升，機(jī)器人可能會(huì)非常有用。）”可知，機(jī)器人幫助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故選D。Passage5【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文?！渡窠?jīng)病學(xué)》雜志發(fā)布的一則研究顯示，需要大量的分析思考、細(xì)致規(guī)劃和其他管理技能有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能會(huì)幫助你的大腦隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而保持敏銳。(2020?浙江7月高考?C)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(認(rèn)知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It’snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating(協(xié)調(diào)),”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”O(jiān)fcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasonsincludingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(認(rèn)知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating(協(xié)調(diào)),”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”O(jiān)fcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus. B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality. D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?A.Byusinganexpert’swords. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D.Byintroducingaconcept.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge【答案】28-30DBC28.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.(來(lái)自德國(guó)萊比錫大學(xué)的研究人員召集了1000多名75歲以上的退休老人，并通過(guò)一系列的測(cè)試對(duì)他們的記憶力和思維能力進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。)”可知，科學(xué)家讓志愿者做測(cè)試是為了測(cè)試他們的心智能力。故選D項(xiàng)。29.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中FranciscaThen說(shuō)的話“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,(這就像體育鍛煉一樣有效。)”及接下來(lái)進(jìn)一步的解釋“長(zhǎng)跑后人就會(huì)感到痛苦和疲憊，但它確實(shí)能強(qiáng)身健體。工作一天下來(lái)會(huì)感到勞累，但這也使你的大腦處于健康狀態(tài)”可知，F(xiàn)ranciscaThen是通過(guò)與“身體鍛煉”作比較來(lái)解釋他的發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選B項(xiàng)。30.【解析】主旨大意題。第一段“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage(需要大量的分析思考、細(xì)致規(guī)劃和其他管理技能有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能會(huì)幫助你的大腦隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而保持敏銳。)”是本文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作可能會(huì)使大腦保持敏捷，所以C項(xiàng)“困難的工作可能有助于大腦保持敏捷”適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)?？萍碱?lèi)詞匯對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀passage1Asnake﹣robotdesigner，atechnologist，anextradimensionalphysicistandajournalistwalkintoaroom.Thejournalistturnstothecrowdandasks：Shouldwebuildhousesontheocean？Likeathink﹣tankpanel，membersoftheteamdreamupfar﹣outanswerstothecrucialproblem，suchasself﹣drivinghousingunitsthatcouldparkontopofoneanotherinthecoastalcitycenter.ThesettingisX，theenterprisewhichconsidersmorethan100ideaseachyear，inareasrangingfromcleanenergytoartificialintelligence.Althoughonlyatinypercentagebecome"projects"withfar﹣reachingcreativity，theseprojectsexist，ultimately，tochangetheworld，likeWaymo，thebiggestself﹣driving﹣carcompany.Inthepast60years，somethingstrangehashappened.Astheacademicstudyofcreativityhasthrived（蓬勃發(fā)展），thelabelinnovationmayhavecoveredeverytinychangeofasodacanoratoothpasteflavor