Part5:3DPrintingCAD/CAM:PrinciplesandApplications(CAD/CAM原理與應(yīng)用)CollegeofMechanicalandElectricalEngineering,HohaiUniversity（河海大學(xué)機(jī)電工程學(xué)院）Associateprof.康蘭

Historyof3DPrinting3DPrintingProcess3DPrintingMaterialsContents3DPrintingBenefitsandChallengesWhatis3DPrinting?PrinciplesBehind3DPrintingAnOverviewof3DPrintingIndustryContentsApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrintingAcquiringa3DModelTheEmergingApplicationsof3DPrinting4Dprinting

Will3DPrintingReplaceConventionalManufacturing?

CaseStudiesHistoryof3DPrintingThetechnologyforprintingphysical3DobjectsfromdigitaldatawasfirstdevelopedbyCharlesHullin1984.Historyof3DPrintingHullnamedthetechniqueasStereolithography

andobtainedapatentforthetechniquein1986.（Stereolithography）Hullwentontoco-found3DSystemsCorporation(oneofthelargestandmostprolificorganizationsoperatinginthe3Dprintingsectortoday.)Bytheendof1980s,othersimilartechnologiessuchasFusedDepositionModeling(FDM)andSelectiveLaserSintering(SLS)wereintroduced.Historyof3DPrintingIn2005,ZCorp.launchedabreakthroughproduct,namedSpectrumZ510,whichwasthefirsthighdefinitioncolor3DPrinterinthemarket.Anotherbreakthroughin3DPrintingoccurredin2008withtheinitiationofanopensourceproject,namedReprap,whichwasaimedatdevelopingaself-replicating3Dprinter.Inthepastyears,researchersandscientistsweretryingtoexplorenewapplicableareasof3Dprinting,especiallyinmedical

industryandaerospaceindustry.Studyingnewmaterialssuitablefor3Dprinting.Historyof3DPrintingBioprinter,4Dprinting.“3Dprintedcar”,“3Dprintedkidney”,“3Dprintedmetalparts”,……AnOverviewof3DPrintingIndustry1.

InfluentialCompaniesin3DPrintingIn2014,Appinionsliststhe“TenMostInfluentialCompanies”in3Dprinting(MakerbotwasacquiredbyStratasysin2013).Autodesk,Inc.TheCalifornia-basedsoftwarecompanyhasbeeninvolvedin3Dtechnologiesandprogramsforyears,itunveileda3Dprintingopensoftwareplatformandintroduceditsown3Dprinter.The3Dprintingmarketismaturingrapidly,"asattentionandinfluenceshiftsfromthecompaniesthatmanufacturetheseamazingdevicestoabroadrangeofindustrieswherethetechnologyisfindingdistributionandpracticalapplications".That'sonekeyfindingfromanewstudybythemarketersanddatajournalistsatAppinions.A,Inc.AppinionsaysAmazon'sinfluenceasaretailgiant,alongwiththecompany'srecentintroductionofa3Dprinteditemsmarketplace,pusheditintothenumbertwospot.AnOverviewof3DPrintingIndustryStratasysLtd.(SSYS)headquarteredinMinnesota,focusesonboththecommercial3Dprintingmarketandalsotheconsumer,desktop,3Dprintingmarket.StratasysLtd.wasformedthroughthe2012mergeroftwoprominent3Dprintingfirms,StratasysInc.,andObjetLtd.In2013,SSYScompletedtheacquisitionofMakerBotIndustries,aleaderindesktop3Dprinting.3DSystemsCorporationinvented3Dprintingin1989withitsinventionandpatentingofitsstereolithographytechnology.3DSystemshasalsodevelopedadditionaltechnologies,includingselectivelasersintering,multi-jetprinting,filmtransferimaging,colorjetprinting,directmetalprintingandplasticjetprinting.AnOverviewof3DPrintingIndustryOfcourse,Fromatechnicalpointofview,StratasysLtdand3DSystemsCorporationarestillthekeyplayersin3Dprintingindustry.AnOverviewof3DPrintingIndustryGlobal3Dprintermarketsharein20132.Global3DprintermarketshareGlobal3Dprintermarketsharein2015showsthatStratasysand3Dsystemsarestillinthefirstandsecondposition.AnOverviewof3DPrintingIndustryMachineindustryAerospaceMedical/dentalindustryConsumergoodsCarsOthersArchitecture

MilitaryindustryEducation3.Global3Dprintingapplicationanalysis(in2013)4.Global3Dindustrial-gradeprintermarketshare(2013)ItalyBritishChinaGermanyJapanAmericaOthersCanadaSouthKoreaFranceAnOverviewof3DPrintingIndustry5.Globalmajorprospectsinthe3DprintermarketAnOverviewof3DPrintingIndustry

CompetitiveFocusProducePrintingMaterialsDevelopmentofCoreTechnologyDeskTopPrintersProfessionalSupplyofMaterialsAnOverviewof3DPrintingIndustryMostCompetitiveAreasPersonalUseMoldIndustryMilitaryIndustryAerospaceislowvolumeproductionandisideallysuitedfor3Dprinting.Partscannowbecreatedwithcomplexgeometriesandshapesthatinmanycasesareimpossibletocreatewithout3Dprinting.Thisisalsoanattractiveareafor3Dprinting.Ascheaper3Dprintinghardwareentersthemainstream,moreandmorepeoplewillhaveatleastthepotentialtostart3Dprintingthingsathome,

andsomesmallcompanieswillalsoprintcustomizedorpersonalizedproducts.Consumeroptionsfordesktopswillrise.Comparingwithtraditionalwayofproducingmolds,3Dprintingprototypemoldsin-houseoffersafast,affordablewaytoproduceinjectionmoldedprototypes.Designersandengineerscantesttheirworkmorefrequentlyandmoreaccurately,andgotoproductionwithconfidence.

Basically,3Dprinterscanbecategorizedintotwotypes,desktopandindustrial-gradeones.AnOverviewof3DPrintingIndustry6.Typesof3DprintersThetypesof

3dprinters

canalsobedifferentiatedbytheirtechnologies,asshowninthesectionoftypesof3Dprinting.

Theindustrial-grade3dprintersareexpensiveandusedforthecreationofprototypesformanufacturingfirms.Desktop3dprintersareforpersonalusewhichpricesarerelativelymuchlowerthanindustrial-gradeprinters.3Dprintingreferstotransformcomputerdigitalmodelsintophysicalrealitybybuildingthemupinsuccessivelayersofmaterial.Whatis3DPrinting?Otherterminology:RapidPrototyping(RP),DirectManufacturing(DM)orDirectDigitalManufacturing(DDM),AdditiveManufacturing(AM).Subtractivemanufacturing*3Dprintingwasasimpleversionofrapidprototypingtechnology,butnowwiththedevelopmentofindustrial-gradeprinters,3Dprintingisbecominganindustrialleveladditivemanufacturingtechnology.3DPrintingprocessDecidingwhatyouwanttomakeCreatinga3DcomputermodelSelectingthematerial(s)youwilluseSlicingthemodelintoprintablelayersSTL(3D,layerinformation),SCLorCLICreatingcommandsfortheprinterFabricationoftheobjectPost-processingPost-processing:Cleanandremovesupportmaterial,excessmaterials,paintingpartsetc.3DPrintingprocesssolidnamefacetnormalninjnk

outerloopVertex1

vx

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vz

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ASCIISTLFormatofa.STLfileThermoplastics1.ExtrudedMaterials3DPrintingMaterialsExperimentalmaterials：compositematerialsPolylacticacid(PLA))Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene(ABS)Polycarbonate(PC)Polyamides(nylon)High-impactpolystyrene(HIPS)High-densitypolyethylene(HDPE)Fuseddepositionmodeling(FDM)systemsuseextrudedmaterials.3DPrintingMaterialsFilament:spoolsofplasticwitha1.75mmor3mmdiameter.3DPrintingMaterials3D-printedlightpipesinDisney’sPrintedOpticExamplesof3Dprintedproductbyusingextrudedmaterials.3DPrintingMaterialsExtrudedalternatives:chocolate3D-printedchocolatebunny3DPrintingMaterialsExtrudedalternatives:3D-printedpancake(developedby吳一黎,施侃樂)3DPrintingMaterials2.GranularMaterialsPlasticpowdersSugarandsalt3DprintingusingsugargranulesMetalpowdersA3Dprintedtitaniumjointimplant3DPrintingMaterialsSandandnaturalgranularmaterialsAsolar-powered3DprinterbuiltbyMIT’sMarkusKayserandtheprintedobject3DPrintingMaterials3.BioMaterialsBioprintingfoodandanimalproductsTheideabehindBioprintingfoodandanimalproductsistocreatelivingtissueslikemeatwithouttheneedforkillinganimals,andbioprintingleatherproduction.ReplacementtissuesandorgansTheideabehindreplacementtissuesandorgansistobioprinttissuesandorgansfromourowncells,soanti-rejectionmedicationsandwaitinglistsforbiocompatiblematcheswillberelicsofabygoneera.3DPrintingMaterials4.AlternativeMaterialsRecycledmaterialsPrintingstructuresbyusingcontourcrafting3DPrintingMaterials3Dprintedmodelsmadewithpaper3DPrintingMaterials3DPrintingBenefitsandChallenges

1.Benefitsof3DPrintingCustomizationComplexityTool-lessSustainable/Environmentallyfriendly2.

LimitationsandChallengesof3DPrintingLimitationsformassproductionRoughsurface3DPrintingBenefitsandChallengesLesssecurityLiabilityissuesIntellectualpropertyissuesEthicalissuesinmedicineOthersocialsecurityissuesPrinciplesBehind3DPrinting1.Typesof3DPrintingFusedDepositionModelling(FDM)FDMis“materialextrusion”Materialextrusion3Dprinting―withasinglenozzleBasicprinciplebehindFDMEden260VS3DprinterandtheprintedobjectPrinciplesBehind3DPrintingExamplesofFDM:PrinciplesBehind3DPrintingA3DprinterwithtwonozzlesPrinciplesBehind3DPrintingSchematicdiagramofdualextrusion3DprinterPrinciplesBehind3DPrinting2.PolyjetBasicprinciplebehindPolyjet3DprintingPrinciplesBehind3DPrintingExampleofmulti-material3Dprinting3.StereoLithography(SLA)BasicprinciplebehindSLAPrinciplesBehind3DPrintingPrinciplesBehind3DPrinting4.SelectiveLaserSintering(SLS)BasicprinciplebehindSLSPrinciplesBehind3DPrintingBasicprinciplebehindSLS

5.SheetLaminationBasicprinciplebehindsheetlaminationPrinciplesBehind3DPrintingExamplesofpaperprintedobjects（sheetlamination）PrinciplesBehind3DPrintingAcquiringa3DModelHowtoacquirea3Dmodel?

UsingaCADProgramScanninganExistingObjectDownloadingorBuyingaModelfromtheWebApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrinting1.TheApplicationsof3DPrintingPersonalizedObjects

IndustriesA3DprintedconceptcarunveiledbyEDAG(1)Conceptmodeling(2)

PhysicalandfunctiontestingApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrintingExamplesofprintedmolds(3)

Printingjigs,fixtures,patterns,molds,anddiesTheoriginalUrbee1ApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrinting(4)

Automotive3DprintedpartsusedinaerospaceApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrinting(5)AerospaceAdronewith150piecesofthefrontpart3DprintedForhobbyistsandenthusiastsofdrones,the

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marketplace)setupashopfor3Dprinteddroneparts.ApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrintingShop

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marketplaceApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrintingApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrintingAprintedairplaneshell3Dprintedstructures(6)ArchitectureApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrinting

D-ShapeprinterinventedbyEnricoDiniAprintedgianteggwithlargeholesshoesApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrinting(7)Consumerproductsclothesguitarstoysjewelries(8)MedicalindustryApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrintingApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrintingAdesktopinjectprinterusingcellsApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrintingTheorganprinterandtheprintedkidneydonebyAtalaandhisteamApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrintingCuringthewoundbyusingscanningandprinting3DprintertoprintrightonthepatientsApplicationsandtheFutureof3DPrintingAprintedplastermodelsAskingraftprinter1.EducationTheEmergingApplicationsof3DPrintingTeachingdesign,engineering,andartAfter-schoolactivitiesThespecial-needsstudentScientificvisualizationThecrystalstructures,3DprintdesignbyGeorgeHartThefollowingexamplesshowsomegeometricallycomplexmathematicmodelscanbevisualizedbyusing3Dprinting.TheEmergingApplicationsof3DPrinting3DprintdesignsbyBathshebaGrossmanTheEmergingApplicationsof3DPrinting3DprintdesignsbyHenrySegermanandSaulSchleimerTheEmergingApplicationsof3DPrinting2.PrintingFoodTheEmergingApplicationsof3DPrintingWeddingcaketoppersTheEmergingApplicationsof3DPrintingAchocolate3D