Ⅰ.閱讀單詞1.intriguev. (因奇特或神秘而)激起……的興趣,引起……的好奇心2.pyramidn. 金字塔3.astronomyn. 天文學4.tropicaladj. 來自熱帶的;產于熱帶的5.getawayn. 逃跑,逃走6.retreatv. 后退;離開;退避7.subduev. 克制,抑制(情緒)8.unchartedadj. 地圖上沒有標明的9.delvev. 探索,探究10.shipwreckn. 失事的船;沉船11.coraln. 珊瑚12.upwardsadv. 向上,朝上13.trenchn. 海溝14.equivalentadj. 等同的;等值的;相當的15.vesseln. 船;艦Ⅱ.核心單詞1.PanamaCanal 巴拿馬運河2.thedownfallofthecities 城市的衰敗3.around500millimetres 約500毫米4.achemicalsubstance 一種化學物質5.furthermoreadv. 此外;而且;不僅如此Ⅲ.一詞多義1.buryv.將……埋在下面,埋葬;覆蓋;掩藏(感情);埋頭于,專心于①burythedead埋藏死者②beburiedundersnow被雪覆蓋③buryherfeelings掩藏她的情感④beburiedinwork專心于工作2.ruinn.(pl.)殘垣斷壁,廢墟;破產v.毀壞,破壞①intheruins在廢墟中②thebrinkofruin瀕臨破產③ruinourtrip破壞我們的旅行3.shrinkv.退縮,畏縮;(使)收縮,縮水①shrinkfromdanger在危險面前退縮②shrink15percent收縮15%4.stackv.(使)整齊地堆起;摞起n.一疊,一摞,一堆①stackboxes把箱子摞起②astackofbooks一摞書Ⅳ.派生單詞1.civilisationn. 文明(社會)civilisev. 使文明;使有教養(yǎng)civilisedadj. 文明的2.abandonv. 離棄,逃離;放棄abandonedadj. 被放棄的,被遺棄的;放縱的3.dismissv. 拒絕考慮,否定;消除,去除;開除,解雇;解散dismissaln. 解雇,開除;不予理會;解散4.expansionn. 擴大;增加expandv. 擴大;擴張;膨脹5.investigationn. 調查;科學研究investigatev. 調查;研究6.archaeologicaladj. 考古學的;考古的archaeologyn. 考古學archaeologistn. 考古學家7.notableadj. 顯要的;顯著的;值得注意的notev. 注意;記錄n. 筆記notablyadv. 顯著地;尤其8.drillingn. 鉆探;勘探drillv. 鉆(孔),打(眼);操練Ⅴ.短語詞塊1.correspondto 與……相符/一致2.apply...to... 把……應用于……3.runforone’slife 逃命4.checkout 調查,檢查5.steerclearof 避開……;從……處脫身6.setout 出發(fā);動身踏上(漫長的)旅途7.throwoneselfinto 積極投入到……中去8.thinktwice 再三考慮,慎重考慮9.shrinkfrom 避免做,不愿做10.lookinto 調查(問題)11.ontopof 除此之外;在……上面12.beyondthereachof 超出……的能力之外;……夠不著13.fallintoruin (因無人照料而)衰落,敗落14.makeagetaway 逃跑,逃走15.testthewaters 試水,試探Ⅵ.教材佳句1.IntriguedbyMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage,15-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourythoughthehadmadeanincrediblediscoveryfromhisstudyofancientstarcharts.(動詞-ed形式作狀語)十五歲的加拿大少年威廉·甘德瑞自幼便對瑪雅文明著迷,他認為自己通過研究古老星象圖有了驚人發(fā)現。2.Meanwhile,theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast,presentandfuture.(leave+賓語+賓語補足語)同時,瑪雅文明的崛起與衰落必定也讓我們思考我們自己的過去、現在與將來。3.Furthermore,theoceansareavaluablesourceofnaturalresources,someofwhicharecompletelynewtous.(“代詞+介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句)此外,海洋是寶貴的自然資源的來源,其中有些資源對我們來說是全新的。4.Humankindisenteringanewageofoceanicdiscovery,andtheworldbeneaththewavesmayonedaybealmostasfamiliartousasthelandwewalkupontoday.(海洋探索)人類正進入海洋發(fā)現的新時代,或許有朝一日,我們會像熟悉腳下的土地一樣熟悉那海浪下的世界。?構詞法日積月累詞綴ex-表示“出,出去”①expand擴大;擴張;膨脹②exclude把……排斥在外;排除③export出口④exhale呼氣⑤expose暴露StepOne寫一寫Ⅰ.閱讀單詞1.beintriguedbyMayacivilisation激起對瑪雅文明的興趣2.pyramidsbuiltbyancientEgyptians古埃及人建造的金字塔3.physicsandastronomy物理學和天文學4.theworld’stropicalforests全球熱帶雨林5.retreattoherbedroom退避到她的臥室6.subdueherfears克制她的恐懼7.coralreefs珊瑚礁8.beequivalenttofivemiles等于五英里Ⅱ.核心單詞1.furthermoreadv.此外;而且;不僅如此2.canaln.運河3.downfalln.衰敗4.millimetren.毫米5.substancen.物質Ⅲ.派生單詞1.civilisev.使文明;使有教養(yǎng)→civilisationn.文明(社會)→civilisedadj.文明的2.abandonv.離棄,逃離;放棄→abandonedadj.被放棄的,被遺棄的;放縱的3.dismissv.拒絕考慮,否定;消除,去除;開除,解雇;解散→dismissaln.解雇,開除;不予理會;解散4.expandv.擴大;擴張;膨脹→expansionn.擴大;增加

5.investigatev.調查;研究→investigationn.調查;科學研究6.archaeologyn.考古學→archaeologicaladj.考古學的;考古的→archaeologistn.考古學家7.notev.注意;記錄n.筆記→notableadj.顯要的;顯著的;值得注意的→notablyadv.顯著地;尤其Ⅳ.短語互譯1.setout出發(fā);動身踏上(漫長的)旅途

2.thinktwice再三考慮,慎重考慮

3.shrinkfrom避免做,不愿做

4.lookinto調查(問題)

5.correspondto與……相符/一致

6.apply...to...把……應用于……7.fallintoruin(因無人照料而)衰落,敗落8.throwoneselfinto積極投入到……中去9.runforone’slife逃命10.checkout調查,檢查11.ontopof除此之外;在……上面12.beyondthereachof超出……的能力之外;……夠不著Ⅴ.句式仿寫1.句型公式:動詞-ed形式作狀語Rejectedmanytimes,themandidnotloseheart.

雖然被拒絕了很多次,這個人并沒有失去信心。2.句型公式:leave+賓語+賓語補足語WhatDadsaidwasaterribleblowtome,leavingmeintodeeperanxiety.(心理描寫)

爸爸的話對我是一個沉重的打擊,使我陷入更深的焦慮之中。3.句型公式:“代詞+介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句Duringhislifetime,hewroteagreatnumberofexcellentpoems,allofwhichhaveagreateffect/influenceonChineseculture.(人物介紹)

在他的一生中,他寫了大量優(yōu)秀的詩歌,所有這些都對中國文化產生了巨大的影響。StepTwo練一練Ⅰ.根據語境和首字母提示寫出單詞的正確形式1.InanenvironmentexposedtoEnglish,myEnglishlisteningandspeakingabilitiesgotimprovedgreatly.Furthermore,Imadesomenewfriends,whohelpedmealot.2.Whenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances,forexample,waterandoxygen.3.Hislackofexperiencehadledtohisdownfall.4.Thearrivalofcanalswasofgreatvaluetomanyindustries.Ⅱ.根據語境用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空1.Thisabandonedboywasabandoninghimselftoplayinggamesonlineallday.(abandon)2.Incollege,hemajoredinhistoryandarchaeologyandbecameafamoushistorianandarchaeologist.Throughhishardwork,someimportantarchaeologicalfindingshavebeendiscovered.(archaeology)3.Anofficialtoldusthattheystartedtoinvestigatethecaselastmonthandtheinvestigationwasnotoveryet.(investigate)4.Hisworkmatesnotedthathemadenotablecontributionstothecommunity.(note)Ⅲ.短語填空throwoneselfinto;lookinto;apply...to...;beyondthereachof;setout;shrinkfrom1.Eachparticipantsetoutfromtheschoolgateat6amandthenclimbedupMountainNan,coveringabout10kilometers.

2.Sheputthemedicineonthetopshelf,whichwasbeyondthereachofherson.

3.Weareproudthatnomatterhowbigthedifficultiesaheadare,we’llnevershrinkfromthem.

4.Later,Idecidedtoapplymypreviousexperiencetohowtoreadandwrite.5.Ateamofscientistsaresenttolookintothepossibilitiesofwind-generatedelectricity.

6.Sinceherhusbanddied,she’sthrownherselfintoherwritingcareer.

Ⅳ.串記練習閱讀下面新情景,在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Whiledivinginthedeepwatersofatrench,somedivershappenedtofindawholecity1.buried(bury)beneaththewavesaswellasashipwreck,whichwasfullof2.corals(coral).Thisdiscovery3.intrigued(intrigue)somearchaeologists.Theyimmediatelythrew4.themselves(them)intostudyingthehistoryofthecityandhowitfell5.intoruin.Inthemiddleofthe6.investigation(investigate),theysuddenlyfoundsomemysteriouscreaturesswimmingaroundthem.They7.subdued(subdue)theirfearsandcontinuedtheirinvestigation.Butwiththe8.expansion(expand)ofthenumberofthesestrangecreatures,theyrealizedanotableproblem—itwasnotsafetocontinuestayinginthewater.Afterthinking9.twice(two),theydecidedtostop10.delving(delve)deeperandabandonthecityaswellastheshipandretreat.Afterall,lifeisthemostimportant.1.buryv.將……埋在下面,埋葬;埋藏;使陷入;覆蓋;隱藏佳句背誦Jennifersatonthefloor,buryingherfaceinherhands,andherbodytrembledasshesoftlybegantocry.(動作+情緒描寫)詹妮弗坐在地板上,雙手捂著臉,身體顫抖著,輕聲地開始哭泣。Youcan’tcontinuetoburyyourheadinthesand—youmustlearntofacefacts.(建議信)你再也不能逃避現實了——必須學會面對事實。buryoneselfin=beburiedinburyoneselfin=beburiedin 埋頭于;專心于buryone’sfaceinone’shands 雙手掩面[聯(lián)想]表示“專注于;致力于;埋頭于”的短語還有:beabsorbedin、concentrateon、focuson、fixone’sattentionon、bedevotedto=devoteoneselfto、occupyoneselfindoing/with=beoccupiedindoing/with。以練促學句式升級/一句多譯①Davidstillrefusedtolookatmeandhisheadwasburiedinhisarms.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)→Davidstillrefusedtolookatme,withhisheadburiedinhisarms.(with復合結構)

→Davidstillrefusedtolookatme,hisheadburiedinhisarms.(獨立主格結構)

②我每天專心讀英文報并獲得了豐富多彩的知識。(新高考Ⅰ卷)→Iburymyself/amburiedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereverydayandIhavegainedabundantknowledge.

→Buryingmyself/BuriedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereveryday,Ihavegainedabundantknowledge.(動詞-ing/-ed形式作狀語)

2.ruinn.毀壞;破產;(pl.)殘垣斷壁,廢墟v.毀壞;使破產佳句背誦Youcan’tchangethepast,butyoucanruinthepresentbyworryingaboutthefuture.你改變不了過去,但如果你憂慮未來,將會毀了現在。(主旨升華)lie/beinruinslie/beinruins 成為廢墟;遭到嚴重破壞fallintoruin (因缺乏照料而)衰落,敗落bereducedtoruins 淪為廢墟ruinone’shealth/fame/future 毀壞某人的健康/聲譽/前途以練促學單句語法填空/句式升級①Thefloodruinedcropsinthefield,andmanybuildingslayinruins.(ruin)②Thewholecityfellintoruinaftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.③Theheavyrainlastedtwoweeks,whichcompletelyruinedourholiday.→Theheavyrainlastedtwoweeks,completelyruiningourholiday.(動詞-ing形式作狀語)

3.abandonv.拋棄;離棄,逃離;放棄;中止;陷入,沉湎于(某種感情)n.放縱;放任;盡情→abandonedadj.被放棄的,被遺棄的;放縱的佳句背誦Attheparty,peoplesanganddancedwithabandon,totallyforgettingthetroublesintheirlives.(情緒描寫)聚會上,人們盡情地唱歌、跳舞,完全忘記了生活中的煩惱。abandonabandon(doing)sth 放棄(做)某事abandononeselfto(doing)sth 沉湎于(做)某事;放縱(感情)于(做)某事withabandon 縱情;放任地以練促學單句語法填空/句式升級①Istillrememberedmyfriends’promisesoIwentpasttheabandoned(abandon)milkinghousetoseeiftheyhadfixedthebrokenwindow.(2023·浙江1月卷)②Weallrespectherbecauseshealwaysabandonsherselftonewteachingmethods.(人物介紹)→Abandoningherselftonewteachingmethods,shewinsourrespect.(動詞-ing形式作狀語)

4.setout出發(fā);動身踏上(漫長的)旅途佳句背誦Whensettingoutonalongwalk,it’simportanttowearsuitableshoes.(建議信)當出發(fā)去遠足時,穿合適的鞋子很重要。Istronglyrecommendsettingdownthekeypointsinclassincaseyouforgetthem.我強烈建議在課堂上記下要點,以防你忘記。(建議信)setdownsetdown 寫下,記下setaside 留出;把……放置一旁;不理會;撤銷setoff 出發(fā);引起;使爆炸setup 建立;設置;安排setaboutdoingsth=setouttodosth 著手做某事以練促學單句語法填空/完成語段①Wesetouttopaint(paint)thewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.

=Wesetaboutpainting(paint)thewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,it’stimeforustosetoffforthefarawaythemepark.

③ItisourtraditiontosetofffireworkstocelebratetheSpringFestivalandtheLanternFestival.Besides,wewillsetasideseveraldaystovisittherelatives.

燃放煙火慶祝春節(jié)和元宵節(jié)是我們的傳統(tǒng)。此外,我們會留出幾天時間去拜訪親戚。片段鞏固用bury;ruin;abandon;setout完成“情緒描寫”片段寫作提示:被信任的人拋棄,她很迷茫→掩面?zhèn)?、悲痛欲絕,她覺得周圍的一切都被毀了→突然有了勇氣,開啟了自己的新的旅程Abandonedbythoseshetrusted,shefeltlost.Sheburiedherfaceinherhands,overcomebygrief.Shefeltasifeverythingaroundherhadbeenruined.Butthen,withasparkofcourage,shesetoutonajourneytorebuildherlifeandfindmeaningonceagain.1.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思①Iwouldnotshrinkfromdanger.It’stimetoapplythetipsIlearnedtopractice.v.退縮②Therewerestacksofbooksonthebedsidetableandfloor.n.一摞,一堆,一疊2.選出dismiss的漢語意思A.v.摒除,消除B.v.解雇,免職C.v.解散D.v.拒絕考慮①Afewofficialsweredismissedfromtheirpositionsforincompetence.B②Theprofessordismissedtheclassearlybecauseshehadameeting.C③Thesuggestionshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand.D④Dismissingherfears,sheclimbedhigher.A句型公式:leave+賓語+賓語補足語課本原句:Meanwhile,theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast,presentandfuture.同時,瑪雅文明的崛起與衰落必定也讓我們思考我們自己的過去、現在與將來。佳句背誦JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedIhadleftmybookinthecafe.就在我到達學校門口的時候,我意識到我把書忘在咖啡館里了。leave+leave+賓語+形容詞leave+賓語+where引導的地點狀語從句leave+賓語+as引導的方式狀語從句以練促學單句語法填空/單句寫作①Ifapersonisbadlyinjuredinanaccident,you’dbetterleavehimwhereheis.②Don’tleavethefacilitiesexposed(expose)tostrongsunshineforlong,whichwilldamagethem.

③Onhearingthebadnews,hehurriedhome,leavingthebooklyingopenonthetable.

一聽到這個壞消息,他就匆忙回家了,那本書還打開著放在桌子上。維度一核心知識運用1.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpanding(expand)theircookeryknowledgeandskills.(2023·全國乙卷)2.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned(abandon).(2022·全國乙卷)3.Hewalkedslowlyalongthecanal,hishandburied(bury)inhispocket.4.Theconclusionsdonotcorrespondtotheiroriginalhypotheses.5.Manypeoplebelievethatbeingwealthyisequivalenttogainingsuccess.6.Thewholecompanyisgossipingaboutthereasonforhisdismissal(dismiss).7.Asyouknow,Chinaisoneofthefourancientcivilisations(civilise)withmorethan5,000yearsofhistoryandcountlessprofound(博大精深的)cultures.8.Studentswillputonalltypesofperformances,someofwhichcanofferawindowintotraditionalChineseculture.9.AsfarasI’mconcerned,it’stimeforustosetouttosettle(settle)thedisagreement.

10.Don’tleavethewaterrunning(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.維度二單句寫作1.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,leavingthebreakfastuntouched.(leave+賓語+賓語補足語)

他起床晚了,匆匆趕到辦公室,早餐也沒動。2.Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.(動詞-ed形式作狀語)

基于這樣的認識,我們對我們的碳足跡有很好的控制和責任。3.Asscheduled,morethan200calligraphyworks,allofwhicharecollectedfrombothstudentsandteachers,willbeonshowonJune1throughJune15onthefirstfloorofthelibrary.(“代詞+介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句)

按計劃,200多幅書法作品將于6月1日至15日在圖書館一樓展出,這些作品是從學生和教師中收集而來的。4.TomasterMandarin,itissuggestedthatyou(should)practicewithChinesepeople.(名詞性從句)

為了掌握普通話,建議你和中國人一起練習。5.Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwasencouraging.(名詞性從句)

我們足球隊贏了比賽的消息令人鼓舞。維度三單元知識拾遺1.Neverretreatfromanideawithoutthinkingtwice.Ifwedo,2.ourcreativitymayshrink.Considercarefullyandunlocknewpossibilities.

不要未經深思熟慮就放棄一個想法。如果我們這樣做,我們的創(chuàng)造力可能會萎縮。仔細考慮,開啟新的可能性。Ⅰ.話題下的應用文專練(說明文——神秘生物大腳怪)你校英文報上周組織了世界神秘動物的調查活動。請你結合調查結果寫一篇英語短文,內容包括:(1)調查的神秘動物;(2)描述神秘動物。根據提示,利用本單元所學知識完成應用文寫作第一步字斟句酌優(yōu)化表達①大腳怪是世界著名的神秘生物之一,引起了許多專家去探索它的存在。(intrigue,delve)TheBigfoot,oneoftheworld-famousmysteriouscreatures,intriguedmanyexpertstodelveintoitsexistence.

②值得注意的是,它身高6~10英尺,體重超過500磅,身上覆蓋著棕色或紅色的皮毛,還有大眼睛。(notable)Itwasnotablethatitwas6-10feettall,weighingover500poundsandwascoveredbybrownorredfurwithlargeeyes.

③科學家和研究人員團隊投入到調查中,并發(fā)現了與之相關的東西,如糞便(faeces)、皮毛等。(throwoneselfinto,investigation)Teamsofscientistsandresearchersthrewthemselvesintomakinganinvestigationandhavefoundthingsrelatedtoit,suchasfaeces,furandsoon.

④到目前為止,還沒有其他證據證明它的存在。Sofartherehasbeennootherevidencetoproveitsexistence.

第二步恰當過渡完美成文(使用恰當的過渡銜接詞連句成篇)TheBigfoot,oneoftheworld-famousmysteriouscreatures,intriguedmanyexpertstodelveintoitsexistence.Itwasnotablethatitwas6-10feettall,weighingover500poundsandwascoveredbybrownorredfurwithlargeeyes.Teamsofscientistsandresearchersthrewthemselvesintomakinganinvestigationandhavefoundthingsrelatedtoit,suchasfaeces,furandsoon.However,sofartherehasbeennootherevidencetoproveitsexistence.Ⅱ.話題下的續(xù)寫能力提升(根據提示續(xù)寫2場景)場景導語:“我”想要為父親制作特殊的一餐——自制面包→計劃宣告失敗,“我”把酵母面團丟進了垃圾桶,以免父親知道后笑話“我”→酵母面團在陽光下持續(xù)發(fā)酵,表面震動和“呼吸”的模樣像極了垃圾桶里有活物→父親在吃飯時一直惴惴不安,三番五次想要探尋究竟→“我”不得不解釋原因,場面有些尷尬……場景續(xù)寫1:爸爸輕拍“我”的肩膀,“我們”走了進去→爸爸不再提面團,通過聊最近的工作來緩解尷尬→教導鼓勵并告訴“我”如何做成面包→制作成功Mydadtappedmegentlyontheshoulder,andwewentinside.SittingbacktoourCornishchicken,Dad,smilingly,updatedmeonrecenteventsathisworkwithoutamerementionofthecrazydoughwildlydancingoutside,whichservedwonderfullyasagentleembarrassmentreliever.However,whiledoingthedishesafterdinner,Dadsaidtomewithfirmnessinhisvoice,“Youdon’thavetobeanexperttomakebread,butyoudohavetodoyourresearchbeforetakingactions.Thereisnosuchthingasaneasywayout.”Andthatwasthestartingpointofmyjourneywithmakingtheperfectbread.

場景續(xù)寫2:聚會上,每個人都想嘗嘗“我”的面包→體會成功做好面包的過程→探索過程的感悟和經驗Atapartythreemonthslater,everyonewantedtotrymybread.Therestofthenightslippedaway,filledwithinquiriesaboutmysecretrecipe.Yet,hardlywasthereadifferentanswerotherthan,“Beautycomesfrombalanceandpatience.”Tobefrank,thatwasexactlywhatI’dlearntduringmynumerousexperiments.Anamazingloafofbreadrequiredsuitablebalanceofingredientstomixaswellasenormouspatienceofwaitingforthedoughtorise.Countlessweremyfailurestomaketastybread,everysinglemomentofitwascherished.Alongthejourney,I’vedevelopedfromthemanwhosedoughsighsinadustbintothemanwhosebreadmakesyourtastebudsdance.

課時作業(yè)Ⅰ.閱讀理解Humanhistoryisfullofhorsestorieslikeguidingcowboyshomeonfoggynightsandtakingwoundedsoldiersthroughbattlezones.SuchsensibleandhighlytrainedhorsesmadeElinaJatel,acomputerscientistandroboticist,thinkofrobots.“Ahorsethatcantakeariderhomeonitsownwouldbethehighestlevelofautonomy,”Jatelsays.“Youtrustthemwithyourlife.”Shewasdrawntolearninghowsuchrelationshipsformandifitcouldhelpimprovehuman-robotinteractions.Forayear,Jatelengagedherselfinthehorseworld.Shewatchedclassesinhorsetraining,andshealsotalkedwithstudents,instructors,trainersandhorseowners.Alongtheway,Jatelevenlearnedtoride.Horseslearnsignalsfromtheirtrainersonhowtocomfortablyinteractwithpeople.People,too,mustlearntheirpart.Ridersmustlearnwhatahorsewantsorhowitfeelsbasedonitsbehavior,andwhatsignalstousetodirecthorsestoperformindesiredways.Jatelfoundsomesimilarities,here,toworkingwithrobots.Peoplemustlearnhowtodirectrobotstodospecifictasks.Theyalsomustlearnwhattodowhenrobotsdon’tperformasplanned.Thegoalistoprogramrobotsthatwillrespondpredictablytoinputsfrompeople.Butlikehorses,autonomousrobotsalsoshouldbeabletorespondontheirownasconditionschange.Forexample,aself-drivingcarmuststoptoavoidhittingsomething,evenifsomehumanmistakenlytellsittokeepgoing.Trainersandridersworkwithhorsestobuildrespect.Horsesshowthatrespectbymatchingtheirpacetoahumanorgivingsomeonewhoisleadingthemasafedegreeofpersonalspace.Trainersbegintheirworkwithahorsebygettingthemtoshowsignsofrespectinbasicinteractions,Jatelsays.Later,trainerswilldevelopmorecomplexinteractions.Gradually,ahorse’srespectcangrowintotrust.Butthattrustisnotgiven.Andtheremaybeasimilarlimitationwithrobots.Whatwoulditmeanforrobotsandpeopletorespectandtrusteachother?Fornow,sheadds,thisislargelyunchartedterritory.Butshe’slookingtobuildapath.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。機器人專家埃琳娜·賈特爾從馬與人的關系中獲得研發(fā)自主機器人的靈感。文章主要介紹了其靈感來源以及未來的重點研究方向。1.WhatdrewElinaJatel’sattentiontohorses?A.Horses’amazingperformance.B.Longhistoryofhorsetraining.C.Horse-humaninterdependence.D.Herhorse-ridingexperience.答案A[細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中的“Suchsensibleandhighly...helpimprovehuman-robotinteractions.”可知,這些有判斷力且訓練有素的馬讓計算機科學家和機器人專家埃琳娜·賈特爾想到了機器人。一匹馬可以自己帶騎手回家,這就是最高級別的自主性,她很想了解這種關系是如何形成的,以及它是否有助于改善人機互動。由此可知,馬的驚人表現吸引了埃琳娜·賈特爾對馬的注意。故選A。]2.Whataretherobotsofthehighestautonomydesignedtodo?A.Toactlikerealhorses.B.Toshowrespectforhumans.C.Tofollowinstructionsfromhumans.D.Tomakeindependentandsensibledecisions.答案D[細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“Thegoalisto...asconditionschange.”可知,其目標是編程機器人,使其能夠對人類的輸入做出可預測的反應。但像馬一樣,自主機器人也應該能夠在條件變化時自行做出反應。下文關于自動駕駛汽車的例子也說明了這一點。由此可知,最高自主的機器人被設計做出獨立而明智的決定。]3.WhatwillJatel’sfutureresearchmostprobablyfocuson?A.Thelimitationsofrobots.B.Trustbetweenrobotsandhumans.C.Thepathtowardhigherrobotefficiency.D.Similaritiesbetweenhorsesandrobots.答案B[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Whatwoulditmeanfor...lookingtobuildapath.”(機器人和人類相互尊重和信任意味著什么?她認為目前這在很大程度上是一個未知領域,她想要開辟一條道路)可知,賈特爾未來的研究重點是機器人和人類之間的信任。故選B。]4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HistoryofHuman-HorseRelationshipB.SecretsofHuman-AnimalInteractionsC.TheRoleofTrustinHuman-RobotPartnershipsD.HorsesastheInspirationforAutonomousRobots答案D[標題歸納題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段中的“SuchsensibleandhighlytrainedhorsesmadeElinaJatel,acomputerscientistandroboticist,thinkofrobots.”可知,機器人專家從馬與人類的關系中得到研發(fā)自主機器人的靈感,接下來重點介紹了其靈感來源以及未來的研究重點等。由此可知,D項“馬作為自主機器人的靈感來源”最適合作文章標題。故選D。]Humanshavesailedtheoceans’surfacesformillennia,buttheirdepthsremaineffectivelyuncharted.Onlyaboutaquarteroftheseafloorhasbeenmappedathighresolution.Mapsofmostregionsdisplayonlyapproximatedepthsandoftenmissentireunderwatermountainsorcanyons(峽谷).Soresearchershaveintroducedsomedeep-divingexperts:ElephantSeals.ScientistshavebeenplacingtrackersonthemaroundAntarcticaforyears,gatheringdataonoceantemperature.Foranewstudy,theresearcherscomparedthesedivers’locationanddepthdatawithsomeofthelessdetailedseafloormaps.Theyspottedplaceswherethesealsdovedeeperthanshouldhavebeenpossibleaccordingtothemaps—meaningtheexistingdepthestimateswereinaccurate.IneasternAntarctica’sVincennesBay,thedivingsealshelpedthescientistsfindalarge,hiddenunderwatercanyonofmorethanamileindepth.AnAustralianresearchshipcalledtheRSVNuyinalatermeasuredthecanyon’sexactdepthusingsonar(聲納),andtheresearchershaveproposednamingtheirfindtheMirounga-NuyinaCanyon—honoringboththeshipandtheinvolvedElephantSeals,genusMirounga.Butsealscan’tcharttheentireoceanfloor.Thetrackersusedinthestudycouldpinpointaseal’sgeographicallocationonlywithinabout1.5miles,whichallowsforusefulbutnotexactlyhigh-resolutiondata.Plus,becausethesealsdon’talwaysdivetothebottomoftheocean,theycanrevealonlywherethebottomisdeeperthaninexistingmaps—notshallower.Deep-searesearchexpertssuggestimprovingonthesedatabyusingmoreprecisetrackingdevicesandanalyzingtheseals’divingpatternstodeterminewhethertheyhavereachedtheseafloororsimplystoppedgoingdown.Thepotentialuseofthecurrentseal-divedataistogatherinformationaboutthedeepoceanaroundAntarctica,specificallyregardingthelocationanddepthofseafloorcanyons.ThisdatacanbevaluableforpredictinghowAntarctica’sicewillmelt.Byunderstandingthepresenceandcharacteristicsofthesecanyons,scientistscanbetterassesshowwarmerwaterfromthedeepoceanflowstowardstheicealongthecontinent’scoast.ThisknowledgeiscrucialforaccuratelymodelingandpredictingthefuturebehaviorofAntarctica’sicesheetsandtheircontributiontothesealevelrise.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。裝備有跟蹤器的象海豹協(xié)助研究人員繪制未被探索的海洋深處,揭示南極洲的Mirounga-Nuyina峽谷等的隱藏特征。盡管存在局限性,它們的數據加強了對南極冰蓋融化和海平面上升預測的理解。5.Howdidtheresearchersfindoutthedepthinaccuracies?A.Bygatheringtemperaturedata.B.Withthehelpofseals’diving.C.Byimprovingresolutionofmaps.D.Withthetrackersplacedoncanyons.答案B[細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“theresearcherscomparedthesedivers’locationanddepthdata...sealsdovedeeper...meaningtheexistingdepthestimateswereinaccurate”可知,研究人員將這些潛水海豹的位置和深度數據與一些不太詳細的海底地圖進行了比較,他們發(fā)現海豹潛入的深度超出了地圖上應有的深度。這意味著現有的深度估計是不準確的。故選B。]6.WhyisthediscoveryofMirounga-NuyinaCanyonmentioned?A.Toprovidemorereferencedata.B.Tointroduceanewtopic.C.Togivesupportingevidence.D.Tomakeacomparison.答案C[寫作意圖題。結合第二段最后一句可知,研究人員發(fā)現現有的深度估計不準確;通讀第三段可知,該段通過Mirounga-NuyinaCanyon的具體例子來進一步佐證這一發(fā)現。故選C。]7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Researcherscanassessoceanfeatures.B.Datacanbeusedtotrackicelocation.C.Underwaterflowcanbecontrolled.D.Scientistscanmonitoricemelting.答案D[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Byunderstandingthepresence...contributiontothesealevelrise”可知,通過了解這些峽谷的存在和特征,科學家可以更好地評估來自深海的溫暖海水如何流向大陸沿岸的冰層。這些知識對于準確建模和預測南極洲冰蓋的未來行為及其對海平面上升的貢獻至關重要。由此推斷,科學家通過了解這些峽谷的存在和特征可以監(jiān)測冰的融化。故選D。]8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Sealsassistscientistsinchartingoceanfloor.B.Sealsadvancetrackingdevices’precision.C.Scientistsdrawinspirationfromseals.D.Scientistsuncoverseals’divingpatterns.答案A[文章大意題。根據全文內容可知,本文主要介紹了裝備有跟蹤器的象海豹協(xié)助研究人員繪制未被探索的海洋深處,揭示南極洲的Mirounga-Nuyina峽谷等的隱藏特征,繼而助力科學家預測氣候變化。故選A。]Aninnovativecreationwillhelptransformtreatingdiseases.ScientistsatTuftsUniversityandHarvardUniversity’sWyssInstitutedevelopedtinybiologicalrobots“Anthrobots”fromhumancells.TheseAnthrobotspossesstheastonishingabilitytomoveacrosssurfacesandhaveexhibitedaremarkablehealing(治愈)effectbystimulatingneuron(神經元)growthindamagedlabdishregions.Thisdiscoveryservesasacrucialsteppingstonetowardtheresearchers’visionofemployingbiologicalrobotsasinnovativetoolsforhealing,anddiseasetreatment.ThisbreakthroughoriginatesfromearlierresearchconductedbyMichaelLevin,ProfessorofBiologyatTuftsUniversitySchoolofArts&Sciences,andJoshBongardattheUniversityofVermont.TheyoncecreatedbiologicalrobotscalledXenobotsfromfrogcells,capableofvariousfunctionsincludingself-copying,foralimitednumberofcycles.However,itwasunclearifbiologicalrobotscouldbeformedusingcellsfromotherspecies.Intheirlateststudy,LevinandTuftsPhDstudentGizemGumuskayadiscoveredthatAnthrobotscanindeedbecraftedfromadulthumancells,withcapabilitiesoutperformingthoseobservedinXenobots.Anthrobotsshowedtheabilitytomoveacrossasurfacecoveredinhumanneuronsgrowninalabdish,facilitatingnewgrowthtofillgapscausedbycelllayerdamage.“Itisextremelyinterestingandcompletelyunexpectedthatnormalpatients’cells,withoutchangingtheirDNA,canmoveontheirownandencourageneurongrowthacrossaregionofdamage.We’renowlookingathowthehealingmechanismworks,andaskingwhatelsetheseconstructscando,”saysLevin.Oneofthemainadvantagesofusinghumancellsliesinconstructingbiologicalrobotsfromapatient’scellstoperformhealingtaskswithoutleadingtoimmune(免疫的)responses.TheseAnthrobotsnaturallybreakdownafterafewweeksandcanbeeasilyabsorbedintothebodyoncetheirfunctioniscomplete.Anthrobotscanonlysurviveunderspecificlaboratoryconditions,posingnoriskofexposureorunintendedspreadoutsidethecontrolledenvironment.Theydonotreproduce,havenogeneticchanges,andthereforecarrynoriskofdevelopingbeyondsafetymeasures.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文?？茖W家利用人類細胞研發(fā)出微型生物機器人,這有別于先前的“青蛙細胞生物機器人”。它展現出很多優(yōu)點,優(yōu)越于“青蛙細胞生物機器人”,且該機器人只能在特定的實驗室條件下生存,不會引發(fā)其他風險。9.WhatdoAnthrobotsdoinhealingpatients?A.Replacehumancells.B.Facilitateneurongrowth.C.Createnewhumancells.D.Moveacrosstissuesurfaces.答案B[細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中的“haveexhibitedaremarkablehealing(治愈)effectbystimulatingneuron(神經元)growthindamagedlabdishregions”可知,該人類細胞生物機器人通過刺激病灶區(qū)神經元的生長展現出驚人的治愈效果。由此可知,該微型機器人在治愈病人方面是通過促進神經元生長的方式來完成的。故選B項。]10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crafted”inparagraph3mean?A.Made. B.Divided.C.Copied. D.Designed.答案A[詞義猜測題。根據第一段第二句可知,Anthrobots可以從人類細胞中研制出來。第三段內容肯定了第一段第二句說明的事實,即“Anthrobots確實可以從人類細胞中研制出來”。make制造;divide分開,分散;copy復制;design設計。畫線詞與make的含義最接近。故選A項。]11.WhatisoneofthemainadvantagesofAnthrobots?A.Theycanbeeasilycreatedfrompatients’cells.B.Theycanbeusedinmanycontrolledenvironments.C.Theycanavoidcausingimmuneresponses.D.Theycanhavegeneticchangeswhennecessary.答案C[細節(jié)理解題。根據第六段中的“Oneofthemainadvantagesof...toimmune.(免疫的)responses.”可知,這種從病人的細胞中構建的微型生物機器人執(zhí)行愈合任務,不會導致免疫反應。故選C項。]12.Whichmagazineisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.AdvancedScience. B.SportsnetMagazine.C.ArtinAmerica. D.NationalGeographic.答案A[文章出處題。本文主要講述科學家從人類細胞中構建了微型生物機器人,這種機器人優(yōu)于先前的“青蛙細胞生物機器人”。由此可推知,本文最有可能摘自《前沿科學》雜志。故選A項。]Ⅱ.七選五Whiletechnologyaddictsteenstotheirdevices,theyarenothelple