專題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)(一)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練1細(xì)節(jié)理解題(Ⅰ)(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第135頁(yè))A【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：】(2017·浙江名校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考二)Theword“social”meansrelatingorganization.Thesorganization.Thespecialtypeofsciencethatstudieshowhumanbeingsinteract(互動(dòng))witheachotheriscalled“sociology”．Sociologistshavelookedcloselyatmankind'sdesiretobepartofdifferentgroupsandcallthis“groupbehavior”．primitive.Backelievethatgroupbehaviorbeganinmankindalongtimeagowhenmanwasmoreprimitive.Backthen，peopledidnothavebighomesmaanimals.Peopleorbricktoprotectthemfromdangerousanimals.Peoplesleptincavesandwereoutintmore.Theyliving.Asdayalotmore.Theywouldlookallaroundforfoodsothatthespeciescouldcontinueliving.Astimewenton，peoplebegantoseethebegroup.Theybeingpartofagroup.Theycouldfindmorefoodandwouldbeabletomoreeffectivelybattleanimals.Biggeranimals.Biggerquantitiesoffoodandabettersenseofsafetyhelpedhumanssurviveandprosper.Groupbehavioralsoincludesthecreationof“norms”and“values”．Normsareexamplesofwhatagroupnormallydoesoveraperiodoftime.Membersofagroupmightallwakeupatthesametimeandbegintocarryouttheirvariousdutiesduringtheday，andrepeatthosesameactivitiesdayafterday.Valuesareasummaryofwhatthegroup'sgoalsmightbeorageneralideaofwhatisacceptablebehavior.Somegroupsmightstronglybelieveinhonestyanddislikethefts.Thereareactuallysomenegativethingsthatcanealongwithgroupbehavior.Fromtimetotime，ifapersonisnotacceptedwithinagroup，hemightfeelrejectedandsaddened.Othertimes，agroupmightfinditselffightinga“monenemy”，anothergroupthatisdislikedasawholebecauseitmayhavedifferentnormsorvalues.Groupbehavioralsomakesitmorelikelythatallofthemembersofagroupwillbelievesomethingjustbecauseonemembersaysso，evenifitisnottrueorfavorable.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，闡述了社會(huì)群體行為(groupbehavior)的形成以及它帶來(lái)的正面和負(fù)面影響。1．Whatis“groupbehavior”？A．Mankind'sdesiretostudysociology.B．Mankind'sdesiretoformfriendshipwithothers.C．Mankind'sdesiretohuntforfoodsuccessfully.D．Mankind'sdesiretobepartofdifferentgroups.D[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sociologistshavelookedcloselyatmankind'sdesiretobepartofdifferentgroupsandcallthis‘groupbehavior’”可知，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。]2．Whatcausedpeopletobeepartofagroupalongtimeago?A．Peoplewantedtomakemorefriendswithothers.B．Peoplewantedtobeabletobettersurviveandsucceed.C．Peoplewantedtohavebigconcreteorbrickhomes.D．Peoplewantedtokilllargeranimalsforfood.B[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Astimewenton，peoplebegantoseethebenefitsofbeingpartofagroup...andabettersenseofsafetyhelpedhumanssurviveandprosper”可知，群體生活使人們更好地生存下來(lái)，戰(zhàn)勝危險(xiǎn)動(dòng)物。故選B項(xiàng)。]3．Basedonthepassage，whatmighttheidentityofagroupbebasedon?A．Thegroup'svalues.B．Thegroup'slocation.C．Thegroup'smonenemy.D．Thegroup'ssize.A[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Valuesareasummaryofwhatthegroup'sgoalsmightbeorageneralideaofwhatisacceptablebehavior”可知，群體行為的特征是以價(jià)值觀為依據(jù)的。故選A項(xiàng)。]B(2017·浙江金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考一)IreadthesamenovelinpaperbackandontheiPad.OnethingIloveaboute-booksontheiPadisthein-textdictionarylook-upfeature.ThisissomethingtheiPadwillalwayshaveasanadvantageovertraditionalpaperbacks.IsometimeseacrossawordIdon'tknowwhilereading.It'smuchhandiertobeabletolookupthewordonthesamescreenasthetextthantohavetograbadictionaryormyiPhonetolookitupwhileIamreadingapaperback.However，whenitestoactuallyreadingthebook，theiPad'sadvantagesasamediumforreadingbegintopale.TheiPadisrelativelyheavyinmyhandsandtheswipingandtappingtoturnapagesoonbeeboring.AnotherbigissueIhavewiththeiPadisthatIalwaysfindmyselftryingtogetawaytocheckane-mail，exploretheweb，orlookforanotherbookontheiBookstore.LivinginLondon，asmostpeopledo，Itakethetube，orthesubway.ForgetaboutrestingyouriPadonyourlaptoread,becauseyourkneesgetbumpedtoomuchfromconstantflowofpeopleenteringandleavingthetrain.Youronlyoptionisto“seize”youriPadinyourhands.ThisiswhereahugedrawbackoftheiPadbeesapparent.WhenIreadapaperbackonthesubway，notoncewillIworryaboutmypaperback.A$7paperbackbookisaprettylowtargetforathief.A$500iPad，ontheotherhand，isaprimetheftmaterial.Thereadingexperiencegoesdowndramaticallywhenyouhavetokeepaneyeonthepeoplewalkingpastyou.Afterfinishingmyreadingofthenovelonbothmediums—theiPadandthepaperback—IammoreconvincedthaneverthattheiPadanditsiBookstorewillnotreplacetraditionalprinteditions.UnlikeMP3sthatreplacedCDs，theoriginalmediumforthenovelisstillthesuperioroneinbothformandfunctions.IuseiBookstorenowtobrowseforbooksandusethe“GetSample”featuretoexplorethefirstfewchapters.IfIlikewhatIread，I'llpurchasetheprinteditionfromAmazonoratmylocalbookseller.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，作者通過(guò)自己的經(jīng)歷告訴我們平裝書(shū)不會(huì)被電子書(shū)所取代的原因。4．WhichofthefollowingistheadvantageofreadingontheiPad?A.YoucanrefertoadictionarybyiPhoneorontheInternet.B．Byparison，theiPadisheavierthanapaperbackbook.C．Thebuilt-indictionarymakeslookingupwordsconvenient.D．AniPadissopreciousthatitisaperfecttargetforthieves.C[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“It'smuchhandiertobeabletolookuptheword...readingapaperback”可知，iPad里面內(nèi)置的字典，可以方便讀者查閱生詞。]5．Thewriterpreferstoreadapaperbackbookmainlybecauseitoffers．A．a(chǎn)replacementoftheiPadB．betterexperiencesandfunctionsC．the“GetSample”featureD．a(chǎn)greatersenseofbelongingB[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后兩段中的“Thereadingexperiencegoesdown...pastyou”和“UnlikeMP3sthatreplaced...formandfunctions”可知，平裝書(shū)相對(duì)于電子書(shū)來(lái)說(shuō)有自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，它給讀者提供更好的閱讀體驗(yàn)和功能。]6．Accordingtothetext，thewritermayfindiBookstore．A．traditional B．a(chǎn)nnoyingC．disgusting D．helpfulD[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)全文尤其是最后一段中的“IuseiBookstorenowtobrowseforbooks...fewchapters”可知，作者用iBookstore來(lái)瀏覽一些書(shū)，故它對(duì)閱讀體驗(yàn)是很有幫助的。]C【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：】Likepeople，plantsexperiencestress.Andalso，likepeople，theresponsetothatstresscandeterminesuccess.Badenvironmentalconditions，suchasdrought，flood，heatandotherstresses，affectyields(產(chǎn)量)morethancroppestsanddiseases.Wearetryingtofindawaytoequipplantswiththeabilitytotolerateenvironmentalstressandmaintainhighyields，saidStephenHowell，aprofessorofgeneticsandcellbiology.Plantcellsproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))andshipthemtodifferentpartsofthecell.Undernormalconditions，theseproteinsarefoldedintotheirnormal，healthystructuresastheyareproduced.Whenaplantisunderstress，itscellsproducepoorlyfoldedorunfoldedproteins.Thenabuilt-insystemsensesthisand“setsoffanalarminthecell，”saidHowell.Inresponsetothealarm，anotherprotein(IRE1)startsworkingandcreatesadifferentprocesswhichactivates(激活)thestressresponsegeneswhoseproductsbringaboutdefensivemeasuresthathelptheplantsurvive.“Asitturnsout，responsesthatareactivatedunderstressconditionsactuallyinhibitthegrowthofplants，”saidHowell.“Thisallowsthemtopreservetheirenergytosurvivethestressconditions.”Forplantsinthewild，thisresponseisahelpforsurvival，hesaid.Inproductionofagriculturecrops，however，thisresponsereducesyields.“Youdon'twantcropplantstostopgrowing，”Howellsaid.“Youwantthemtocontinuetogrowandproduceeventhoughtheyareunderstress.”Withthenewunderstandingofthisstressresponse，thenextstepmaybetosilencethealarmsystem，saidHowell.“Whatmaybeimportantistodisablesomeofthesestressresponses.Thatmaymaketheplantmoreproductiveunderstressconditions.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。植物像人一樣，也有壓力，而它們對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng)能決定高產(chǎn)與否。Howell打算通過(guò)使植物中的“警報(bào)”停止工作來(lái)使作物保持高產(chǎn)量。7．Accordingtothetext，analarmintheplantcellsiscausedby．A．thefoldedproteinsB．thechangedproteinsC．thedefensivemeasuresD．thestressresponsegenesB[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Whenaplantisunderstress，itscellsproducepoorlyfoldedorunfoldedproteins.Thenabuilt-insystemsensesthisand‘setsoffanalarminthecell，’saidHowell.”可知植物細(xì)胞里的警報(bào)裝置是由蛋白質(zhì)的變化導(dǎo)致的。]8．Theenergypreservedintheplantsunderstressconditions．A．helpstheplantstosurviveB．helpstomaintainhighyieldsC．keepstheplant