專題十四專題十四閱讀閱讀理解考向預(yù)測(cè)考向預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)測(cè)一高考閱讀理解所選材料通常都是國(guó)外網(wǎng)站上的地道的英語(yǔ)文章，然后經(jīng)過(guò)命題專家整合、改編而成。文章主要介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外的文化風(fēng)俗、歷史名勝、人文地理、著名人物等。預(yù)測(cè)二文章的篇幅較短，詞數(shù)多為280～330，兼顧多種體裁，通常有記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等，要求考生充分利用所給信息，回答文章提出的問(wèn)題。通常文章難度不大，關(guān)鍵是考查考生高效處理信息的能力，還要求考生對(duì)文章有更深層次的理解。但是題目并不容易，很容易出錯(cuò)。全國(guó)卷的命題逐漸向地方自主命題卷，尤其是新課標(biāo)地區(qū)的試卷看齊，不斷增加詞匯量和文章長(zhǎng)度，向新課標(biāo)過(guò)渡。預(yù)測(cè)三題目設(shè)置靈活多樣，通常以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔，兼顧猜測(cè)詞義、句意題及目的意圖題和主旨大意題。這種命題特點(diǎn)要求考生更好地了解文章中的有用信息，提高閱讀速度?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)定位和答題技巧高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱明確規(guī)定“側(cè)重提高閱讀能力”，這為我們的備考指明了方向。閱讀理解能力屬于語(yǔ)言的領(lǐng)會(huì)技能，它不僅考查對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、準(zhǔn)確理解特定細(xì)節(jié)以及復(fù)雜句子的能力。不僅要準(zhǔn)確理解文章表層的意思，還要通過(guò)表層去推理、判斷。除此之外，還涉及非語(yǔ)言因素，如：對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)言國(guó)家的社會(huì)和文化背景知識(shí)的掌握、生活常識(shí)、邏輯知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言修養(yǎng)等?？键c(diǎn)1主旨大意題1.主旨大意題常分為兩類：(1)選出文章最佳標(biāo)題；(2)概括文章或段落大意。2.主旨大意題主要考查對(duì)文章進(jìn)行概括或總結(jié)的能力，它要求在閱讀短文時(shí)，能夠提煉文章的中心思想，體會(huì)作者的寫作意圖，充分運(yùn)用邏輯概括能力，透過(guò)字里行間獲取文章最具代表性的觀點(diǎn)、論點(diǎn)及作者的情感傾向。研讀近幾年高考閱讀理解，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)主旨大意類的考查占有相當(dāng)重要的地位?！敬痤}技巧】主旨大意題的三種思路：①尋找主題句，確定文章大意。在許多情況下，尤其是在閱讀說(shuō)明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過(guò)尋找短文的主題句來(lái)歸納出文章的主題。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開(kāi)頭、中間、結(jié)尾(或在開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句)，因此，仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨概括類試題多采用瀏覽法，即瀏覽文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重點(diǎn)搜索主題信息。②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。尋找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在尋找各段落中心句的基礎(chǔ)上。各段落中心句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，不能僅依據(jù)只言片語(yǔ)或某一段落，而應(yīng)該觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章濃墨重筆的“重心”，考慮文章的材料及支撐性細(xì)節(jié)是服務(wù)于什么，分析故事情節(jié)圍繞什么發(fā)展，最后用簡(jiǎn)明扼要的文字將文章的中心思想表達(dá)出來(lái)。③抓住文章主線和關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，歸納文章中心。不是所有的段落都有主題句，有時(shí)主題句隱含在段落中。閱讀這樣的文章，就需要自己根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)分析，繼而概括出段落的主題，推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題?？键c(diǎn)2細(xì)節(jié)理解題1.此類題型一般分兩種情況；直接事實(shí)題(在原文中可直接找到答案，常見(jiàn)的類型有對(duì)號(hào)入座題、是非判斷題、語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題、表格理解題等)以及間接事實(shí)題(需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)意上的轉(zhuǎn)換)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。有些問(wèn)題，考生可以直接從文中找到明確的答案，但有些則需要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行處理，如計(jì)算、排序、判斷、比較等?！敬痤}技巧】做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題最基本也最常用的方法是題干定位法。一般在原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可確定答案。此類題通常用一些疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)提問(wèn)，或是判斷正誤。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的三個(gè)步驟：①瀏覽全文，了解信息?？焖偻ㄗx全文，大致了解不同信息間的差異，為解決問(wèn)題做好信息儲(chǔ)備。②抓關(guān)鍵詞，快速尋讀。根據(jù)題目要求，從題干中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)，以此為線索，通過(guò)略讀和尋讀的方法快速而準(zhǔn)確地在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的信息，找到后仔細(xì)閱讀，反復(fù)品味，認(rèn)真比較選項(xiàng)和文中細(xì)節(jié)，在準(zhǔn)確理解該細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，排除干擾項(xiàng)，從而確定答案。③回讀信息，驗(yàn)證答案。確定答案后，必須回讀原文，再一次根據(jù)原文中的信息對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。總之，對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)理解題，我們要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀、查讀等技巧，在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句，仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較，確定答案?？键c(diǎn)3詞義猜測(cè)題1．詞義猜測(cè)題的常見(jiàn)形式：(1)直接對(duì)某個(gè)陌生的詞匯進(jìn)行理解；(2)對(duì)文中的某個(gè)代詞確認(rèn)指代的對(duì)象；(3)對(duì)多義詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行文中含義的精確定義；(4)對(duì)英語(yǔ)中特有的表達(dá)、格言、諺語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行直接的或解釋性的描述。2．詞義猜測(cè)題是從特定的角度考查考生的閱讀理解和處理生詞的能力，它包括對(duì)詞、詞組和句意的理解。詞義猜測(cè)不僅是一項(xiàng)閱讀技巧，也是高考閱讀能力考查的一個(gè)方面?！敬痤}技巧】詞義猜測(cè)題的三大突破1．根據(jù)定義猜測(cè)詞義。如果生詞由定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)(同位語(yǔ)前常有or，similarly，thatistosay，inratherwords，namely，orrather，say等)或同位語(yǔ)從句來(lái)定義，或使用破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、分號(hào)后的內(nèi)容或引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容加以解釋，理解這些定義或解釋就是在理解詞義。2．根據(jù)對(duì)比、比較關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。在一個(gè)句子或段落中如有對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或兩種現(xiàn)象的對(duì)比性描述，我們可以從生詞的對(duì)立面猜測(cè)其詞義。表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，inspiteof，incontrast等。表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的句子結(jié)構(gòu)有：while引導(dǎo)的并列句。表示比較關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)主要有：similarly，like，justas，also，aswellas等。3．通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。生詞的前綴、后綴、復(fù)合詞的各部分，詞性的變化都可以暗示出詞義。注意①不管這個(gè)詞多超綱，根據(jù)上下文都能得出其意思；②不管這個(gè)詞多熟悉，都要通過(guò)上下文得出其在特定場(chǎng)合的意思。考點(diǎn)4推理判斷題1．推理判斷題的考查形式通常為：推斷隱含含義；推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；推斷寫作目的和意圖；推斷文章的出處；推斷文章中人物的性格態(tài)度等。2．推理判斷題主要考查考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷的能力?！敬痤}技巧】推理判斷題的五大技巧：1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，如關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。2．整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推斷。做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的信息，綜合推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。3．利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行推斷。幾乎每篇文章的語(yǔ)境都有一定的褒貶性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好這一點(diǎn)，就能在把握主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。4．根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度。作者的思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。5．根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。考點(diǎn)5篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題解答此類題目首先要了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，從段落組織方式上看，有三種形式：總分式結(jié)構(gòu)(總→分→總；總→分；分→總)、并列式結(jié)構(gòu)(段落之間是平行關(guān)系，并且相對(duì)獨(dú)立)、對(duì)照式結(jié)構(gòu)(結(jié)構(gòu)形式是一正一反)。要想準(zhǔn)確深刻地理解一篇文章，必須對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握文章的脈搏，特別是把握段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后分析作者采用了什么論證手段證明主題，從而正確解答試題。近幾年還有些試題考查全文或某一段落是以什么樣的形式展開(kāi)論述的，一般來(lái)說(shuō)有的按事情發(fā)展的順序，有的按時(shí)間的先后順序，有的按人物的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，還有的按地點(diǎn)或空間的位置變換，閱讀時(shí)要特別注意。（（60分鐘）限時(shí)訓(xùn)練A【2017·新課標(biāo)IIIB篇】MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater’s75yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding’send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithtearyeyedaudiencewantingtosaygoodbetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatopete.Headdedthatthetheater’slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.ThetheateraudiencesaidgoodbyasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhasshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.24.Inwhatwaywasyesterday’scleanupatthePlazaspecial?A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.25.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?A.Itwasanalltimeclassic. B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C.Theaudiencerequestedit. D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.26.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?A.Itwillberepaired. B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C.Itwillbeknockeddown. D.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.27.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford. B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials. D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.【答案】24.B25.D25.D26.C【解題思路】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一家具有75年歷史的劇院因?yàn)椴焕牡乩砦恢煤同F(xiàn)代劇院的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而面臨著不得不關(guān)門，轉(zhuǎn)手出售的故事。24．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段第三、四句可知，這次散場(chǎng)后的清理工作與之前不同的是工人不僅清理走垃圾，而且還挪走了座椅和其他劇院的設(shè)備，為了劇院的轉(zhuǎn)賣和拆遷。25.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，劇院老板選擇這部戲劇的原因是因?yàn)檫@部劇本身講述的就是小鎮(zhèn)上唯一的電影院準(zhǔn)備關(guān)門停業(yè)的故事，恰好能反映出thePlazaTheater的現(xiàn)狀。26.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段末句“whichplanstobuildashoppingplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.”可以推斷這個(gè)劇院將被拆除，取而代之的是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的購(gòu)物中心。27.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithtearyeyedaudiencewantingtosaygoodbyetotheoldbuilding.”可知，人們非常難過(guò)，不愿意看到老劇院被拆掉B【2017·北京卷A篇】ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,EighthgraderTaylorBisbeeshivered(發(fā)抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn’tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris’seyerolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”CPRisalifesavingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamagingquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR,“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris’heartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.【答案】56.B57.C58.B【解題思路】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了壘球隊(duì)一名女孩Paris在打球的過(guò)程中突發(fā)心力衰竭，隊(duì)友Taylor緊急對(duì)Paris進(jìn)行了心肺復(fù)蘇，送往醫(yī)院后她恢復(fù)了心跳的故事，旨在說(shuō)明面臨心力衰竭時(shí)，保持冷靜并進(jìn)行緊急心肺復(fù)蘇的重要性。56．根據(jù)第三段第一行，“Itcertainlywas。Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure?！笨芍琍aris突發(fā)心臟病，故B項(xiàng)正確。57.根據(jù)第五段第二行“TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR”以及第六段整段中隊(duì)友的協(xié)助，得到了及時(shí)CPR救助的Paris“heartbeatreturned”，所以Paris說(shuō)自己非常的幸運(yùn)。倒數(shù)第二段，“ExpertssayParisisright.Forasuddenfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly”，專家的話也印證了Paris獲得了及時(shí)的救助，故選C。58．根據(jù)第五段第二行“Butwhennooneelsecameforward，TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR。”說(shuō)明Taylor非常的勇敢，在沒(méi)有人出來(lái)幫忙以及自己對(duì)自己不那么自信的情況下，她還是跑去救助了Paris。由第五段第三行Taylor的話“Itwasscary。Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath。”以及第六段首句“Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown?！笨芍?，Taylor是一個(gè)勇敢并且冷靜的女孩，面對(duì)這種情況，她沒(méi)有慌亂，用自己學(xué)習(xí)到的急救知識(shí)迅速行動(dòng)并用自己的舉動(dòng)感染了隊(duì)友，使她們鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái)幫忙救助，故B項(xiàng)正確。C【2017·天津卷B篇】Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowstolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers’space.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareamondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.41.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?A.Hercamerastoppedworking.B.Awomanblockedherview.C.SomeoneaskedhertoleaveD.Afriendapproachedfrombehind.42.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably_______.A.enjoyingherselfB.losingherpatienceC.waitingforthesunsetD.thinkingaboutherpast43.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?A.Therichcolorofthelandscape.B.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C.Thewoman’sexistenceinthephoto.D.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.44.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand________.A.theneedtobeclosetonatureB.theimportanceofprivatespaceC.thejoyofthevacationinItalyD.thesharedpassionforbeauty45.Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor’sreflectionsupon_______.A.aparticularlifeexperienceB.thepleasureoftravelingC.theartofphotographyD.alostfriendship【答案】41.B42.A43.C44.D45.A【解題思路】本文屬于說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)講述作者在無(wú)奈的情況下拍攝的一張被一位女士干擾的照片的故事，向讀者描述了這樣的照片反而顯得更生動(dòng)，我們應(yīng)該懂得共享美麗，理解分享美麗的重要性。41.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段句子Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.可知，當(dāng)作者要拍照時(shí)，一位女士擋住了她的視線。故選B。42.A根據(jù)第三段的句子Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.她好像那么的滿足于她的觀察（欣賞風(fēng)景），即在作者看來(lái)，那個(gè)婦女很可能很愉快。故選A。43.C根據(jù)第四段的句子Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowstolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit可以判斷出作者認(rèn)為是因?yàn)檎掌杏辛诉@個(gè)婦女的存在使這張照片有了活力和生機(jī)。故選C。44.D根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,可以判斷出：掛在臥室墻上的照片使作者更好的理解了人們共有的欣賞追求美的激情。故選D。45.A通讀全文可知，前四段講述這次印度旅行的特殊經(jīng)歷，后三段講述這次特殊經(jīng)歷帶給作者的感悟，所以這篇文章可以看做是作者對(duì)于一次特殊經(jīng)歷的深入思考。故選A。D(重點(diǎn)中學(xué)九校聯(lián)盟2018屆高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考)Yahoo’ssheersize,popularity,andreputationfornothavingsecuritypracticesasexcellentasitspetitorsmayhavemadetheInternetpanyanidealtargetforRussianspies,accordingtoexperts.“Attheveryleast,Yahooisagoodtargetformonitoringandintelligencepurposes–trackingapersonofinterest,seeingwhomtheyaremunicatingwith,whatabout,andsoon,”saidJeremiahGrossman,chiefofsecurityatSentinelOne.GrossmanworkedonYahoo’ssecurityteamfrom1999to2001.TheJusticeDepartmentannouncedchargesWednesdayagainsttwoRussianspiesandtwohackersbehindthe2014theftofdataconnectedtohalfabillionYahooaccounts,whichofficialscalledoneofthelargestknowndataleaksinAmericanhistory.It’sunclearfromtheJusticeDepartmentreleasewhatthesuspectscollectedfromaccessingYahooaccounts;however,officialsnotedthat“somevictimaccountswereofpredictableinterest”toRussia’sfederalsecurityservice.BillAnderon,CEOofputersecuritypanyOptioLabs,saidthatYahoo’spopularity–plusitstreasureofaccountsthathavesetunusedforyears–putahugebullseyeonthepany.Emailaccountsarethegatewaytoplentyofareasinyourpersonallife–fromyourbankingaccountsandsocialnetworkstofindingoutwhoyourclosestcontactsare,Andersonsaid.Atbest,it’satreasurechestworthafortunetotheintelligencemunity.Atworst,it’satleastworthafewcents.Hackerscanthensellmillionsofaccountstospammers,atafewcentseach,foradecentpayoff,accordingtoexperts.WhileYahoohasmadehugeeffortsinstrengtheningitssecurityinrecentyears,thepanydoesn’thavethesamereputationforbeingonthecuttingedgeofsecurityasGoogle.Manyinformationsecurityexpertshaverespectforthecurrentsecurityteam,butnottheYahoobranditself,Grossmansaid.Thatimagemakeovermaytaketime.12.WhichmaynotbethereasonfortheYahoo’s2014theftofdata?A.Itsgoodreputationforsecurity.B.ItspopularityamongInternetusers.C.Itshugenumbersofaccounts.D.Itspoliticalandmercialvalue.13.Theunderlinedpartinthefourthparagraphmeans?A.broughtgreatprofitstothepanyB.madethepanyaneasytargetC.causedYahootoloselotsofusersD.putthespotlightonthepany14.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.ThecurrentsecurityteamwillbefiredbyYahoo.B.TheRussiangovernmentistoblameinthecase.C.Googletakestheleadinthecybersecurity.D.Yahoowillmakeupfortheusers'losses.15.Whatmayserveasthebesttitle?A.Yahoo,aPerfectTarget?B.JusticeHasLongArmsC.I’sNevertooLatetoMendD.WatchOutforYourAccount【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解題思路】本文講述了由于雅虎的人氣加上其眾多的賬戶財(cái)富和其政治經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)被攻擊的目標(biāo)，遭受了巨大損失。12.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Yahoo’ssheersize,popularity,andreputationfornothavingsecuritypracticesasexcellentasitspetitorsmayhavemadetheInternetpanyanidealtargetforRussianspies,和第四段thatYahoo’spopularity–plusitstreasureofaccountsthathavesetunusedforyears–putahugebullseyeonthepany.第五段Emailaccountsarethegatewaytoplentyofareasinyourpersonallife–fromyourbankingaccountsandsocialnetworkstofindingoutwhoyourclosestcontactsare可知雅虎賬戶數(shù)據(jù)被盜的原因是其受歡迎度，眾多的賬戶和其政治經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，而不是其安全方面的好聲譽(yù)。故選A。13.B句意猜測(cè)題。此處指雅虎的人氣加上其多年未使用的賬戶的財(cái)富，使公司成了被攻擊的靶子，給該公司帶來(lái)了巨大的影響。劃線部分指公司成了被攻擊的靶子，與B項(xiàng)madethepanyaneasytarget同義，故選B。14.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段WhileYahoohasmadehugeeffortsinstrengtheningitssecurityinrecentyears,thepanydoesn’thavethesamereputationforbeingonthecuttingedgeofsecurityasGoogle.可知谷歌在網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全方面的聲譽(yù)比雅虎好，故選C。15.A主旨大意題。本文講述了由于雅虎的人氣加上其眾多的賬戶財(cái)富和其政治經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)被攻擊的目標(biāo)，遭受了巨大損失。A項(xiàng)提出了本文問(wèn)題，概括全文，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。E(安徽省江南十校2017屆高三3月聯(lián)考)BobDylanhasownthe2016NobelPrizeinLiterature,announcedSaraDanius,SwedishAcademy’spermanentsecretary,onOct.13,2016inStockholm,Sweden.TheSwedishAcademysaiditchoseDylanforhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition.“Asanartist,heisoutstandinglyallround：hehasbeenanactivepainterandactor，"saidtheofficialstatement.U.S.PresidentBarackObamacongratulatedDylanonTwitter,describinghimasoneofhisfavoritepoets.SingerandsongwriterDylanisrecognizedworldwidefortheinfluencehehashadonmusic.Hebecameasymbolofthe1960scounterculture(反主流文化)buthisvoicehasreachedwidelyintotheAmericanpast.Sinceearlyinhiscareer,Dylanhasexperimentedwiththebinationoftheliteraryandthemusical.DylanhadbeenmentionedintheNobelpredictionforyears,butfewexpertsexpectedtheacademytoextendtheawardtoagenre(體裁）suchaspopmusic.He’sthefirstAmericanwinneroftheNobelLiteraturePrizesinceToniMorrisonin1992.Thechoicewasmetbyalongroundofapplausefromjournalistsattendingtheprizeannouncement.SaraDaniussaidthatwhileDylanperformshispoetryintheformofsongs,that,snodifferentfromtheancientGreeks,whoseworkswereoftenperformedtomusic.Dylan’searlyrockclassicssuchasTheTimesTheyAreAChangin’,andAHardRainsGonnaFall,helptogetcrossthethoughtsandfeelingsofthecounterculture.ThemusicpublicationRollingStonereleasedalistofthe“100GreatestBobDylanSongs”inhonorofhis75thbirthdayearlierthisyear.8.What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.WhatNobelPrizeDylanwonin2016.B.HowDylaninfluencesmusicworldwide.C.WhocongratulatedDylanonwinningtheprize.D.WhyDylanwasawardedtheNobelLiteraturePrize.9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“extend”inParagraph4?A.allocateB.deliverC.offerD.pensate10.WhatdoweknowaboutDylanfromthetext?A.HeisBarackObama’sfavoritefinger.B.Heperformspoetryintheformofsongs.C.HehadneverbeenexpectedtowinaNobelPrize.D.HeisthefirstAmericantowintheNobelLiteraturePrize.11.What’sthejournalists’attitudetowardsDylan’swinningtheNobelLiteraturePrize?A.Favorable.B.Objective.C.Skeptical.D.Uncaring.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解題思路】本文介紹了2016年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者BobDylan，并介紹了他在音樂(lè)方面的貢獻(xiàn)，以及如何獲得了諾貝爾將。8.段落大意題。第二段講的是美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)，作為一位藝術(shù)家，他在各個(gè)方面都非常杰出，這也是他獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的原因，故選D。9.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章可知，BobDyian已經(jīng)幾年都被提名，但是專家們不愿意將這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)提供個(gè)一個(gè)流行音樂(lè)領(lǐng)域的人，因此這個(gè)詞的意思是提供，故選C。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的itchoseDylanforhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition.可知，他用歌曲的形式來(lái)寫詩(shī)，故選B。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的Thechoicewasmetbyalongroundofapplausefromjournalistsattendingtheprizeannouncement.可知，參加頒獎(jiǎng)大會(huì)的記者們?cè)谛妓@獎(jiǎng)之后給予長(zhǎng)久不絕的掌聲，因此可以推斷記者們對(duì)此都是支持的，故選A。F(2018屆晉豫省際高三大聯(lián)考)A60yearoldhomelesswomannamedSmokiehasbeensleepingoutsideinthedirtafewdoorsdownfromamannamedElvisSummers.Mostmornings,shestopsbyElvis’sLosAngelesapartmentandasksifhehasanyrecyclablematerialsforher.Throughtheseconversations,theystruckupafriendship.Onemorning,ElvissawanewsarticleaboutmaninOaklandwhohasbeenmakingtinyhousesoutofdesertedmaterials.HewasinspiredtoputoffpayingafewbillssohecouldbuythewoodandhardwaretomakeSmokieabrandnewshelterittookhimfivedaystobuildit,andnow,forthefirsttimeintenyears,Smokieabrandnewshelter.Ittookhimfivedaystobuildit,andnow,forthefirsttimeintenyears,Smokiehasaplacetohangthesign.“HomeSweetHome”.“Ihadnowheretoreallybuildit,soIjustbuiltitinthestreetoutsideofmyapartment,”ElvistoldGoodNewsNetwork.“ThelocalLAPDpolicehavebeensupercool,andhavetoldmeheysupportit—aslongaswemoveittoadifferentspotevery72hours.”Hemadethisprettytimelapse(延時(shí)的)videoshowinghowhedidit.Thematerials,includingtwolocksonthefrontdoorandstrongwheelsformovingitaround,costhimabout$500.“I’vemetsomanyhomelesspeople,goodpeople,”Elvissaidinanemail,“SinceIbuiltSmokie’s,I’vehadseveralpeopleaskingmetomakethematinyhomeandit’sturnedintomuchmorethanjusttheonehouseIwantedtobuild.”AlthoughherunsanonlineretailstorethatsellsEDMclothes,hehasdecidedtolaunchanambitiousprojecttofundmoreshelters.Heplantstogetlighterandcheapermaterials—withoutsacrificingthestrengthofthehouse—forthenextround.RickSassen,abranchmanager,kindlydonatedtheroofshinglesandcedarsupportingSmokie’shouse,finalitemsElviscouldn’taffordonhisown.Sassenhaspromisedtoworkoutadealonfuturebuildingmaterialsforthesamecause.4.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords“struckup”inparagraph2?A.Kepton.B.Established.C.Gaveout.D.Acplished.5.WheredidElvis’sinspirationtobuildatinyhouseefrom?A.Anewsreport.B.Asciencebook.C.Afictionstory.D.Anadvertisement.6.Whatisthemainfeatureofthetinyhouse?A.Itisairconditioned.B.Itisverylight.C.Itcanmovearound.D.Ithasnoroof.7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutElvisfromthelastparagraph?A.Hewillgethelpfrompoorpeople.B.Heearnshislivingbybuildinghouses.C.Heplanstobuildstrongerhouses.D.Hewillhelpmorehomelesspeople.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解題思路】Elvis從一則新聞報(bào)道獲得靈感，創(chuàng)造出“能四處移動(dòng)”的微型房子，他將幫助更多無(wú)家可歸的人。4.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中Throughtheseconversations,theystruckupafriendship.由常識(shí)可知，通過(guò)談話人們會(huì)建立友誼。故選B。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Onemorning,ElvissawanewsarticleaboutmaninOaklandwhohasbeenmakingtinyhousesoutofdesertedmaterials.HewasinspiredtoputoffpayingafewbillssohecouldbuythewoodandhardwaretomakeSmokieabrandnewshelterittookhimfivedaystobuildit,可知，Elvis的靈感來(lái)自一則新聞報(bào)道。故選A。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Thematerials,includingtwolocksonthefrontdoorandstrongwheelsformovingitaround,costhimabout$500.可知，這種微型房子的主要特色是“能四處移動(dòng)”，故選C。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中RickSassen,abranchmanager,kindlydonatedtheroofshinglesandcedarsupportingSmokie’shouse,finalitemsElviscouldn’taffordonhisown.Sassenhaspromisedtoworkoutadealonfuturebuildingmaterialsforthesamecause.可推知，他將幫助更多無(wú)家可歸的人。故選D。G(廣西桂林市九校2018屆高三9月聯(lián)考)Adrugusedtotreatseverebleedingcouldsavethousandsoflivesformothersgivingbirth.Aglobaltrialofthedrugfounditreducedtheriskofbleedingdeathsduringchildbirthbynearlyonethird.Thestudyinvolved20,000womenin21countries,mainlyinAfricaandAsia.ThetrialwascarriedoutbyLondon'sSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.Thedrugiscalleddtranexamicacid（氨甲環(huán)酸）.Itislowcostandresearcherssaiditdoesnotcauseserioussideeffectsformothersorbabies.Thedrugisusedtotreatmothersforseverebleedingduringchildbirth,alsoknownaspostpartumhemorrhage(產(chǎn)后出血).Itistheleadingcauseofmother’sdeathworldwide,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.HaleemaShakuristheprojectdirectorofthetrial.Shesaysdespitemedicaladvancesinmanycountries,severebleedingafterchildbirthremainsabigprobleminsomepartsoftheworld.“It'soneofthebiggestkillersofmothers