選擇性必修Book3Unit4AdversityAndCourage（B卷·能力提升練）（時間：90分鐘；滿分：120分）閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AClaritin?ChewablesCoolMintFlavorPowerful24-hour.non-drowsyallergyreliefplusanimmediateblastofcoolingsensationyoucanfeel.DIRECTIONS?convenientchewableform?nowaterneededAdultsandchildren12yearsandover:chew1tabletdaily;notmorethan1tabletin24hoursChildrenunder12:askadoctorConsumerswithliverorkidneydisease:askadoctorRobintussin?12HourTabletsTemporarilyrelievecoughduetominorthroatpain,theintensityofcoughingandtheimpulsetocough.DIRECTIONS?donotcrush,cheworbreaktablets?takewithafullglassofwaterAdultsandchildren12yearsandolder:Itabletevery12hours;notmorethan2tabletsin24hoursChildrenunder12:askadoctorTylenol?ColdMaxDaytimeCapletsTemporarilyrelievecommoncold/flusymptoms.DIRECTIONS?swallowwhole-donotcrush,chewordissolveAdultsandchildren12yearsandover:take2capletsevery4hours;donottakemorethan10capletsin24hoursChildrenunder12:askadoctorMotrin?IBIbuprofenCapletsRelievetoughpainandreducefeverDIRECTIONSAdultsandchildren12yearsandolder:takeIcapletevery4to6hourswhilesymptomspersist;ifpainorfeverdoesnotrespondtoIcaplet,2capletsmaybeused;donotexceed6capletsin24hours,unlessdirectedbyadoctorChildrenunder12:askadoctor1.Ifapersonsuffersfromacough,whichmedicinecanheorshetake?A.Claritin?ChewablesCoolMintFlavor.B.Robintussin?HourTablets.C.Tylenol?ColdMaxDaytimeCaplets.D.Motrin?IBIhuprofenCaplet2.Howshouldapatientof15takeTylenol?ColdMaxDaytimeCaplets?A.Take1capleteverytime. B.Chewitbeforeswallowing.C.Take2capletseveryfourthhour. D.Take12capletsinoneday.3.Whatdothefourmedicineshaveincommon?A.Theycanalltreatcolds.B.Theycan’tbetakenwithothermedicines.C.Theyshouldbetakenwithwater.D.Theyneeddoctors’adviceforpatientsunder12.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了生活中治療常見病癥的四種常用藥物?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“cough”可將解題線索定位至第二種藥“Robintussin?12HourTablets”，根據(jù)文本信息“Temporarilyrelievecoughduetominorthroatpain,theintensityofcoughingandtheimpulsetocough.(暫時緩解喉嚨輕微疼痛、咳嗽強(qiáng)度和咳嗽沖擊引起的咳嗽。)”可知，Robintussin?HourTablets可治療咳嗽。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章對第三種藥“TylenollColdMaxDaytimeCaplets”服用方法的描述“Adultsandchildren12yearsandover:take2capletsevery4hours;donottakemorethan10capletsin24hours(成人及12歲及以上兒童：每4小時服2片；24小時內(nèi)服用不超過10片)”可知，十二歲及以上的病人應(yīng)當(dāng)每四小時吃兩片；二十四小時內(nèi)最多服用10片。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中四種藥品的功能簡介和服用指南，可知四種藥對應(yīng)不同癥狀，服用方法不同，故排除A項(xiàng)“它們都治療感冒”、B項(xiàng)“它們不能和其他藥物一起服用”和C項(xiàng)“它們都應(yīng)該用溫水送服”。四種藥物的服用指南中都提及了“Childrenunder12:askadoctor(12歲以下：遵醫(yī)囑)”可知，它們的共同點(diǎn)是十二歲以下的兒童在服用時需遵醫(yī)囑。故選D項(xiàng)。BForthepastthreedecades,RichardSears,71,hasbeenfocusedononething:tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.HisinterestinChineselanguageandcharactersgoesbackto1972,whenhewasa22-year-oldphysicsmajoratPortlandStateUniversityinOregon.“Irealizedonly7percentoftheworldspeakEnglishasamothertongue.So,Iwantedtoknowwhatitwasliketospeakanotherlanguage.”By1990,SearswasalreadyprettyfluentinChinese,buthedidnotknowhowtoread.ToSears,thecharacterswerecomplexwithmanystrokesandalmostnoapparentlogic.“I’maphysicist,soIdon’tlikeblindmemorizationinlearninglanguages.IknewthatChinesecharacterscamefrompictographs(象形文字)andIwantedtoknowthestoriesbehindtheChinesecharacters.”Ashestudied,Searsrealizedquicklythatmanyoftheexplanationscouldnotpossiblybetrue.Inordertopickoutthegoodones,hedecidedtocomputerizethecharacters.Hescannedabout96,000ancientcharacters.Thedatabaseofancientcharacterscameintobeing,buthewantedtoexplainthestep-by-stepevolvementofthesecharactersfromtheoriginalpictographstothemodernsimplifiedforms.Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002andnameditChineseEtymology(詞源),wherevisitorscancheckforfreetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.Between2002and2011,thewebsitewouldget11,000or15,000hitsaday.Suddenly,inJanuary2011,clickstothewebsitewentupto600,000inoneday.OvernighthebecameUncleHanzi,anicknamegivenbyChinesenetizens,afteroneofthemsharedhiswebsiteonChinesesocialmedia.Inadditiontothewebsite,inSeptemberlastyear,Searssetuphisstudio,focusingonapplyingAR,animationandartificialintelligencetotellingstoriesofChinesecultureandcharacterorigins,inNanjingaspartofthelocalauthority’splantocultivatetalentintheculturesector.“TheyhavebothentertainmentvalueforyoungChineseandeducationalvalueandcanteachtheoriginsofChinesecharacters,”hesays.“WealsowanttomakevideoswithahigheducationalvalueforotherplatformsbothforChineseandforeignlearnersofChinesecharacters.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutRichardSears?A.HelearnedChinesetoimprovehisphysics.B.HehasmadeanexplorationintoChinesecharacters.C.HewasfluentinreadingChinesefromthebeginning.D.Hewasconcernedaboutthespreadofhismothertongue.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ones”inParagraph3referto?A.Explanations. B.Characters. C.Pictographs. D.Languages.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSears’website?A.Ithasmadeabigprofitfromnetizensvisitingit.B.Itgainedpopularityshortlyafterbeingestablished.C.ItfocusesonthesimplificationofChinesecharacters.D.ItbringstheevolvementofChinesecharacterstothepublic.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRichardSears?A.Enthusiasticanddevoted. B.Wisebutcareless.C.Ambitiousandhumorous. D.Generousbutstubborn.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹71歲的理查德·西爾斯專注于研究漢字背后的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Forthepastthreedecades,RichardSears,71,hasbeenfocusedononething:tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.(在過去的30年里，71歲的理查德·西爾斯一直專注于一件事：講述漢字背后的故事。)”和第二段“ToSears,thecharacterswerecomplexwithmanystrokesandalmostnoapparentlogic.(在西爾斯看來，這些漢字筆畫繁多，幾乎沒有明顯的邏輯。)”可知，理查德·西爾斯對漢字進(jìn)行了探索。故選B?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段劃線詞前句“Ashestudied,Searsrealizedquicklythatmanyoftheexplanationscouldnotpossiblybetrue.(研究過程中，西爾斯很快意識到很多解釋都不可能是真的。)”可知，為了挑選出好的解釋，他決定將這些漢字電腦化。所以ones指代前句中的“explanations(解釋)”。故選A。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002andnameditChineseEtymology(詞源),wherevisitorscancheckforfreetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.(他終于在2002年建立了自己的網(wǎng)站，并將其命名為“中國詞源學(xué)”，在這個網(wǎng)站上，訪問者可以免費(fèi)查看各種形式的漢字的演變。)”可推斷，西爾斯的網(wǎng)站把漢字的演變帶給了大眾。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Forthepastthreedecades,RichardSears,71,hasbeenfocusedononething:tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.(在過去的30年里，71歲的理查德·西爾斯一直專注于一件事：講述漢字背后的故事。)”和第四段“Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002andnameditChineseEtymology(詞源),wherevisitorscancheckforfreetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.(他終于在2002年建立了自己的網(wǎng)站，并將其命名為“中國詞源學(xué)”，在這個網(wǎng)站上，訪問者可以免費(fèi)查看各種形式的漢字的演變。)”可知，理查德·西爾斯一直專注于講述漢字背后的故事并讓訪問者免費(fèi)查看各種形式的漢字的演變，從而推斷說明他對漢字的研究富有熱情且樂于奉獻(xiàn)。故選A。CTopherWhitespendsalotoftimewalkingintheforestandthinkingabouthowquicklywe’relosingit.Heismakinganefforttostopglobaldeforestation(濫伐).FounderoftheSanFrancisco—basedNonprofitRainforestConnection,Whitehasdevelopedasimplebutingeniousstrategy:usingoldcellphonestolistenforthesoundofdestruction.Forestsaredisappearingworldwideandfast,whichnotonlyharmswildlife,includingmanyspeciesthatlivenowhereelse,butalsocontributestoclimatechange.“Ididn’tknowanyofthisstuffwhenIstarted,”saysWhite,whobeganhisjourneyin2011,whenhetraveledtoIndonesianBorneotohelpdecreasinggibbons(長臂猿).Between50and90percentofthelogging(采伐)thathappensintheworld’srainforestsisillegal,accordingtoWhite,yetdetectingthatactivitycanbetough.Sohehasdevelopedasysteminwhichheusesacellphonestayingchargedbysolarcellsandanextramicrophone.Fromthere,thedevicecandetectthesoundsofchainsaws(電鋸)nearlyamileaway.Becauseit’sunfeasibletohavepeoplelisteningtothedevicesallthetime,headdedsome“old-schooldataanalysis,”sothatthecellphone’scomputerscandistinguishachainsaw’ssoundfromothersintheforest.Thisway,hisdevicecanautomaticallydetectloggingactivityandsendatextalerttoauthoritieswhocandetermineifit’sillegalandthenstopit.Sofar,hismonitoringsystemhasbeenusedinCameroon,Ecuador,Peru,andBrazilandwillsoonbedeployedinBolivia.It’snotjustaboutlisteningforlogging.Also,itcanpickoutthesoundsofspecificbirds,whichiswhyWhiteseestheforestrecordingsasapotentialsciencetool.Heisurgingbiologistsandecologiststousehismonitoringsystemanywhere,whetherit’saremoteforestoraparkinLondon.“Themorewelearnabouttheseplaces,”hesays,“theeasieritwillbetoprotectthem.”8.WhatmadeTopherWhitedecidetostopglobaldeforestation?A.Theproblemofglobalclimatechange.B.TheassociationofNonprofitRainforestConnection.C.TheexperienceoftravellingtoIndonesianBorneoin2011.D.Thedesiretofindnewusesforoldcellphones.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unfeasible”inparagraph4mean?A.Impractical. B.Unwilling. C.Impassive. D.Unnecessary.10.InTopherWhite’sopinion,wecanprotectnaturemoreeasilythrough______.A.updatingadvancedtechnology B.ourbetterunderstandingofitC.developingstrongteamworkspirit D.growingenvironmentalawareness11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ACreativeWayIsUsedtoProtectWildlifeB.MeasuresShouldBeTakentoPreserveNatureC.ForestsAreDisappearingWorldwideD.YourOldCellPhonesCanHelpSavetheRainForest【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述阻止全球?yàn)E伐的方法——通過使用舊手機(jī)來聆聽破壞雨林的聲音——從而拯救雨林。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TopherWhitespendsalotoftimewalkingintheforestandthinkingabouthowquicklywe’relosingit.Heismakinganefforttostopglobaldeforestation(濫伐).(TopherWhite花了很多時間在森林里行走，思考我們失去森林的速度有多快。他正在努力阻止全球?yàn)E伐。)”及第二段“Forestsaredisappearingworldwideandfast,whichnotonlyharmswildlife,includingmanyspeciesthatlivenowhereelse,butalsocontributestoclimatechange.“Ididn’tknowanyofthisstuffwhenIstarted,”saysWhite,whobeganhisjourneyin2011,whenhetraveledtoIndonesianBorneotohelpdecreasinggibbons(長臂猿).(森林正在世界范圍內(nèi)迅速消失，這不僅傷害了野生動植物，包括許多無處可逃的物種，而且還加劇了氣候變化。懷特說：“當(dāng)我開始時，我對這些東西一無所知”，他于2011年開始他的旅程，當(dāng)時他前往印度尼西亞婆羅洲幫助逐漸減少的長臂猿。)”可知，懷特在2011年前往印度尼西亞婆羅洲時意識到濫伐的危害，決定停止全球?yàn)E伐，故選C?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“headdedsome“old-schooldataanalysis,”sothatthecellphone’scomputerscandistinguishachainsaw’ssoundfromothersintheforest.Thisway,hisdevicecanautomaticallydetectloggingactivityandsendatextalerttoauthoritieswhocandetermineifit’sillegalandthenstopit.(他補(bǔ)充了一些傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)分析，這樣手機(jī)的電腦就可以把電鋸的聲音和森林里的其他聲音區(qū)分開來。通過這種方式，他的設(shè)備可以自動檢測日志記錄活動，并向?qū)＜野l(fā)送文本警報(bào)，專家可以確定它是否非法，然后停止它。)”可知，讓人們一直聽著設(shè)備是不可能的，所以懷特做了一些數(shù)據(jù)分析，使設(shè)備可以自動檢測日志記錄活動，并向?qū)＜野l(fā)送文本警報(bào)。故unfeasible表示“不可行的，不切實(shí)際的”，與impractical意義相近。故選A。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Themorewelearnabouttheseplaces,”hesays,“theeasieritwillbetoprotectthem.”(他說：“我們對這些地方了解得越多，就越容易保護(hù)它們”。)”可知，懷特認(rèn)為我們更好地了解自然，就能更容易地保護(hù)自然，故選B。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“TopherWhitespendsalotoftimewalkingintheforestandthinkingabouthowquicklywe’relosingit.Heismakinganefforttostopglobaldeforestation(濫伐).FounderoftheSanFrancisco—basedNonprofitRainforestConnection,Whitehasdevelopedasimplebutingenious’strategy:usingoldcellphonestolistenforthesoundofdestruction.(TopherWhite花了很多時間在森林里行走，思考我們失去森林的速度有多快。他正在努力阻止全球?yàn)E伐。懷特是總部位于舊金山的非營利組織RainforestConnection的創(chuàng)始人，他制定了一種簡單但巧妙的策略：使用舊手機(jī)來聆聽破壞的聲音使用舊手機(jī)來聆聽破壞的聲音。)”可知，文章主要講述阻止全球?yàn)E伐的方法——通過使用舊手機(jī)來聆聽破壞雨林的聲音。故文章標(biāo)題應(yīng)是YourOldCellPhonesCanHelpSavetheRainForest(你的舊手機(jī)可以幫助拯救雨林。)，故選D。DProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors(處理器)—someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory,establishingamodelofrecyclingthatenablesbusinessesandcommunitiestodevelopcommercialopportunitieswhileaddressinglocalwasteproblems.Asecondonebeganrecyclingplasticsin2019.Now,herlabgroupisworkingwithuniversityandindustrypartnerstocommercializetheirpatentedMicrofactorytechnology.“Thesmallscaleofthemachineswillmakeiteasierforthemtoonedayoperateonrenewableenergy,unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.Theapproachwillalsoallowcitiestorecyclewasteintonewproductsonlocation,avoidingthelong,ofteninternational,high-emissionjourneysbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Withamicrofactory,gonearethedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials,extract(提取)elementsandproducenewproducts,”saysSahajwalla.Traditionally,recyclingplantsbreakdownmaterialsforreuseinsimilarproducts-likemeltingdownplastictomakemoreplasticthings.Sahajwalla’sinventionadvancesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.“Thekidsdon’tlookliketheparents,”shesays.Sahajwallareferstothisprocessas“thefourthR,”adding“re-form”tothecommonphrase“reduce,reuse,recycle”.ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla’sprogramshelptodevelopinnovationandpromotecooperationwithindustry,ensuringthatsustainablematerialsandprocessesbecomecommerciallypracticalsolutionsfordealingwithwaste.12.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceanewtypeoftrashprocessor.B.Tointroducetheprocessofrecyclingwaste.C.Toprovetheseriousnessofthetrashproblem.D.Toshowthecurrentsituationoftrashrecycling.13.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thefoundingofwastemicrofactories.B.Theinfluencesofwastemicrofactories.C.Theadvantagesofwastemicrofactories.D.Theshockingscaleofwastemicrofactories.14.Whatdoes“re-form”inParagraph3refertoaccordingtoSahajwalla?A.Extractingmaterialsfromthewaste.B.Generatingnewmaterialswithwaste.C.Updatingthewholerecyclingprocess.D.Transformingwasteintosimilarproducts.15.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Afictionnovel. B.Abusinessreport.C.Asciencemagazine. D.Achemicaltextbook.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亞年度人物，她為我們的大規(guī)模垃圾問題創(chuàng)造了一個解決方案：垃圾微型工廠?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors—someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.(VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亞年度人物，她為我們的大規(guī)模垃圾問題創(chuàng)造了一個解決方案：垃圾微型工廠。這些小垃圾處理器——有些只有500平方英尺——容納了一系列回收垃圾并利用熱技術(shù)將其轉(zhuǎn)化為新材料的機(jī)器。新的“一體式”方法可能會讓我們目前的回收流程相形見絀。)”可知，第一段的寫作目的是為了介紹一種新型的垃圾處理機(jī)。故選A?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory,establishingamodelofrecyclingthatenablesbusinessesandcommunitiestodevelopcommercialopportunitieswhileaddressinglocalwasteproblems.(2018年，她啟動了第一個微型工廠，建立了一種回收模式，使企業(yè)和社區(qū)能夠在解決當(dāng)?shù)貜U物問題的同時開發(fā)商業(yè)機(jī)會。)”可知，第二段主要講述了垃圾微工廠的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選C。【14題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Sahajwalla’sinventionadvancesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.(Sahajwalla的發(fā)明通過從舊產(chǎn)品中提取材料并創(chuàng)造出不同的東西來推進(jìn)這一想法。)”可知，Sahajwalla將這一過程稱為“第四個R”，即在“減少、再利用、再循環(huán)”的基礎(chǔ)上再加上“重組”。由此可推知，re-form指的是“用廢物產(chǎn)生新材料”。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.(VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亞年度人物，她為我們的大規(guī)模垃圾問題創(chuàng)造了一個解決方案：垃圾微型工廠。)”可知，文章主要介紹了垃圾微型工廠。由此可推知，文章可能出自一本科學(xué)雜志。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thinkingaboutthepastweek,didanyofyouforgetwhereyouputyourphone?Didyouhaveawordstuckonthetipofyourtongue?Youcouldn’trememberthenameofthemovieafriendrecommended?Whatisgoingonhere?Isyourmemoryfailing?It’snot.16Despitememory’sextraordinary,necessaryandcommonpresenceinourlives,itisfarfromperfect.Ourbrainsarenotdesignedtorememberpeople’snames,toremembertodosomethinglaterortocatalogueeverythingweexperience.17Eveninthesmartestheads,memoryislikelytobewrong.Sowhatdetermineswhatwerememberandwhatweforget?18Yourmemoryisnotavideocamerarecordingaconstantstreamofeverysightandsoundyou'reexposedto.Youcanonlyrememberwhatyouareconcernedabout.Accordingly,onemajorreasonforforgettingwhatsomeonesaidorwhereyouparkedyourcarislackofattention.Theotherhassomethingtodowithstimulus(刺激物).Forexample,thetipofthetongueisoneofthemostcommonexperiencesofmemoryfailure.19_Whydoesthishappen?Thetipofthetonguecanoccurwhenthere’sonlypartialorweakactivation(激活)ofthenervecellsthatconnecttothewordyou’relookingfor.Sowhenyouwalkintoaroomandsuddenlydon’tknowwhyyou’rethere,you’renotgoingcrazyorgettingAlzheimer’sdisease,andyourmemoryisn’tterrible.Gobacktotheroomyouwereinbeforeyoulandedinthisoneandimaginethecluesthatwerethere.20A.Onenecessaryfactorisattention.B.It’sdoingexactlywhatit'ssupposedtodo.C.Theseimperfectionsaresimplythefactorysettings.D.Ourbrainstendtorememberwhatismeaningfulandforgetwhatisn’t.E.You’retryingtocomeupwithaword,butyoucannotfinditinyourmemory.F.Itwillinstantlydeliverwhatyouwerecompletelyconfusedaboutamomentago.G.Memoryisamazingandisessentialforthefunctioningofalmosteverythingwedo.【答案】16.B17.C18.A19.E20.F【解析】本文是一篇說明文。記憶力非常重要但并非完美，我們總是忘記事情，文章分析了原因并提出一些幫助記憶的建議。【16題詳解】第一段末尾提出問題“Isyourmemoryfailing?(你的記憶力失靈了嗎?)”，第二段首句“It’snot.”給出否定回答，B項(xiàng)“It’sdoingexactlywhatit’ssupposedtodo.（它在做它應(yīng)該做的事）”是對上文答語的補(bǔ)充，其中It與上文It一致，都是指代“memory”，下文“Despitememory’sextraordinary,necessaryandcommonpresenceinourlives,itisfarfromperfect.Ourbrainsarenotdesignedtorememberpeople’snames,toremembertodosomethinglaterortocatalogueeverythingweexperience.（盡管記憶在我們的生活中是非凡的、必要的、常見的存在，但它遠(yuǎn)非完美。我們的大腦并不是用來記住別人的名字的，也不是用來記住以后要做的事情或者把我們經(jīng)歷的每件事都記錄下來）”更進(jìn)一步說明了B項(xiàng)“whatit’ssupposedtodo”的含義。故選B?！?7題詳解】上文“Ourbrainsarenotdesignedtorememberpeople’snames,toremembertodosomethinglaterortocatalogueeverythingweexperience.（我們的大腦并不是用來記住別人的名字的，也不是用來記住以后要做的事情或者把我們經(jīng)歷的每件事都記錄下來）”講大腦的缺陷，C項(xiàng)“Theseimperfectionsaresimplythefactorysettings.（這些不完美只是簡單的工廠設(shè)置）”解釋了缺陷存在的原因，句中“Theseimperfections”指代上文所述大腦的缺陷，符合上下文連貫。故選C。【18題詳解】第二段末尾提出問題“Sowhatdetermineswhatwerememberandwhatweforget?(那么是什么決定了我們記住什么，忘記什么呢?)”提出問題，下文“Yourmemoryisnotavideocamerarecordingaconstantstreamofeverysightandsoundyou’reexposedto.Youcanonlyrememberwhatyouareconcernedabout.Accordingly,onemajorreasonforforgettingwhatsomeonesaidorwhereyouparkedyourcarislackofattention.（你的記憶不是一臺攝像機(jī)，不是不間斷地記錄下你所接觸到的每一種景象和聲音。你只能記住你所關(guān)心的。因此，忘記別人說了什么或把車停在哪里的一個主要原因就是缺乏注意力）”分析了遺忘的原因是：缺乏注意力，A項(xiàng)“Onenecessaryfactorisattention.（一個必要的因素是注意力）”回答了上文的問題，也是下文的概括，承上啟下，符合上下文連貫。故選A?！?9題詳解】上文“thetipofthetongueisoneofthemostcommonexperiencesofmemoryfailure.（“一時想不起來”是記憶失靈最常見的經(jīng)歷之一）”提到“一時想不起來”這一現(xiàn)象，E項(xiàng)“You’retryingtocomeupwithaword,butyoucannotfinditinyourmemory.（你試圖想出一個單詞，但你在記憶中找不到它）”對這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步說明，同時引出下文問題“Whydoesthishappen?（為什么會發(fā)生這種情況？）”，符合上下文連貫。故選E?！?0題詳解】上文“Gobacktotheroomyouwereinbeforeyoulandedinthisoneandimaginethecluesthatwerethere.（回到你來在這個房間之前的那個房間，想想那里有什么線索）”提出找回之前記憶的方法，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Itwillinstantlydeliverwhatyouwerecompletelyconfusedaboutamomentago.（它將立即讓你想起剛才完全迷糊的事情）”說明了這樣做的效果，符合上下文連貫。故選F。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)Outsidethebackofthesupermarketwasanelderlylady,holdingabasketofflowersinthecold.“Wouldyoulikesomeflowers?Theyare$3?”sheaskedmeasIwaswalkingpastandI21responded,“No,thankyou.”Iwalkedawayandwentinside.SearchingforwhatIneeded,Ithoughtofthatlady,standinginthecold.22thebeautifulflowersIhadadmired,hergentlevoiceandkindness,Iwonderedaboutherunknown23ofstandingthere.I24myownpersonalstruggles,IhadtobudgetforeverythingandI25even$3wasalotformeatthattime,andprobablyforhertoo.26,itwasn'tmyfirstthoughtwhenshehadaskedmeaboutbuyingherflowers.MyfirstthoughtwasthatIdidn’thavethe27butnotasanexcuse.WhenIwenttothe28topaywithmycard,Iaskedfor$3cashoutfirst.Thestaffmember29meaboutthe$3.Feeling30,ItriedtorememberthemoneyIhadinmyaccountwhenshepressedthebuttontoprocessit.Itwassucharelieftoseeitallhadbeenacceptedbythemachineandthestaffmember31me$3.Iwalkedouttothelady.“Hi,sorry.Unfortunately,Ididn’thavethecashonmethen.Yes,Iwouldliketobuysomeofyourflowers,”Isaid.Igaveher$3asshehandedmetheflowers.Iwas32thatshethenrandomlyaskedmeifIwanted33.Iguessedshewasembarrassedandsaid,“No.Theyareworththemoney.Thankyou.”AsIwalkedaway,IwassecondguessingIcouldhaveofferedhermore.ButwhenIturnedbacktoher,she34andthankedmeagain.I’mthankfulforthisvaluable35we’reallgoingthroughourownproblemsbutkindnessisfreeandnomatterwhatlittlewecandoforothers,itwillalwaysbeappreciated!21.A.seriously B.politely C.confidently D.impatiently22.A.Ignoring B.Buying C.Picturing D.Discovering23.A.story B.secret C.effect D.purpose24.A.benefitedfrom B.gaveup C.putdown D.wentthrough25.A.appreciated B.hoped C.pretended D.agreed26.A.Instead B.Therefore C.However D.Otherwise27.A.right B.courage C.chance D.cash28.A.receptionist B.register C.bankclerk D.cashmachine29.A.informed B.questioned C.reminded D.warned30.A.anxious B.happy C.proud D.desperate31.A.fined B.charged C.lent D.handed32.A.ashamed B.surprised C.excited D.worried33.A.truth B.help C.change D.permission34.A.wandered B.admitted C.whispered D.declined35.A.lesson B.principle C.adventure D.challenge【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.C27.D28.B29.B30.A31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。本文作者通過講述生活拮據(jù)的自己買花的經(jīng)歷，感悟我們都在經(jīng)歷我們自己的問題，但善良是免費(fèi)的，無論我們能為別人做什么，將永遠(yuǎn)被感激!【21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我經(jīng)過時，她問我，我禮貌地回答說:“不用了，謝謝?！盇.seriously嚴(yán)重地；B.politely禮貌地；C.confidently自信地；D.impatiently不耐煩地。根據(jù)“No,thankyou.”可知我在禮貌的回答。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的腦海里浮現(xiàn)出我曾經(jīng)欣賞過的美麗的花朵，她溫柔的聲音和善良的樣子，我想知道她站在那里的不為人所知的故事。A.Ignoring忽略；B.Buying買；C.Picturing想象；D.Discovering發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“thebeautifulflowersIhadadmired”可知我的腦海里浮現(xiàn)出我曾經(jīng)欣賞過的美麗的花朵。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的腦海里浮現(xiàn)出我曾經(jīng)欣賞過的美麗的花朵，她溫柔的聲音和善良的樣子，我想知道她站在那里的不為人所知的故事。A.story故事；B.secret秘密；C.effect效果；D.purpose目的。根據(jù)“Iwonderedaboutherunknown23ofstandingthere.”可知我想知道她站在那里的不為人所知的故事。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我經(jīng)歷了我自己的掙扎，我必須預(yù)算所有的事情，我意識到即使是3美元對我來說都是很多的，也許對她來說也是。A.benefitedfrom得益于；B.gaveup放棄；C.putdown放下；D.wentthrough經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)“myownpersonalstruggles”可知我經(jīng)歷了我自己的掙扎。故選D。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我經(jīng)歷了我自己的掙扎，我必須預(yù)算所有的事情，我意識到即使是3美元對我來說都是很多的，也許對她來說也是。A.appreciated欣賞；B.hoped希望；C.pretended假裝；D.agreed同意。根據(jù)“I24myownpersonalstruggles,Ihadtobudgetforeverything”可知我生活拮據(jù)，3美元也是我欣賞，我在乎的錢。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)她問我要不要買她的花時，這并不是我的第一個想法。A.Instead反而；B.Therefore因此；C.However然而；D.Otherwise否則。上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，我雖然生活捉襟見肘，但當(dāng)她問我要不要買她的花時，我的第一個想法是我沒有現(xiàn)金，但不是一個借口。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的第一個想法是我沒有現(xiàn)金，但不是一個借口。A.right權(quán)利；B.courage勇氣；C.chance機(jī)會；D.cash現(xiàn)金。根據(jù)“I24myownpersonalstruggles,IhadtobudgetforeverythingandI25even$3wasalotformeatthattime,andprobablyforhertoo.”可知我的第一個想法是我沒有現(xiàn)金，但不是一個借口。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我去收銀臺刷卡時，我先要了3美元現(xiàn)金。A.receptionist接待員；B.register現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)；C.bankclerk銀行辦事人員；D.cashmachine自動提款機(jī)。根據(jù)“WhenIwenttothe28topaywithmycard,Iaskedfor$3cashoutfirst.”可知我到現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)處刷卡付款。故選B。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：工作人員問我3美元的事。A.informed通知；B.questioned詢問；C.reminded提醒；D.warned警告。根據(jù)“ItriedtorememberthemoneyIhadinmyaccountwhenshepressedthebuttontoprocessit.”可知工作人員問我3美元的事。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到焦慮不安，當(dāng)她按下按鈕進(jìn)行處理時，我試著記起我賬戶里的錢。A.anxious焦慮的；B.happy高興的；C.proud驕傲的；D.desperate絕望的。根據(jù)“ItriedtorememberthemoneyIhadinmyaccountwhenshepressedthebuttontoprocessit.”可知我感到焦慮不安。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看到這一切都被機(jī)器接受了，工作人員遞給我3美元，我如釋重負(fù)。A.fined罰款；B.charged控告；C.lent借給；D.handed遞給。根據(jù)“me$3”可知是工作人員遞給我3美元。故選D。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，她隨后會隨意問我是否想要找零錢。A.ashamed感到羞愧；B.surprised吃驚的；C.excited興奮的；D.worried擔(dān)心的。根據(jù)“shethenrandomlyaskedmeifIwanted33.”可知這令我很驚訝。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，她隨后會隨意問我是否想要找零錢。A.truth真相；B.help幫助；C.change零錢；D.permission允許。根據(jù)“Iguessedshewasembarrassedandsaid,“No.Theyareworththemoney.Thankyou.””可知她隨后會隨意問我是否想要找零錢。故選C。【34題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我轉(zhuǎn)身向她時，她拒絕了，并再次向我道謝。A.wandered漫步；B.admitted承認(rèn)；C.whispered竊竊私語；D.declined拒絕。根據(jù)“andthankedmeagain.”可知她拒絕了。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很感謝這寶貴的一課，我們都在經(jīng)歷我們自己的問題，但善良是免費(fèi)的，無論我們能為別人做什么，它將永遠(yuǎn)感激!A.lesson課；B.principle原則；C.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)“we’reallgoingthroughourownproblemsbutkindnessisfreeandnomatterwhatlittlewecandoforothers,itwillalwaysbeappreciated!”可知這是我學(xué)到的寶貴一課。故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OnJuly19,2013,agirlwhowascomingto10signeduponWeibowiththenickname“frogprincessGuAiling,”andshehaspostedsomepicturesofherdifferentskiing36(compete).ThenicknamecamefromGu’sfirsthelmetwhenshestartedskiing,37wasgreenandhadacrownandapinkhairpinonit,accordingtomediareports.GufirstwentintopublicviewonJune6,2019,whenshe38(announce)onWeibothatshewouldrepresentTeamChinaintheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.Inthesamemonth,Guchangedher39(register)nationalityfromtheUStoChinaontheofficialwebsiteoftheInternationalSnowFederation(FIS).Duetothesensitivityabout40(switch)nationalityandlackofattentiononwintersports,Gudidnotattractmuchen