(七)創(chuàng)新命題熱點——思辨性語篇題eq\a\vs4\al(滿分：42.5分；限時：30分鐘)[考情速遞]思辨素養(yǎng)是高考英語學科三大素養(yǎng)之一，指在使用英語進行交際或學習時獨立思考與判斷，運用科學思維方式發(fā)現問題、分析問題并解決問題的意識和能力。因此高考試題在選材中會選取一些考查思辨能力的說明文或議論文，旨在培養(yǎng)考生的辯證思維、批判性思維等高階思維能力。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分，共30分)A(2025·沈陽高三質檢)GermanphysicistAlbertEinsteinisoneofthemostfamousscientistsofalltime,thepersonificationofageniusandthesubjectofawholeindustryofscholarship.InTheEinsteinianRevolution,twoexpertsonEinstein'slifeandhistheoryofrelativity—IsraeliphysicistHanochGutfreundandGermanhistorianofscienceJürgenRenn—offeranoriginalandpenetrating(精辟的)analysisofEinstein'srevolutionarycontributionstophysicsandourviewofthephysicalworld.Forthefirsttimeever,bysettingEinstein'sworkinthelongcourseoftheevolutionofscientificknowledge,GutfreundandRenndiscoverthepopularmisconceptionaboutEinsteinasanunconventionalscientificgeniuswhocreatedmodernphysicssingle-handedlyandbypurethoughtalone.Asalargepartofthebookexplains,Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast.Hesawhistheoryofrelativitynotassomethingfromscratch,butanaturalextensionoftheclassicalphysicsdevelopedbypioneerssuchasItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiandEnglishphysicistIsaacNewtoninthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,aswellasnineteenth-centuryphysicists.TheauthorshighlighthowclassicalphysicscannotbeseparatedcleanlyfrommodernEinsteinianphysics.ThebookalsoincludessubstantialsectionsonPolishastronomerNicolausCopernicusandGalileowhosemethodsinspiredEinstein.WhenEinsteinconsideredhimselfasstandingontheirshoulders,hemeantthat,withouttheircontributions,hewouldnothaveformulated(認真闡述)thetheoryofrelativity.TheEinsteinianRevolutionisanimportantandthought-provokingcontributiontothescholarlyliteratureonEinsteinandhissurprisingscientificcreativitybetween1905and1925.GutfreundandRennmightnothavegiventhefinalanswerastowhyEinstein,ofallpeople,revolutionizedphysicsinthewaythathedid.Buttheyargueinfascinatingdetailthat,tounderstandhisgenius,onemusttakeintoaccountnotjusttheearlierhistoryofphysicsbutalsothehistoryofknowledgemorebroadly.Althoughnotalwaysaneasyread,thebookwillinterestphysicistsandhistoriansalike.1．What'stheattitudeofGutfreundandRenntothepopularviewpointonEinstein?A．Opposing. B．Favorable.C．Ambiguous. D．Indifferent.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fromscratch”probablymean?A．Fromnothing.B．Uptoacertainstandard.C．Bylearningfromothers.D．Withpreviousknowledge.3．Whatdoestheauthormeantosaybymentioningthefamousphysicists?A．TheirideaswererejectedbyEinstein.B．TheirdevotiontophysicsimpressedEinstein.C．TheirresearchcontributedtoEinstein'ssuccess.D．Theirhardworkdeservedtheworldwiderespect.4．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Aguidebooktoacourse.B．Anintroductiontoabook.C．AnessayonAlbertEinstein.D．Areviewofphysicsdevelopment.B(2025·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)高三調研)Inrecentyears,muchofmylifeasaconsumerhasshiftedtowhatIliketocallbackgroundspending.AsI'vesubscribedtomoreappsandstreamingplatforms,significantsumsofmymoneytendtoslipawayeachmonthwithoutmyeverthinkingaboutit.Thinkofitasautomatedtrade.Spendingwithoutthetroubleofspending.Acquisitionwithoutaction.Orthought.Butwhilethisfloodofsubscriptionswassoldtomeontheconditionthatitwouldmakemylifemoretrouble-free,therewasacertainshockIfeltupondiscoveringhowmuchIwasspendingwithoutrealizingeachmonth.Yousee,thethingaboutbackgroundspendingisthatittendstohappen,well,inthebackgroundwithoutyourfullattention.Andthereliesthepoint.“Handoveryourcreditcarddetailsandletustakecareoftherest，”thesecompaniespromiseus.Butbyagreeingtothistrade,we'vebecomelazypassiveconsumers.Andthislazinessbreeds(導致)morelazinessbecausemostofuscan'tbebotheredwithconductingregularreviewsofoursubscriptionspending.We'retoolazytoevennoticeorcancel!Iknowit'snotjustmewhoissuddenlylivinglifeasasmooth-brainedsubscriber.Theaverageconsumerspends$273permonthonsubscriptions,accordingtoa2021studyof2，500bydigitalservicesfirmWestMonroe.Notasinglepersonsurveyedknewwhattheiractualmonthlyspendingwas.It'sunderstandablewhythismodelissoattractivetobusinesses.Ascompaniesquestionedtraditionaladvertisingmodels,subscriptionsofferedthepromiseof“sellingonceandearningforever”．Andwhilesubscriptionserviceshavebeenaroundfordecades(thinkWineoftheMonthClub),morecustomershavebeenwillingtosignupthankstothewidespreadavailabilityofsmartphonesandtheincreasingeaseofhomedelivery.Whilethesesubscriptionspromiseeaseandhappiness,notallofusaresatisfied.Lastyear,theKearneyConsumerInstitutefound40percentofconsumersbelievetheyhavetoomanysubscriptions.Almosthalfofusalsothinkwepaytoomuchforstreamingvideo-on-demandsubscriptions.5．WhatcanweknowaboutbackgroundspendinginParagraph2?A．Itspurpose. B．Itsfeature.C．Itsprocedure. D．Itsrequirement.6．Whatmakesitpossibleforbackgroundspendingtohappen?A．Itsattractiveprice.B．Somepeople'spoorhabit.C．Itssecureservice.D．Somepeople'saddictiontoit.7．Whyisthesubscriptionmodelappealingtobusinesses?A．Itoffersgoodhomedeliveryservices.B．Itisliketraditionaladvertisingmodels.C．Itispopularamongsmartphoneproducers.D．Itbringsrepeatedprofitsthroughasinglesale.8．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsbackgroundspending?A．Supportive. B．Optimistic.C．Critical. D．Unclear.C(2025·高三濰坊統(tǒng)一考試)AstudybyDr.GailHeymanhasconfirmed4-and5-year-oldchildrenwhounderstandpeople'sbeliefscanbefalsearemorelikelytolieinexperimentsthanchildrenwhostillviewmindsascontainingdirectcopiesofreality.Whenresearchersgivechildrenexperiencestospeedupthedevelopmentoftheirunderstandingofthesubjectivenatureofbeliefs,thesechildrenbegintobeuntruthfulwhentheywouldnotyetotherwisedoso.Althoughlyingissomethingtobediscouraged,thechild'sunderlyinginsightintohowmindsworkisanimportantaccomplishment.InastudymycolleaguesandIconductedinmylaboratoryatNewYorkUniversity,weaskedchildrentoteachanotherchildhowtoturnonanewtoy.Thetoywouldbeturnedonwhencertainblocks—butnotothers—wereplacedontop.Sometimesweaskedchildrentoteachtheotherchildthewholetruthofhowthetoyworked;forinstance,thatallredblocks—regardlessoftheirshape—wouldturniton.Othertimesweaskedthemtotricktheotherchildintothinkingsomethingthatwasstillaccurate,butmorelimited;forexample,thattheredsquareswouldstartthetoy(butnotnecessarilytheotherredshapes).Childreninthisstudycarefullyconsideredboththeotherchild'sbeliefsandthemessageweaskedthemtocommunicatewhendecidingwhattodo.Childrenwhowereaskedtoteachthewholetruthoftenchosetoshowtheotherchildthataredcircleandaredsquarewouldbothturnonthetoy.Bychoosingtwodifferentshapes,theycommunicatedthatredblockswouldturnonthetoy,regardlessofshape.Thesechildrencouldhavechosentwoblocksofthesameshapeinstead,showingthattworedsquaresturnonthetoywouldalsohavebeenanaccuratedemonstration.Butthisinformationcouldhavegivenrisetothemistakenbeliefthatonlyredsquareswouldwork.Thechildrencleverlyavoidedshowingthistypeofmisleading(thoughstillaccurate)information.Instead,theysystematicallychosethesamplesthatconveyedaccuratemessagestotheirpartners.Incontrast,whenchildrenwereaskedtolie,theyoftenchosethetworedsquares.Childrenhadnoproblempickingtheblocksthatefficientlyconveyedthetrickymessagewhentheirgoalwastolie.Beingabletoguesswhatsomeoneelseisthinkingandbeingabletoknowhowtoinfluencesomeoneelse'sbeliefsareattherootoflying,butofeffectivecommunicationandsocialinteractionaswell.9．WhatmayturnchildrenintoliarsaccordingtoDr.GailHeyman?A．Limitedcontactwithnature.B．Insufficientparentalguidance.C．Frequentexposuretofalsebeliefs.D．Preciserecognitionofone'shiddenintention.10．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Toshowtheprocessoftheexperiment.B．Tocomparechildren'sdifferentbeliefs.C．Topresenttheresultoftheexperiment.D．Totellthedetailedplanoftheexperiment.11．Whichcanbestillustratetheunderlinedwords“accuratemessages”inParagraph3?A．Usingtworedcircles.B．Pickingouttworedsquares.C．Selectingaredblockinwhatevershape.D．Choosingtworedblocksofdifferentsizes.12．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetext?A．Liescannevercoverthetruth.B．Effectivecommunicationkillslies.C．Adultsaretoblamefortellinglies.D．Lyingmighthaveapositiveoutcome.Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(每小題2.5分，共12.5分)(2025·濟南高三模擬)Mostofushavebeenthere：Familiescanbeverydifficult,andfamilyproblemsareverypainful.1.Lifeistooshortforustowastetimeboggeddownwithnegativitytowardsthepeopleyoulove.Howyouapproachthefamilymemberandwhatyousaycanmakeabigdifference.Identifytherealproblem.2.Perhapsyouarestrugglingwithhealthproblemsorpersonalproblemsthatyouhavebeenhidingfromyourfamily.Ormaybeyouareallgrievingoveralovedonewhohaspassedaway.Considertherealissueathand,asthiswillallowyoutothenbetteraddressit.Waituntilyou'renotangrytodiscussthisproblem.Familyproblemscanbeverypainful,especiallyaroundfamily-centeredtimes,likeholidays.3.Waitingallowsyoutoapproachtheissuelogically,ratherthanemotionally.4．Keepyourlanguagepositivewhenyoutalktoyourfamily.Avoidusinglanguagethatputstheblameonanyofyourfamilymembersorthatfeelsnegative.Negativityisaviciouscycle.Accepteveryone'sfaultsincludingyourown.Theysaythatbloodisthickerthanwater,andthatyoucanchooseyourfriends,butnotyourfamily.5.A．Avoidtheblamegame.B．Acceptblamewhenyoudeserveit.C．Trytofigureoutwhatisindeedgoingon.D．Thatmeansavoidingjudgmentalwordsornamecallingofthefamilymember.E．However,therearewaystosolvefamilyproblemsandrestorepeacetothedynamics.F．Youmightbeabletocutpeopleout,butitcouldcauseyoumorepaindowntheroad.G．Youshouldtakeastepbackandgiveyourselfsometimetothinkbeforedealingwiththem.(七)創(chuàng)新命題熱點——思辨性語篇題參考答案Ⅰ.[語篇解讀]本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了一本書，在書里面兩位專家對愛因斯坦所取得的輝煌成就進行了另外一種詮釋——愛因斯坦所取得的成就離不開先驅者們的研究成果。1．A[觀點態(tài)度題。根據第二段“Forthefirsttime....GutfreundandRenndiscoverthepopularmisconception...andbypurethoughtalone”可知，這兩個專家首次通過整理在科學知識進化的漫長歷程中的愛因斯坦的作品，發(fā)現對于愛因斯坦大家都有一個錯誤的觀點，大家都錯誤地以為愛因斯坦完全單獨靠其純粹的思想創(chuàng)造了現代物理學。所以可推知，這兩個專家對關于愛因斯坦的流行觀點持否定態(tài)度。故選A項。]2．A[詞義猜測題。根據第三段的內容可知，這本書有很大一部分解釋了愛因斯坦認為科學的進步是通過穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展，而不是與過去革命性的決裂。他認為他的相對論不是橫空出世，而是一批先驅者研發(fā)的經典物理學的自然延伸。故選A項。A項“從零開始”，B項“高達某種標準”，C項“通過向他人學習”，D項“用以前的知識”。]3．C[推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，愛因斯坦認為自己的相對論不是橫空出世，而是十六世紀和十七世紀意大利天文學家GalileoGalilei和英國物理學家IsaacNewton等先驅以及十九世紀物理學家發(fā)展起來的經典物理學的自然延伸。所以作者提到這些著名的物理學家是為了說明愛因斯坦的成功受益于他們的研究成果。故選C項。]4．B[推理判斷題。根據全文尤其是第四段中的“Theauthorshighlight...Thebookalsoincludes”和第五段中的“Althoughnotalwaysaneasyread,thebookwillinterestphysicistsandhistoriansalike”可知，全文主要為讀者介紹了TheEinsteinianRevolution這本書，所以本文最有可能摘自圖書導語。故選B項。][語篇解讀]本文是議論文。文章討論了后臺消費現象，在這種消費模式中，消費者通過訂閱服務不知不覺花費了大量的錢。文章分析了這種模式對商家的吸引力，并提出了對此現象的批判看法。5．B[段落大意題。第二段提到了后臺消費可以被視為自動化的交易。不用主動掏錢就已消費，無須行動或思考就獲取了。綜合以上信息可知，第二段描述了后臺消費的特點。故選B項。]6．B[推理判斷題。根據第五段的“Butbyagreeingtothistrade,we'vebecomelazypassiveconsumers...We'retoolazytoevennoticeorcancel”可知，通過同意這種交易(訂閱服務)，人們變成了懶惰的被動消費者。這種懶惰導致了更多的懶惰，因為大多數人都不愿意定期審查訂閱支出。人們甚至都懶得注意或取消它們。由此可推斷，人們的不良習慣使得后臺消費成為可能，故選B。]7．D[推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段的“It'sunderstandablewhythismodelissoattractive...subscriptionsofferedthepromiseof‘sellingonceandearningforever’”可知，訂閱模式允許商家銷售一次，永久性地獲得收益，這對商家來說具有很大的吸引力。故選D項。]8．C[觀點態(tài)度題。結合第一段中作者對自己經歷的描述、最后一段的“notallofusaresatisfied...streamingvideo-on-demandsubscriptions”以及整篇文章中作者的語氣可知，后臺消費讓作者每月在不知不覺中花了不少錢，并不是所有人都對訂閱服務滿意，仍有很多人認為他們訂閱的東西太多了，為流媒體視頻點播訂閱支付太多費用了。由此可推斷，作者對后臺消費持批判態(tài)度。故選C項。][語篇解讀]本文是說明文。文章講述雖然說謊是不應該被鼓勵的，但孩子對思想如何運作的潛在洞察是一項重要的成就。能夠猜測別人在想什么，能夠知道如何影響別人的觀點，這是說謊的根源，但也是有效溝通和社會互動的基礎。9．D[細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的Dr.GailHeyman可將答案定位在文章第一段。第一段談到GailHeyman博士的一項研究證實，4歲和5歲的兒童如果認識到人們的觀點可能是錯誤的，那么他們在實驗中撒謊的可能性比那些仍然認為觀點直接反映現實的兒童更大。由此可知，準確識別他人隱藏意圖的孩子可能會成為說謊者。故選D。]10．A[寫作意圖題。文章第二段談到，在這項研究中，研究人員要求孩子們教另一個孩子如何打開一個新玩具。當把某些積木放在上面時，這個玩具就能被打開，而把其他積木放上去時則不會。然后根據該段中的“Sometimes...”“Otherti