Part1單元詞匯…………分類自測閱讀詞匯——語境識(shí)意1.moveupwards向上移動(dòng)2.afamouspyramid一座著名的金字塔3.anunchartedrock一塊地圖上沒有標(biāo)明的巖石4.thetropicalcyclonepath熱帶氣旋路徑5.thedownfalloftheancientcity這座古代城市的衰敗6.makeaquickgetaway迅速逃跑7.subduehisfears克制他的恐懼8.anetworkofoldcanals古老的運(yùn)河網(wǎng)9.acoralnecklace一串珊瑚項(xiàng)鏈10.thecontentsofshipwrecks沉船中的物品拓展詞匯——變形拼寫第一組：動(dòng)詞變形1.abandonv．離棄，逃離→abandonedadj.被遺棄的；放縱的2.buryv．將……埋在下面→burialn．埋葬；葬禮adj.埋葬的3.notev．注意；特別提到→notableadj.顯要的；顯著的；值得注意的→notablyadv.尤其；特別4.civilisev．使文明；教化→civilisationn．文明(社會(huì))→civilisedadj.文明的；開化的5.drillv．鉆(孔)；訓(xùn)練→drillingn．鉆探；勘探6.expandv．?dāng)U大，增加；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))→expansionn．?dāng)U大，增加7.investigatev．調(diào)查→investigationn．調(diào)查→investigatorn．調(diào)查者第二組：名詞變形8.astronomyn．天文學(xué)→astronomern．天文學(xué)家9.ruinn．殘?jiān)珨啾?，廢墟→ruinedadj.毀壞的；嚴(yán)重受損的eq\a\vs4\al()名詞后綴-ant表示“人”。①serve服務(wù)→servant仆人②inhabit居住在→inhabitant居民③apply申請(qǐng)→applicant申請(qǐng)人④assist幫助→assistant助手⑤attend照顧→attendant服務(wù)員⑥contest比賽→contestant參賽者⑦account賬戶；賬目→accountant會(huì)計(jì)⑧participate參加→participant參與者⑨consult咨詢→consultant顧問⑩immigrate移居；移民→immigrant移民；外僑核心詞匯——單句應(yīng)用1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)．..sinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigate(investigate)howspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange，Iwantedtoknow：Aretheyusable？2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)There'sonenotable(note)gapinmynew-mediaexperience，however...3.(2021·天津3月卷)Theseexpansions(expand)intonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.4.Somepoisonoussubstances(substance)areflowingintotheriversthataresourcesofourdrinking.5.Onedeadchildwasfoundintheruins(ruin)almosttwohoursaftertheexplosion.6.Civilisation(civilise)isthestateofhavinganadvancedlevelofsocialorganizationandacomfortablewayoflife.學(xué)生用書第297頁7.Aftermonthsofdrilling(drill)，oilwasfoundoffthecoast.8.Thegamewasalsonotable(note)fortheunexpectedbehavioroftheteam'smanager.9.Thekindwomandecidedtotakecareofthecatsabandoned(abandon).10.Togetmoreevidence，thelawyerinvestigatedmanywitnesses.Afterinvestigation，hegotsomeusefulproof.(investigate)11.Theyallagreedtoexpandthenewcompany，buttheexpansionwillcostthemalotofmoney.(expand)Part2短語句式……………教材精選Ⅰ.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空dealwith，apply...to...，allthemore，lookinto，setsail，setout，beequivalentto，runforone'slife，checkout，thinktwice，aswellas，testthewaters，correspondto，makeagetaway，throwoneselfinto，beyondthereachof，fallintoruin，ontopof，theunknown1．InJuan'sworld，theunknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.2．It'srequiredthatthecase(should)belookedintoassoonaspossible.3．Youshouldthinktwiceaboutemployingsomeoneyou'venevermet.4．Sheisusedtodealingwithallkindsofpeopleinherjob.5．Heplaysclassicalmusic,aswellaspopandjazz.6．Ifyouwanttopostonthisblog，checkouttheguidelineshere.7．Ourteachersthrowthemselvesintotheirworkofbringingupanewgeneration.8．Theysetoutearlyinthemorningtheotherdaytoexplorethenationalpark.9．Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruinaftertherevolution.10．Themoviewasallthemoreexcitingbecauseithadasurprisingtwistattheend.Ⅱ.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子我們隊(duì)贏得比賽的消息迅速傳播開來(that引導(dǎo)的同位語)。Thenewsthatourteamwonthegamespreadquickly.Part1核心詞匯……………多維練透bury(教材義)v．將……埋在下面；(補(bǔ)充義)v．埋頭于，專心于；把……插入(某物)(1)bury...in...把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……(2)buryone'sfaceinone'shands雙手掩面(3)buryoneselfin＝beburiedin(doing)sth埋頭于/專心于(做)某事①Withsomanypeopleburied(bury)undertheruins，noneoftherescueworkerswouldstoptohavearest.②Sinceshegraduated，mymotherhasburiedherself(she)inteaching，receivinghighpraise.③[讀后續(xù)寫之人物動(dòng)作描寫]父親雙手插在口袋里慢慢踱步進(jìn)來。Fatherpacedinslowly，withhishandsburiedinhispockets．④[中國元素]盡管面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)，但中國人民以他們的決心，埋頭追求知識(shí)和個(gè)人成長，知道教育是通往光明未來的關(guān)鍵。學(xué)生用書第298頁Despitefacingnumerouschallenges，theChinesepeople，withtheirdetermination，burythemselvesinthepursuitofknowledgeandpersonalgrowth，knowingthateducationisthekeytoabrighterfuture.ruin(教材義)n．殘?jiān)珨啾?，廢墟；(補(bǔ)充義)v．毀壞；破壞(1)lie/beinruins成為廢墟fallintoruin(因無人照料而)衰落，敗落bereducedtoruins淪為廢墟(2)ruinone'shealth/fame/future毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)/前途getruined被破壞/毀壞①Onreturningtothetown，theywereshockedtofindtheirneighborhoodinruins.②DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruining(ruin)theatmosphereofpeace?③Ifyoudo，youwon'tbeabletohandleitandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthatruins(ruin)everyone'sday.④[讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華句]你改變不了過去，但如果你憂慮未來，將會(huì)毀了現(xiàn)在。Youcan'tchangethepast，butyoucanruinthepresentbyworryingaboutthefuture．a(chǎn)bandon(教材義)v．離棄，逃離；(補(bǔ)充義)v．陷入，沉湎于；放棄；拋棄(1)abandononeselfto(doing)sth＝beabandonedto(doing)sth某人陷入/沉湎于(做)某事abandon(doing)sth放棄(做)某事(2)withabandon放縱地；放任地①(2022·全國乙卷)Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned(abandon).②Lackingself-discipline，theymayabandonthemselvestoplayingonlinegames.③[讀后續(xù)寫之情感場景描寫]我們盡情地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘卻了生活中的煩惱。Wesang，danced，andlaughedwithabandon，forgettingthetroublesinourlives.④這只小狗被遺棄了，它沿著路朝萊西家的小房子走去。Thepuppyhadbeen/wasabandoned，anditmadeitswaydowntheroadtowardtheLacey'ssmallhouse.checkout(教材義)調(diào)查，檢查；(補(bǔ)充義)結(jié)賬離開；察看checkspeed放慢速度checkin(在旅館、機(jī)場等)登記checksth(forsth)檢查；核查；檢驗(yàn)checkwith查明；查看；核實(shí)checkonsb/sth核實(shí)，檢查(是否一切正常)①IwasdisappointedtomissBryan，whohadjustcheckedout．②HehadcheckedinatAmsterdam'sSchipholairportforaflighttoManchester.③[讀后續(xù)寫之動(dòng)物細(xì)節(jié)描寫]蜜蜂放慢了前進(jìn)的速度，盤旋了一圈，然后慢慢地在鏡子般的水面上漂浮。Thebeecheckeditsforwardspeed，circledandthendriftedslowlyoverthemirror-likesurfaceofthepool.④[中國元素]在中國，一定要去看看熱鬧的街頭市場，在那里你可以沉浸在豐富多彩的景色和輕松的氛圍中，體驗(yàn)中國文化和美食的真正的魅力。WheninChina，makesuretocheckouttheactivestreetmarkets,whereyoucanburyyourselfinthecolorfulsightsandeasyatmosphere，experiencingtheauthenticcharmofChinesecultureandcuisine.setout(教材義)動(dòng)身踏上(漫長的)旅途；(補(bǔ)充義)出發(fā)；啟程；動(dòng)身setouttodosth開始做某事setabout(doing)sth著手/開始(做)某事setaside留出；把……放置一邊；不理會(huì)set...apartfrom使與眾不同；使突出setoff啟程；出發(fā)；引爆；激起①Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetouttofind(find)thewell-knownpainter.②Theysetaboutcleaningupthekitchenwhiletheirfatherhelpedmakethebreakfast.學(xué)生用書第299頁③[讀后續(xù)寫之人物心理描寫]帶著一顆充滿期待的心和一個(gè)裝滿必需品的背包，他開始了他的冒險(xiǎn)。Withaheartfullofexpectationandabackpackfullofnecessarystuff，hesetoutonhisadventure．④春假開始了，他們出發(fā)的時(shí)候，太陽正把天空染成橙色和金色。Asspringbreakbegan，theysetoutjustasthesunpaintedtheskywithcolorsoforangeandgold.Part2經(jīng)典句式……………寫作遷移句型公式：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句(1)that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，本身不作成分，沒有意義，僅起到引導(dǎo)從句的作用，不能省略。(2)同位語從句也可用whether，what，which，when，where，why，how等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在hope，wish，idea，news，fact，promise，opinion，suggestion，advice，truth，evidence，problem等名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。①Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.②Wewilldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime(是否按時(shí)舉辦運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)).③[應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信]如果你能接受我的建議并堅(jiān)持去做，毫無疑問你會(huì)從中獲得更多的利益。Ifyoucanacceptmysuggestionsandsticktothem，there'snodoubtthatyoucangainmorebenefitsfromit.④(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷讀后續(xù)寫)漸漸地，一段美好的友誼誕生了，它建立在信任、善良和一個(gè)簡單的信念的基礎(chǔ)上，即慷慨行為可以改變世界。Gradually，abeautifulfriendshipwasborn，builtonthefoundationoftrust，kindness，andthebeliefthatasimpleactofgenerositycanmakeaworldofdifference．Part3語境辨義……………舉一反三Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思)1．AtravelcompanyinHongKongsaysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.n.短假2．(2022·浙江1月卷)WhenBeverleyBurdeyneyturnedseventy-fourlastyear,shestartedhavingproblemswithhereyes,notablydrynessanddiscomfort.adv.非常；尤其3．Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.v.減少4．Attheendoftheyearshewasdismissed,cured.v.出院5．(2022·全國甲卷)PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK'stouringshows,theNewTheatreisCardiff'soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.n.精品，精華6．It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.n.浪潮7．Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.n.產(chǎn)物；結(jié)果Ⅱ.一詞多義(選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義)1．buryA．v.使專注于，使忙于 B．v.掩藏，隱藏C．v.埋葬，掩埋 D．v.使沉沒，使陷入①Afterthestorm，thebeachwasburiedunderseveralfeetofsand.C②Theshipwasburiedintheoceanafterithittheiceberg.D③Shetriedtoburyherfeelings，buttheyweretoostrong.B學(xué)生用書第300頁2．ruinA．n.廢墟 B．v.使失去價(jià)值或美麗C．v.破壞 D．v.使破產(chǎn)①Therainruinedtheoutdoorwedding.C②Gamblingcanruinapersonfinancially.D③Theearthquakeleftthecityinruins.AⅠ.語篇語境綜合練(語境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練)Whentheteamsetoutontheirtripintotheunknown，theyhadlittleideawhattheymightfind.Theywerepartofan1.archaeological(archaeology)investigation，hopingtouncovera2.buried(bury)civilizationthathadfallenintoruinmanycenturiesbefore.Theprofessor，a3.notable(note)figureinarchaeology，hadwarnedthemtothinktwiceaboutthedangers，buttheywereeagertotestthewaters.Onemorning，theydiscoveredanold，4.abandoned(abandon)village.Itwaslikeascenefromamovie.Theywantedtoexploreeverycorner，buttheprofessoradvisedthem5.tosteer(steer)clearoftheunstablebuildings.Instead，theydecidedtocheckoutthesurroundingcaves.Legendhaditthattreasureswerehiddensomewherearound.Asthey6.drilled(drill)intooneofthecavewalls，theyheardasuddennoise.Somethingdidn'tfeelright.They7.threw(throw)themselvesintothemissionbutknewtheymightneedtomakeagetawayatanymoment.Suddenly，theyrealizedtheyneededtorunfortheirlifeasrocksstartedtofall.Theteam8.retreated(retreat)fast，feelingthetruedangeroftheirquest.Backatthebasecamp，theydiscussedtheadventure.Despitetheclosecall，noneofthemfeltthe9.dismissal(dismiss)oftheirmission.Theyknewtheywouldtestthewatersagain.The10.expansion(expand)oftheirknowledgeaboutthisburiedpastwastooexcitingtogiveup.Eachmembereagerlyawaitedthenextstepintotheunknown，eagertouncovereveryhiddensecret.Ⅱ.真題難句拓展練(剖析長句——精準(zhǔn)翻譯)1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued，IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.[剖析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Ididwhat...。as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，could后省略了do；that引導(dǎo)定語從句。[翻譯]然而，隨著減少浪費(fèi)的幾個(gè)月的繼續(xù)，我盡力做了我力所能及的事情。2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Now，everyyearwhenmyhusbandpullsourcamperoutofthegarage，wearefilledwithasenseofexcitement，wonderingwhatcampingfunandadventurewewillexperiencenext.[剖析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子主干為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)wearefilledwith...；when引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞everyyear;what從句作wondering的賓語，從句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)wewillexperience(whatcampingfunandadventure)。[翻譯]現(xiàn)在，每年當(dāng)我丈夫從車庫里開出露營車時(shí)，我們都興奮不已，不知道接下來我們會(huì)經(jīng)歷什么樣的露營樂趣和冒險(xiǎn)旅程。學(xué)生用書第301頁Ⅰ.應(yīng)用文寫作增分練——探索未知(關(guān)于“Exploringtheunknown”的話題討論)結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫作并背誦。[基礎(chǔ)語料]單元詞匯intrigue，bury，astronomy，expansion,checkout，theunknown，setout，throwoneselfinto，lookinto，thinktwice，furthermore，notable經(jīng)典句型stimulating/throwing/pushing動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語；as引導(dǎo)狀語從句；that引導(dǎo)定語從句[情境呈現(xiàn)]你校英文報(bào)正在開展以“Exploringtheunknown”為題的討論。請(qǐng)以此為題寫一篇短文投稿，描述人類探索未知所付出的努力。[思路點(diǎn)撥]人稱以第二人稱為主時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)為主內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)線索第一段引出主題(探索未知)→第二段具體介紹所付出的努力和成就[寫作輸出]ExploringtheunknownExploringtheunknownhasalwaysintriguedme，(1)stimulatingapassiontolookintothemysteriousworldandbeyond(激發(fā)了我探索神秘世界和世界之外的激情；lookinto；stimulating動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語).(2)Aswesetoutonthisgrandadventure，wecheckoutthemysteriesthatsurroundus,throwingourselvesintotheexpansionofhumanknowledge(當(dāng)我們踏上這一偉大的冒險(xiǎn)之旅時(shí)，我們探索著周圍的奧秘，全身心地投入到人類知識(shí)的拓展中去；setout，checkout，throwoneselfinto;as引導(dǎo)狀語從句，throwing動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語).Theattemptoftheunknownmotivatesustodigintothedepthsoftheocean，thefarthestreachesofspace，andthecomplexityofthemicroscopicworld.Itmakesusthinktwiceaboutourplaceintheuniverseand(3)fuelsourcuriositytouncoverthesecretsthatnaturehaskepthiddenforcenturies(激發(fā)我們的好奇心去揭開大自然隱藏了許多世紀(jì)的秘密；that引導(dǎo)定語從句).Furthermore，notableachievementsinscienceandtechnologyoftenarisefromthisstrongdesiretoexplore，(4)pushingthefrontiersofwhatweknowandopeningdoorstonewpossibilities(推動(dòng)我們所知的前沿，并打開通向新的可能性的大門；pushing動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語).[變式表達(dá)]根據(jù)提示完成句子，使之與句(2)意義一致。Startingonthisgreatjourney，welookintothepuzzlesaroundus，deeplyjoiningintheeffortstoexpandhumanknowledge.Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫微點(diǎn)練——鼓勵(lì)大家參加合唱比賽(表揚(yáng)贊賞)[基礎(chǔ)語料]詞匯praise表揚(yáng)compliment稱贊admire欽佩appreciate感激acclaim歡呼honor尊敬celebrate慶祝giveathumbsup點(diǎn)贊speakhighlyof高度評(píng)價(jià)beallpraisefor對(duì)……贊不絕口句式standing動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語；形容詞短語作狀語；what引導(dǎo)賓語從句學(xué)生用書第302頁細(xì)節(jié)描寫1.Thecompanyappreciatesyourhardworkanddedication.公司感激你的辛勤工作和奉獻(xiàn)。2.Thescientistwashonoredforhiscontributionstothefield.這位科學(xué)家因其對(duì)該領(lǐng)域的貢獻(xiàn)而受到尊敬。3.Thecommunitygaveathumbsuptothenewparkdesign.社區(qū)對(duì)新公園的設(shè)計(jì)給予了高度評(píng)價(jià)。4.Hislatestnovelisbeingspokenhighlyofbycritics.他的最新小說受到了評(píng)論家的高度評(píng)價(jià)。5.Thestudentswereallpraisefortheengaginglecture.學(xué)生們對(duì)這次引人入勝的講座贊不絕口。[情境呈現(xiàn)](2025·河北適應(yīng)卷·讀后續(xù)寫)學(xué)校里即將舉行一年一度的合唱比賽，大家都很興奮和期待→作為班長，主人公感到有責(zé)任召集同學(xué)們參加合唱團(tuán)→一些同學(xué)猶豫不決，但主人公沒有放棄→主人公努力說服同學(xué)們參加，強(qiáng)調(diào)團(tuán)隊(duì)參與的重要性→一些學(xué)生承諾嘗試→排練過程充滿歡笑，有時(shí)也有挫折，但大家內(nèi)心仍認(rèn)為自己可能表現(xiàn)最差→他們上臺(tái)之前，音樂老師Mrs.Wood將大家聚集在一起，鼓勵(lì)他們→老師的話讓大家理解了表演的真正意義→音樂開始時(shí)，他們發(fā)自內(nèi)心地唱歌→……[思路點(diǎn)撥]文體：記敘文人稱：第一人稱時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)為主續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給首句Whentheperformanceended，ourheadmastersteppedontothestage.可知，接下來要寫校長對(duì)合唱團(tuán)的表演給予評(píng)價(jià)和鼓勵(lì)。[寫作輸出]Whentheperformanceended，ourheadmastersteppedontothestage.(1)Standingonthestage，hepresentedhisappreciationtousforouractivelytakingpartinthecompetition(他站在舞臺(tái)上，感謝我們積極參加比賽；standing動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語)，andcongratulatedusonoursuccessfullyperformingthewholesong.(2)Excitedandthrilled，westudentsapplaudedwarmly，showingourapprovalforhim(我們同學(xué)們激動(dòng)不已，熱烈鼓掌，表示對(duì)他的支持；形容詞短語作狀語)andexpressingthankstoourselvesforourjointefforts.(3)Fornow，wewerenotconcernedaboutwhatresultswewouldget，butenjoyedthepreciousmomentonthestage(現(xiàn)在，我們不關(guān)心我們會(huì)得到什么結(jié)果，而是享受在舞臺(tái)上的寶貴時(shí)刻；what引導(dǎo)賓語從句).(4)Withourwarmapplauseandcheers，theheadmastersteppedoffthestagewithsatisfaction(在我們熱烈的掌聲和歡呼聲中，校長滿意地走下了舞臺(tái)).[變式表達(dá)]增加修飾語使最后一句表達(dá)更加豐富多彩(gracefully，thunderous，beamwithprideandasenseofaccomplishment，enthusiastic)。Amidstthethunderousapplauseandenthusiasticcheersthatfilledtheauditorium，ourheadmaster，beamingwithprideandasenseofaccomplishment，gracefullysteppeddownfromthestage.單元測評(píng)41Unit5Intotheunknowneq\a\vs4\al(\f(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生,用書P439))(時(shí)間：30分鐘滿分：35分)(本欄目內(nèi)容在學(xué)生用書中以活頁形式分冊(cè)裝訂！)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(本題共8個(gè)小題；每小題2.5分，共20分)A(2025·沈陽市質(zhì)檢)GermanphysicistAlbertEinsteinisoneofthemostfamousscientistsofalltime,thepersonificationofgeniusandthesubjectofawholeindustryofscholarship.InTheEinsteinianRevolution,twoexpertsonEinstein'slifeandhistheoryofrelativity—IsraeliphysicistHanochGutfreundandGermanhistorianofscienceJürgenRenn—offeranoriginalandpenetrating(犀利的)analysisofEinstein'srevolutionarycontributionstophysicsandourviewofthephysicalworld.Forthefirsttimeever,bysettingEinstein'sworkinthelongcourseoftheevolutionofscientificknowledge,GutfreundandRenndiscoverthepopularmisconceptionofEinsteinasanunconventionalscientificgeniuswhosingle-handedlycreatedmodernphysics—andbypurethoughtalone.Asalargepartofthebookexplains,Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast.Hesawhistheoryofrelativitynotassomethingfromscratch,butanaturalextensionoftheclassicalphysicsdevelopedbypioneerssuchasItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiandEnglishphysicistIsaacNewtoninthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,aswellasnineteenth-centuryphysicists.TheauthorshighlighthowclassicalphysicscannotbeseparatedcleanlyfrommodernEinsteinianphysics.ThebookalsoincludessubstantialsectionsonPolishastronomersNicolausCopernicusandGalileo,whosemethodsinspiredEinstein.WhenEinsteinconsideredhimselfasstandingontheirshoulders,hemeantthat,withouttheircontributions,hewouldnothaveformulated(闡述)thetheoryofrelativity.TheEinsteinianRevolutionisanimportantandthought-provokingcontributiontothescholarlyliteratureonEinsteinandhissurprisingscientificcreativitybetween1905and1925.GutfreundandRennmightnothavegiventhefinalanswerastowhyEinstein,ofallpeople,revolutionizedphysicsinthewaythathedid.Buttheyargueinfascinatingdetailthat,tounderstandhisgenius,onemusttakeintoaccountnotjusttheearlierhistoryofphysicsbutalsothehistoryofknowledgemorebroadly.Althoughnotalwaysaneasyread,thebookwillinterestphysicistsandhistoriansalike.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章是對(duì)一本書的介紹，書中主要介紹了以色列物理學(xué)家HanochGutfreund和德國科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家JürgenRenn對(duì)科學(xué)家愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論和眾人對(duì)物理世界的普遍看法所做的評(píng)論。1．What'stheattitudeofGutfreundandRenntothepopularviewpointonEinstein?A．Opposing. B．Favorable.C．Ambiguous. D．Indifferent.答案：A解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段“...GutfreundandRenndiscoverthepopularmisconceptionofEinsteinasanunconventionalscientificgeniuswhosingle-handedlycreatedmodernphysics—andbypurethoughtalone.”可知，Gutfreund和Renn認(rèn)為大家普遍的想法是錯(cuò)誤的，所以應(yīng)是持反對(duì)態(tài)度。故選A。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fromscratch”probablymean?A．Fromnothing.B．Uptoacertainstandard.C．Bylearningfromothers.D．Withpreviousknowledge.答案：A解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞組下文“butanaturalextensionoftheclassicalphysicsdevelopedbypioneers”可知，上文提到的科學(xué)家們的研究對(duì)愛因斯坦的成功具有一定的貢獻(xiàn)，所以此處是指愛因斯坦認(rèn)為自己的相對(duì)論不是從零開始的，而是經(jīng)典物理學(xué)的自然延伸。由此可知，畫線詞組意為“從零開始”。故選A。3．Whatdoestheauthormeantosaybymentioningfamousphysicists?A．TheirideaswererejectedbyEinstein.B．TheirdevotiontophysicsimpressedEinstein.C．TheirresearchcontributedtoEinstein'ssuccess.D．Theirhardworkdeservedtheworldwiderespect.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，愛因斯坦認(rèn)為自己的相對(duì)論不是從頭開始的東西，而是16世紀(jì)和17世紀(jì)意大利天文學(xué)家伽利略和英國物理學(xué)家牛頓以及19世紀(jì)物理學(xué)家發(fā)展起來的經(jīng)典物理學(xué)的自然延伸。由此可推知，作者提及著名的物理學(xué)家是為了說明科學(xué)家們的研究對(duì)愛因斯坦的成功具有一定的貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。4．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Aguidebooktoacourse.B．Anintroductiontoabook.C．AnessayonAlbertEinstein.D．Areviewofphysicsdevelopment.答案：B解析：文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段中的“InTheEinsteinianRevolution,twoexpertsonEinstein'slifeandhistheoryofrelativity”和第三段中的“Asalargepartofthebookexplains...”，以及第四段中的“Thebookalsoincludes...”可推知，本文極有可能出自一本書的簡介。故選B。B(2025·福州質(zhì)檢)Humanshavesailedtheoceans'surfacesformillennia,buttheirdepthsremaineffectivelyuncharted.Onlyaboutaquarteroftheseafloorhasbeenmappedathighresolution.Mapsofmostregionsdisplayonlyapproximatedepthsandoftenmissentireunderwatermountainsorcanyons.Soresearchershaveintroducedsomedeep-divingexperts:ElephantSeals.ScientistshavebeenplacingtrackersonthemaroundAntarcticaforyears,gatheringdataonoceantemperature.Foranewstudy,theresearcherscomparedthesedivers'locationanddepthdatawithsomeofthelessdetailedseafloormaps.Theyspottedplaceswherethesealsdovedeeperthanshouldhavebeenpossibleaccordingtothemaps—meaningtheexistingdepthestimateswereinaccurate.IneasternAntarctica'sVincennesBay,thedivingsealshelpedthescientistsfindalarge,hiddenunderwatercanyonofmorethanamileindepth.AnAustralianresearchshipcalledtheRSVNuyinalatermeasuredthecanyon'sexactdepthusingsonar(聲吶),andtheresearchershaveproposednamingtheirfindtheMirounga-NuyinaCanyon—honoringboththeshipandtheinvolvedElephantSeals,genusMirounga.Butsealscan'tcharttheentireoceanfloor.Thetrackersusedinthestudycouldpinpointaseal'sgeographicallocationonlywithinabout1.5miles,whichallowsforusefulbutnotexactlyhigh-resolutiondata.Plus,becausethesealsdon'talwaysdivetothebottomoftheocean,theycanrevealonlywherethebottomisdeeperthaninexistingmaps—notshallower.Deep-searesearchexpertssuggestimprovingonthesedatabyusingmoreprecisetrackingdevicesandanalyzingtheseals'divingpatternstodeterminewhethertheyhavereachedtheseafloororsimplystoppedgoingdown.Thepotentialuseofthecurrentseal-divedataistogatherinformationaboutthedeepoceanaroundAntarctica,specificallyregardingthelocationanddepthofseafloorcanyons.ThisdatacanbevaluableforpredictinghowAntarctica'sicewillmelt.Byunderstandingthepresenceandcharacteristicsofthesecanyons,scientistscanbetterassesshowwarmerwaterfromthedeepoceanflowstowardstheicealongthecontinent'scoast.ThisknowledgeiscrucialforaccuratelymodelingandpredictingthefuturebehaviorofAntarctica'sicesheetsandtheircontributiontothesea-levelrise.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了裝備有跟蹤器的象海豹協(xié)助研究人員繪制未被探索的海洋深處，揭示南極洲的Mirounga-Nuyina峽谷等的隱藏特征。盡管存在局限性，它們的數(shù)據(jù)加強(qiáng)了對(duì)南極冰蓋融化和海平面上升預(yù)測的理解。5．Howdidtheresearchersfindoutthedepthinaccuracies?A．Bygatheringtemperaturedata.B．Withthehelpofseals'diving.C．Byimprovingresolutionofmaps.D．Withthetrackersplacedoncanyons.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“theresearcherscomparedthesedivers'locationanddepthdata...sealsdovedeeper...meaningtheexistingdepthestimateswereinaccurate”可知，研究人員將這些潛水海豹的位置和深度數(shù)據(jù)與一些不太詳細(xì)的海底地圖進(jìn)行了比較，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)海豹潛入的深度超出了地圖上應(yīng)有的深度。由此可知，研究人員是在海豹潛水的幫助下，發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有的深度估計(jì)是不準(zhǔn)確的。故選B。6．WhyisthediscoveryofMirounga-NuyinaCanyonmentioned?A．Toprovidemorereferencedata.B．Tointroduceanewtopic.C．Togivesupportingevidence.D．Tomakeacomparison.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。結(jié)合第二段最后一句可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了誤差，通讀第三段可知，該段主要在介紹佐證這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的示例，即通過Mirounga-NuyinaCanyon的具體例子來進(jìn)一步確定峽谷的準(zhǔn)確深度。由此可推知，提到Mirounga-Nuyina的發(fā)明是為了提供支持證據(jù)。故選C。7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Researcherscanassessoceanfeatures.B．Datacanbeusedtotracktheicelocation.C．Underwaterflowcanbecontrolled.D．Scientistscanmonitoricemelting.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Byunderstandingthepresenceandcharacteristicsofthesecanyons，scientistscanbetterassess...foraccuratelymodelingandpredictingthefuturebehaviorofAntarctica'sicesheetsandtheircontributiontothesea-levelrise”可知，通過了解這些峽谷的存在和特征，科學(xué)家可以更好地評(píng)估來自深海的溫暖海水如何流向大陸沿岸的冰層。這些知識(shí)對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確建模和預(yù)測南極洲冰蓋的未來行為及其對(duì)海平面上升的貢獻(xiàn)至關(guān)重要。由此可推知，科學(xué)家通過了解這些峽谷的存在和特征可以監(jiān)測冰的融化。故選D。8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Sealsassistscientistsinchartingoceanfloor.B．Sealsadvancetrackingdevices'precision.C．Scientistsdrawinspirationfromseals.D．Scientistsuncoverseals'divingpatterns.答案：A解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了裝備有跟蹤器的象海豹協(xié)助研究人員繪制未被探索的海洋深處