專題限時集訓(xùn)(二十一)閱讀理解詞義猜測題(對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第157頁)加★的為詞義猜測題A(2017·蘇北四市高三一模)WithApple'siPhone7andGoogle'snewPixelphonesputtingsuchanemphasisonpowerfulcameratechnology，smartphonever.Andraphyismorepowerfulthanever.Andwhilephonestypicallyhavegreatbuilt-inphotographyapps，manyotheroptionscanbeeasierorexpandyourrange.devices.UsinganexcellentoptionforiOSdevices.Usingthisappfeelslikeraisingasinglelenseye.Withamera(單反相機(jī))toyoureye.Withafewtapsonthescreen，youcandisplayagridtohelpposeashotproperlyandaguidetowarnifyourpositionistiltedbe.Thereucanalsocontrolthewhitebalanceandbringupalivehistogram(直方圖)thatshowshowstrongthecolorsinthefinalphotowillbe.Therearequickaccessbuttonstoshootinvideooption.Mostdynamicrangeorothermodesandthere'sevenabarcodescanneroption.MostimpressiveisProCamera'santi-shakefeature，whichwaitsforyoutostoshutter.Ineforeitactivatestheshutter.Inthesettingsmenuimages.Incontrolmostoftheapp'sfeaturesandselecthowmuchpressionisappliedtothefinalsavedimages.Inotherwords，theappgivesusersprofessionallevelcontrolofanimage.Becauseofitsplexityhave.Theeach.Itsawhiletogetusedto，andtheexactfeaturesdependonwhichiPhoneyouhave.Theappcosts$5andsomefeatures，likealowlightmodetohelpshootbetterpicturesatnight，areupgradesthatcostafewdollarseach.It'sdefinitelyworthit.OnAndroid，oneappequivalentFV5.ThisameraisCameraFV5.Thisappalsofeelslikeusingasingle-control.Cameramera，withsimilarmanualcontrol.CameraFV5includesfeatureslikealivehistogram，burstmodeshooting,exposureimagery.Itandtimelapseimagery.Italsoofferschoicesoverthekindoffilesitsavestoyourdevice,page.Unlikeomprehensivesettingspage.UnlikesomeotherAndroidcameraapps，CameraFV5hasaprofessional-interface.Iteasytouseinterface.Itcosts$4.photographers.Thereortraitorlandscapephoto，Adobe'ssoftwareisthechoiceofprofessionalphotographers.Thereisaversionformobiledevicestoo—AdobePhotoshopFix—whichletsyouhealanimage'sdefect，adjustshadowintensity，fixthecontrasteffects.Masteringeffects.MasteringthefeaturesofPhotoshopFixwilltaketime，butyourfinalimagesdon'tlooktooartificialwiththeapplicationofPhotoshopFix.Itsinterfaceissometimesconfusing，buttheapphasbuilt-inhelpand，bestofall，isfreeforbothiOSandAndroid.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了三款可以用在智能手機(jī)上的圖片處理應(yīng)用軟件。1．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Tointroducesomepowerfulsmartphonephotographyapps.B．Toadvertisesomeappsforyoursmartphonephotography.C．Toshowthefeaturesofsomebuilt-inappsofphotography.D．Topromoteadvancedcameratechnologyofsmartphones.A[考查作者意圖。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了三款供智能手機(jī)使用的圖片處理應(yīng)用軟件：ProCamera、CameraFV5以及AdobePhotoshopFix。故選A。]2．WhatcanwelearnaboutProCamera?A．Itcanbeasingle-lensreflexcameratoyoureye.B．Itcanadjustthelighteffectsofthefinalimage.C．Itcanbeupdatedautomaticallyuponthepurchase.D．Itcaninformusersofimagesbeingtooplex.B[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第四句話可知，用戶使用這款軟件處理圖片的話，可以控制最終成像的顏色亮度，即可以調(diào)節(jié)最終圖片的光效。故選B。]★3.Theunderlinedword“equivalent”inParagraph4means________．A．parableB．familiarC．relevantD．suitedA[考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中講述的Pro-Camera的軟件屬性及第四段中講述的CameraFV5的軟件特點(diǎn)可知，畫線詞所在句表示的是CameraFV5和ProCamera的軟件功能相同，畫線詞意為“相同的”，故選A。]4．Ifyouwanttomakeyourphototrue-to-life，youturnto________．A．a(chǎn)nti-shaketechnologyB．Adobe'ssoftwareC．a(chǎn)livehistogramD．built-inhelpB[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話中的“...butyourfinalimagesdon'tlooktooartificialwiththeapplicationofPhotoshopFix.”可知，用Adobe的軟件PhotoshopFix處理的圖片顯得更加真實(shí)，故選B。]B【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：】(2017·鹽城市高三三模)Aconversationinwhichneitherpartyislisteningtotheotherwasclassifiedasa“duologue”byAbrahamKaplan，aphilosopherwhodiedin1993.Aduologue，hesuggested，ismorethanamonologuebutlessthanadialogue.Multiplyaduologuebyaroomfulofpeople，hejokinglyadded，andyouhaveaconference.Twopsychologistshavenowgivenhisideassomesubstance，byshowingthatpeopledoindeedoftenfailtonoticewhentheconversationstheyareengagedinhavebeentemporarilyreducedtononsense.BrunoGalantucciofYeshivaUniversityinNewYorkandGarethRobertsofHaskinsLaboratoriesinNewHaven，Connecticut，areinterestedinhowandwhylanguagesevolve.Themainstreamviewofwhypeoplemunicateisthattheyaretryingtotransmitinformationfaithfully.The“information”maynotbetrue，ofcourse.Butevenlies，thisviewholds，aretoldinthehopethattheywillbeunderstood.Sometimesfaithfultransmissionisindeedtheintention，aswhenapilotmunicates，accordingtostrictrules，withacontroltower.AccordingtoDrGalantucciandDrRoberts，however，transmittinginformationefficientlytakesalotofeffortandistheexceptionratherthantherule.Innormalconversation，theyreportinapaperinPLOSONE，peoplearesurprisinglydeaftoincoherence．Theydemonstratedthisbyaskingpairsofstudentvolunteerstochatusinganinstantmessagingprogram.Thesevolunteers，whohadnevermet，didsosittinginseparaterooms.Theyweregiventhetaskofidentifyingthedifferencesincolourbetweentwoversionsofacartoon(eachcouldseeonlyoneversion)．Unbeknowntothem，though，anotherpairwereperformingthesametaskatthesametime，withadifferentcartoon.Whilethetwoconversationsweregoingon，theresearchersswitchedbetweenthemsothatastudentwouldsuddenlyandwithoutwarningfindhimselfchattingtosomeonefromtheotherpair.Therewerefoursuchcrossingsduringthe15-minuteexperimentalperiod，eachlasting30seconds.Afterwardsthevolunteerswereaskedtoestablishiftheyhadnoticedanythingstrangeabouttheirconversation.Havingrepeatedtheexperimentwithvariationstoallowforthefactthatstudentswhovolunteerforpsychologyexperimentstendtobecautiousaboutdirtytricks，DrGalantucciandDrRobertsreportedthatbetween27%and42%ofparticipantsdidnotnoticethattheirconversationshadbeenswitched.Instead，thoseparticipantshadsimplytalkedinaconfusedwayregardless.Ofcourse，exchanginginstantmessagesisnotquitethesameastalking，sothetworesearchershavenotdefinitivelyprovedthatmanydialoguesareactuallyduologues.Butthisresearchcertainlyaddstothesuspicionthatevensupposedlypurposefulmunicationoftenisn't.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普說明文。主要介紹了關(guān)于“duologue”現(xiàn)象的研究。5．AccordingtoAbrahamKaplan，aduologue________．A．canruinaconferenceB．oftenoccursamongacrowdofpeopleC．providesinstantfeedbackD．isaninattentiveconversationbetweenpeopleD[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段的第一句和第二句“Aconversationinwhichneitherpartyislisteningtotheotherwasclassifiedasa‘duologue’byAbrahamKaplan，aphilosopherwhodiedin1993.Aduologue，hesuggested，ismorethanamonologuebutlessthanadialogue.”可知，“duologue”是交談雙方注意力不集中的談話。故選D項(xiàng)。]6．It'sgenerallybelievedthatpeoplemunicateto________．A．leadotherstobelieveliesB．explorethefaithfulinformationC．conveyinformationtoeachotherD．distinguishfaithfulinformationfromliesC[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Themainstreamviewofwhypeoplemunicateisthattheyaretryingtotransmitinformationfaithfully.”可知，人們交流的目的是如實(shí)地傳達(dá)信息。故選C項(xiàng)。]★7.Theunderlinedword“incoherence”inParagraph2meanssomethingthat________．A．speakerscan'texpresspreciselyB．goesoffthesubjectoftheconversationC．isabstractanddifficulttounderstandD．speakersdon'tpreparelistenerstounderstandB[考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句“AccordingtoDrGalantucciandDrRoberts，however，transmittinginformationefficientlytakesalotofeffortandistheexceptionratherthantherule.Innormalconversation...peoplearesurprisinglydeaftoincoherence．”可知，人們在正常的交談中絲毫不能察覺到?jīng)]有邏輯的內(nèi)容，即偏離交談主題的內(nèi)容，incoherence表示“偏離主題，沒有連貫性，無邏輯性”。故選B項(xiàng)。]8．Whatcanwelearnfromthepsychologyexperiments?A．Morethanhalfofthesubjectstalkedinaconfusedway.B．Ittakesalotofefforttoconveyinformationclearly.C．Peopleareabletorealizethenonsenseintheirmunication.D．Theexperimentsprovethatpurposefulmunicationdoesn'texist.B[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容和文章最后一句可知，這一研究確實(shí)加深了一種猜測，那就是即使是據(jù)稱有目的的交流往往也并非如此。這進(jìn)一步證明了第二段的一個觀點(diǎn)：transmittinginformationefficientlytakesalotofeffortandistheexceptionratherthantherule。故選B項(xiàng)。]C【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：】(江蘇省名校高三入學(xué)摸底卷(考點(diǎn)卷二))Asurveysuggeststhat，formostofuswhohaveeverhadapetpanion，thereisnodoubtthatmammals(哺乳動物)andbirdsareemotionalcreatures，sharingemotionswithmultiplespeciesandnotjusttheirown.Itwasonlyin2012thatscientistsfinallyagreedthatnonhumananimalsareconsciousbeings.Meanwhile，inthelaboratory，wehaveonlyjustdiscoveredthatdogsdisplayimmenselyplex，humanlikeemotionslikejealousy，andweareonlyjustinterpretinghowcowsexpresspositiveemotionsthroughtheireyes.Butwhataboutinsects?Anexperimentwascarriedoutonourall-importantflowerlovingfriends，honeybees.Asoncediscussed，emotionsinfluenceourperceptionsandbehavior，whichcanevenleadtoempathy(移情)．Soimaginethatyourhousehasjustbeenbrokenintobyburglarsandyouarefeelingshocked，upset，andreallyangry.You'resomad，infact，thatdespiteyourfriendstryingtodoandsayeverythingpossibletocheeryouup，youfeelsopessimisticthatyousimplyseethebadsideineverything.Infact，you'resoupsetthatevenyourfavoritefoodseemstotallyunappetizing.Well，this_is_exactly_what_happened_with_the_bees．Thepoorguyswereshovedintoavortex(amachineusedtomixchemicals)foroneminutetosimulateanattackontheirhiveandcausethemtofeelangry.Thebeeswerethenpresentedwithdifferentsolutionscontainingdifferentproportionsoftwosmellychemicals：onethatthebeeshadbeentrainedtoassociatewithayummysugarytreat，andtheotherthattheyhadbeentrainedtoassociatewithabitterhorribletaste.Beesthathadbeenupsetbecamepessimisticandweremorelikelytoreacttothehorriblesmellinthemixturesandwithdrawratherthanbeingattractedtotheyummysmell.Thosenotupset，ontheotherhand，remainedoptimistic.Yettheauthorswerereluctanttosaythatthisanger-likestatewasadefinitiveemotion.Itisinterestingtonotethatifdogsdidthesamethingandturneddowntheirfoodaftertheirownerhadjustdied，forexample，manywouldn'tdoubtthatthebehaviorwasemotional.Tobehonest，westillcan'tsaytowhatdegreeinsectsexperienceemotionsyet，althoughtheseearlyexperimentsarecertainlysettingthefoundationsforafuturewherewerecognizethatallanimalshaveemotionsofsomesort.Hopefully,wemaybeonestepclosertoparinginsects'experiencesoffeelingswithourown.Aswecontinuallydoresearchdeeperintothegeneticandneurologicalbasisofemotions，theevolutionaryoriginsofemotionswillundoubtedlybegraduallyunearthed．Perhapsthiswilltakeusonestepclosertolettinggoofourbigego(自負(fù))andrealizingthatallanimalsexperienceemotionsofsomekind.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，像昆蟲這樣的非哺乳動物也具有情感。9．Whatdoesthew