新文科大學(xué)英語CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArts1UnitAnothersideoflanguage新文科大學(xué)英語CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArtsAfterstudyingthisunit,youwillbeableto:describetheroleofwritinginboostingphysicalandmentalhealth;explaintheinfluenceoflanguageonmathematicallearning;writeaneffective,well-structuredconclusion;specifythecontributionoftheChineselanguagetointerdisciplinarystudies.Learning

objectives新文科大學(xué)英語CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArtsCONTENTSUnlockingthetopicViewingtoknowReadingtoexploreBuildingyourlanguageTellingChina’sstoriesSettingthesceneAsatoolofcommunication,languageenablesustoexpressourthoughts,emotions,andideas,thusfacilitatingsocialinteraction.Asamediumforsharingknowledge,languageshapeshowwethinkandprocessinformation.Beyonditstraditionalroles,languagealsobridgesdisciplines,cultures,andsystems.Itnotonlyhelpsboostourhealth,butalsoinfluencesourcognitionofabstractconceptssuchasthoseinmathematics.Giventhateachlanguagehasdistinctfeatures,howcantheselinguisticcharacteristicscontributeuniquelytointerdisciplinarystudies?SettingthesceneToexplorethisquestion,aninternationaljournaloflinguisticswillorganizeaspecialsessionforInternationalMotherLanguageDay,invitingvlogson“HowMyLanguageContributestoInterdisciplinaryStudies.”YouandyourfriendsplantosubmitashortvideoshowcasingtheChineselanguage.Whatuniquelinguisticfeatureswouldyouhighlighttodemonstrateitsinterdisciplinaryvalue?ScanthecodeandcompletetheknowledgeactivationexerciseonUcampus.Workingroupsanddiscusshowlearninganotherlanguagehasaffectedyou.Youmayciteyourownexperiencestoelaborateontwoorthreeofthefollowingaspects.Learninganotherlanguagehas

changedmywayofthinking. reshapedmywayofseeingtheworld. givenmeanedgeinthejoborinternshipmarket. unlockednewdimensionsofcreativityIneverknew.

crackedthecodeofculture-specifichumorthrouguntranslatablememes. enrichedmycreativeandintellectualworldthroughoriginalworksbroadenedmysocialcirclesonlineandoffline.

ReferenceanswersForme,learninganotherlanguagehashadasignificantimpactonmypersonalandprofessionallife.Oneofthemostnotableeffectsisthatithasgivenmeanedgeinthejobmarket.Intoday’sglobalizedworld,beingmultilingualisavaluableasset.WhenIwasapplyingforinternships,Ifoundthatmylanguageskillssetmeapartfromothercandidates.EmployerswereimpressedthatIcouldcommunicatewithawiderrangeofclientsandpartners.

ReferenceanswersForexample,Iwasabletoassistintranslatingdocumentsandcommunicatingwithforeigncolleagues,whichmadememorevaluabletotheteam.Anotherimportantaspectisthatlearninganotherlanguagehasunlockednewdimensionsofcreativityforme.WhenIstudiedFrench,IwasintroducedtoFrenchliteratureandcinema.ReadingtheworksofFrenchauthorsintheiroriginallanguageandwatchingFrenchmovieswithsubtitlesallowedmetoappreciatethenuancesandbeautyofthelanguage.

ReferenceanswersItinspiredmetotrywritingshortstoriesandpoetryinFrench,whichIhadneverdonebefore.Thisnewformofexpressionhelpedmeexploredifferentcreativeideasandstyles,anditalsogavemeasenseofaccomplishmentasIsawmylanguageskillsimprovingthroughcreativepractice.bilinguala.

雙語的n.能流利地說兩種語言的人suppress

vt.

抑制implication

n.

可能的影響（或結(jié)果）dementia

n.

癡呆（癥）cognitive

a.

認(rèn)知的onset

n.

（尤指某種壞事情的）開始perception

n.

看法monolingual

a.

單語的WordbankWhathasneuroscientists’researchrevealedaboutthebenefitsofbeingbilingual?Watchthevideoclipandcompletetheoutlinewithwhatyouhear.(Withsubtitles)(Withoutsubtitles)1.OverviewofbilingualismItwasoncebelievedthatbeingbilingualcould1)____________peopleorholdthemback.Researchprovesthatlearningnewlanguagesisanexerciseof2)____________,strengtheningthebrain.confusethemind2.CognitivebenefitsofbilingualismBilingualbrainsconstantlyswitchbetweenlanguages,suppressingonelanguagewhileusinganother,whichimprovesconcentration,problemsolving,memory,and3)_____________.Astudyshowedthatbilingualpeopledevelopdementia4)__________________________yearslaterthanmonolinguals.ourcreativityto4.5/fourtofour-and-a-half 2.CognitivebenefitsofbilingualismBilingualismhelpsbuild5)__________________,protectingagainstcertainaginganddiseaseeffects.Researchalsoshowsthatbilingualpeoplerecoversignificantlybetterafter6)__________thanthosewhojustspeakonelanguage.cognitivereserveastroke3.TimingoflearningnewlanguageChildrenbuildnew7)________________,whileadultsmodifytheexistingonesandmakemoreconnections.Researchfoundthatearlybilingualshavestrongerbrain8)_____________atrestthanlaterbilinguals.neuralnetworksconnectivity 4.BehavioralandsocietaleffectsBilingualismimprovestheabilitytounderstandotherindividuals’9)_____________.Peopleoftenreactmoreemotionallyintheir10)_____________andmorerationallyintheirsecond.Bilingualismbenefitsnotjustindividualsbutalsosocieties.perspectivesfirstlanguage

ScriptsItusedtobethoughtthatbeingbilingualwasabadthing,thatitwouldconfuseorholdpeopleback,especiallychildren.Itturnsoutwecouldn’thavebeenmorewrong.Learningnewlanguagesisanexerciseofthemind.It’sthementalequivalentofgoingtoagymeveryday.Inthebilingualbrain,allourlanguagesareactiveallatthesametime.Thecontinualeffortofsuppressingalanguagewhenspeakinganother,alongwithamentalchallengethatcomeswithregularlyswitchingbetweenlanguages,exercisesourbrain.Itimprovesourconcentration,problemsolving,memory,andinturnourcreativity.ScriptsIt’snowwidelyacceptedthattherearehugebenefitstobeingbilingual.Akeybreakthroughcamebackin2007inTorontowhenEllenBialystokandherteammadeadiscoverythatshookthescientificcommunityandhasmassivereal-worldimplications.Itwasthefirststudywhichsuggestedthatbilingualpeople–peoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage–developdementiafourtofour-and-a-halfyearslaterthanthosewhodon’t.Itwasapowerfulconfirmationoftheideaofcognitivereserve.Now,whatiscognitivereserve?Cognitivereserveistheideathatpeopledevelopareserveofthinkingabilities,andthisprotectsthemScriptsagainstlossesthatcanoccurthroughaginganddisease.Aswellasdelayingtheonsetofdementia,bilingualpeoplehavebeenshowntorecoversignificantlybetterafterastroke.Learninganythingnewhelpsbuildcognitivereserve,butthere’ssomethingspecialaboutlanguage.Languageisparticularlybroadandcomplex.Itaffectsideasandconcepts,perception,differentsounds.Themorecomplexacertainskillis,themorelikelyitistohaveapositiveeffectoncognitivereserve.Sowhenisthebesttimetolearnanewlanguage?Well,here’spartoftheanswer.Thebrainisacomplexsetofneuralnetworks.ScriptsWhenyou’relearninganewlanguageasachild,you’rebuildingnewnetworks.Butwhenyoulearnalanguagelaterinlife,youhavetomodifytheexistingnetworks,andmakemoreconnections.Becauselearninglanguageslaterinlifecanbemorechallenging,thebenefitscanalsobegreater.Buta2023studyatGreatOrmanStreetsuggeststhisisjustpartofthestory.Soweinvitedthreegroupsofchildrenthatwereaged8to10.Andwehadagroupofchildrenwhoweremonolinguals.AgroupofchildrenwhohadearlyexposuretoGreekandEnglishfrombirth–theyScriptswereourearlybilinguals.AndfinallywehadagroupwhohadbeenexposedtoEnglishbetweentheagesof2and5,andtheywereourlaterbilinguals.Sowhatwedidthatnoonehaddonebeforeisthatweaskedthechildrentolieinthescannerwhiledoingnothingandjuststaringatacross.Andduringthis,wemeasuredtheirbrainactivity.Sowhatwefoundthatwasreallyexcitingforusisthatourearlybilingualgrouphadthestrongestconnectivityinanetworkatrest.Andthesegroupofregionsareregionsthatlightupwhenwe’redoingnothingandjustmindwandering,alittlebitlikeifyou’regoingtothegymeveryday,yourmusclesmight

Scriptslookbiggeratrest.Similarly,yourbrainmightbebetterconnectedatrestbecauseyouarelearningalanguageearly.Andthisissomethingnoonehadfoundbefore.Andthere’smore.Onelesser-knownbehavioraleffectofbilingualisminbothchildrenandadultsistheabilitytoseetheotherpeople’sperspectiveortounderstandthatitispossibletohavedifferentpointsofview.Recentstudieshavealsofoundthatpeopletendtoreactmoreemotionallyintheirfirstlanguageandmorerationally,inamoreabstractway,inthesecond.Andthewayitisusuallyexplainedisthatthefirstlanguage

Scriptsistheonewhichweusetospeakwithfamily,withfriends,ininformalsettings;thesecondlanguageisusuallylearnedatschool,attheuniversity,atwork.Scientistsarediscoveringnewupsidestobeingbilingualallthetime.Andit’snotjustourbrainsthatbenefit.Learningnewlanguagesandspeakingmorethanonelanguageisveryimportantnotonlyforindividualsbutalsoforsocieties.Learningnewlanguagescanopendoorstonewculturalexperiences,lifeopportunities,differentpeople,differentcommunities,anddifferentwaysofseeingtheworld.Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.1.Dr.Bialystok’sresearchsuggeststhatbilingualismstrengthensthebrain.Ifyouweregiventhechancetochoose,atwhatagewouldyouliketolearnanewlanguage,andwhy?2.Attheendofthevideoclip,itisclaimedthatlearningnewlanguagesopensdoorstonewculturalexperiences,lifeopportunities,anddifferentwaysofseeingtheworld.Towhatextentdoyouagreewiththisview,andwhy?ReferenceanswersIfIweregiventhechancetochoose,Iwouldliketolearnalanguageatayoungage,ideallybetweentheagesofthreeandsix.Dr.Bialystok’sresearchandotherstudieshaveshownthatearlylanguagelearninghassignificantcognitivebenefits.Duringthisperiod,thebrain’slanguageprocessingareas,suchasBroca’sarea,arehighlyactiveandadaptable.Childrenatthisagecannaturallyabsorbandacquirelanguageswithouttheneedforexplicitinstruction,makingiteasiertoachievenative-likepronunciationReferenceanswersandfluency.Moreover,learningalanguageatayoungageenhancescognitiveabilitiessuchasproblem-solving,criticalthinking,andmultitasking.Studieshaveshownthatbilingualchildrenoftenoutperformtheirmonolingualpeersintasksrequiringattentionalcontrolandcognitiveflexibility.Theseskillsarecrucialforacademicsuccessandlifelonglearning.Additionally,earlyexposuretomultiplelanguagesfostersopen-mindednessandculturalawareness,broadeningone’sworldview.ReferenceanswersIstrongly/completelyagreewiththeviewthatlearningnewlanguagesopensdoorstonewculturalexperiences,lifeopportunities,anddifferentwaysofseeingtheworld.Languageisdeeplyconnectedtoculture.Bylearninganewlanguage,wegaindirectaccesstothetraditions,values,andcustomsofothercommunities.Forexample,learningSpanishallowsustoappreciatethevibrantculturesofSpainandLatinAmerica,fromtheirmusicandfestivalstotheirliteratureandcuisine.ReferenceanswersThisculturalimmersionfostersempathyandabroaderworldview.Moreover,languageskillscreatepracticalopportunities.Inaninterconnectedworld,beingmultilingualishighlyvaluableinthejobmarket,givingindividualsanedgeinindustrieslikebusiness,tourism,andeducation.Italsoopensdoorstostudyingorworkingabroad,enrichingpersonalandprofessionallives.Finally,learninganewlanguagechangeshowwethink.Differentlanguageshaveuniquestructuresandexpressionsthatcaninfluenceourperspectives.ReferenceanswersForexample,theJapaneselanguageoftenemphasizesharmonyandcontext,whichcanshapeourunderstandingofsocialinteractions.Thiscognitiveflexibilityenrichesourintellectualandcreativeabilities.Insummary,languagelearningoffersculturalenrichment,practicalopportunities,andnewwaysofthinking,makingitavaluableandtransformativeexperience.v新文科大學(xué)英語CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArtsReadingtoexploreReading

2Reading

1TextexplorationPre-readingWatchthevideo,workingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.（Video:Whydopeoplewritepoems?）Question1:Accordingtothespeaker,whydoeshewritepoems?Question2:Doyouwritethingstodescribeyourlife?Ifyes,whatdoyouusuallywriteabout?Ifnot,why?TextexplorationReferenceanswersThespeakerwritespoemsforlotsofdifferentreasons.Helikestodescribethingsandusehisimagination.Butmostofall,helikestowritepoemsaboutthingsthatareimportanttohim.TextexplorationReferenceanswers(1)Yes,Ido.Iamusedtowritingdiariestorecordmylife.Itmightincludeanunforgettablelearningexperience,abookthatI’veread,achatwithmyfriendoveracupofcoffee,orvoluntarytasksItakeoncampus.Iwouldalsowriteaboutmyfeelings,suchasthesenseofreliefafteranexamortheanxietybeforeaninterview.Writinghelpsmerecordthedetailsofmylifeandcanbeawitnessofmygrowingup.TextexplorationReferenceanswers(2)No,Idon’tusuallywriteadiaryorajournal.IamnotusedtoexpressingmyideasonapieceofpaperbecauseIprefertotakephotosorvideostocapturemylifeandinmostcases,Iwouldliketosharemyfeelingswithmyfamilyandfriendsthroughphonecallsorface-to-faceconversations.Tome,theseallcreateamorelivelyfeelingthanwriting.StructureanalysisThereare12paragraphsinthefollowingreadingpassage.Pleasefillintheblankswithcorrectparagraphforthecorrespondinginformation.____________Theauthor’sdeterminationofusingwritingasalifelongtoolforemotionalresilience.____________Tipsforeffectivewriting.Paras.1-2Paras.3-5Paras.6-9Paras.10-11Para.12Para.12Paras.10-11__________Thepsychologicalmechanismsbehindwriting,e.g.,cognitiveliberation,psychologicaldistanceandmentaltransformation.__________Scientificevidenceofthebenefitsofwritingforone’shealth.__________Examplesofwritingdiariesasemotionalrelief.Paras.1-2Paras.3-5Paras.6-9Paras.10-11Para.12Paras.6-9Paras.3-5Paras.1-2Thebigidea:

Can

writing

make

you

healthier?1Likemanyanguishedteens,Ioftenfeltthatmybestfriendwasmydiary.

Iwouldentermybedroominaterriblemood,butasthesentencestookshapeonthepage,whateverwastroublingmenolongerfeltlikequiteasmuchofacatastrophe.Iwasn’tabletoextinguisheverysadness,butoftenfeltcalmer,asifaphysicalpressurehadbeenliftedfrommychest.2Diariststhroughouthistoryhaveexperiencedsomethingsimilar.“WhenIwriteIcanshakeoffallmycares.Mysorrowdisappears,myspiritsarerevived,”AnneFrankobserved.Asasciencewriter,Ihavebeendelightedtodiscoverthatthepracticedoesn’tonly

soothe

atroubledsoulbutcanevenboostourphysicalhealth.3Inthe1980s,theseeffectsweredemonstratedinafamousexperiment.Intheexperiment,aseriesofstudentswereaskedtowriteashortessayfor15minutesonfourconsecutivedays.Someoftheparticipantswereencouragedtowriteabout“themosttraumaticorupsettingexperience”oftheirlives,exploringtheir“deepestthoughtsandfeelings”abouttheepisode.Otherswereaskedtowriteabouttrivialities,suchasdescriptionsoftheirdormroomsortheshoestheywerewearing.4Thestudentsinthefirstgroupdescribedfeelingsofguiltoveragrandmother’sdeathorangerovertheirparents’divorce.Confrontingtheirfeelingswasnoteasy,andmanyleftthelabfeelingsadderthanwhentheycamein.Overthefollowingsixmonths,however,theypaidaroundhalfasmanyvisitstothestudenthealthcenterastheparticipantsinthecontrolgroup.5Thismaysound

miraculous,butemotionaldistressofallkindscanthrowtheimmunesystemoutofwhack,meaningthatitrespondslessefficientlytoinfection.Ifexpressivewritingultimatelyleavesusfeelingcalmer,thenitcouldrestorethosedefencestotheirfullstrength.Andthatisexactlywhattheexperimentrevealedusingbloodtests:Afterwritingabouttheirfeelingsforfourconsecutivedays,people’swhitebloodcellsstartedreplicatingmorequicklyinresponsetoforeigninvaders.Subsequentstudieshavefoundthatexpressivewritingcanacceleraterecoveryafterabiopsy.Italsoseemstoreducebloodpressureandimprovelungfunction.6Thelinkbetweenstressandillnessmaybeclear,butwhyiswritingso

cathartic

inthefirstplace?That’strickiertoanswer.Onepossibilityisthatexternalizingourthoughtsgivesusmorementalspacetothinkaboutotherthings.Wenowknowthatsimplywritingato-dolistcanreleasepeople’scognitiveresourcesforotheractivities,asitreducestheamountofinformationtheyarejugglingintheirminds.Thiseasesstressand,donebeforebedtime,canevenimprovesleep.7Expressivewritingcouldperformasimilarfunctioninclearingourmentalworkspaceofthesourcesofnegative

rumination,freeingup

workingmemory

todevotetothethingsthatmatter.That

chimeswithmyownexperience.

WhenIfeeldistressed,myanxietiessitcenterstage

inmymindandpreventmefrom

focusingonpleasantactivitiessuchasreading.AfterIhavewritteninmyjournal,thesedemonsrecedeintothebackground,havingbeengiventheattentiontheycrave.8Equallyimportantly,writingourworriesdowncancreateasenseof“psychologicaldistance,”whichallowsustotakeamorephilosophicalattitudetoourproblems.Ifwehavebeencontemplatinghurtcausedbyothers,forinstance,wemightfinditeasiertoseetheirviewpoint,orrecognizeavaluablelessonwe’velearned.Thishelpsusfunctionbetterinthefuture.9Insomecaseswemightevenbeabletoseethefunnysideofthesituation–oratleasttakeownershipofwhathappened.Considerthefactthatwhenyousliponabananapeel,peoplelaughatyou,butwhenyoutellpeopleaboutyourfall,theyarelaughingwithyou.Expressivewritingcanhelpusmakethismentaltransformationinprivate.10Ofcourse,nosingle

intervention

willsuiteveryone:Writingisjustonetoolandsomemaybalkattheideaofsettingouttheirfeelingsindetail.Ifyouwouldliketoincorporateitintoyourownmentalfirstaidkit,though,therearesomeevidence-basedwaystomaximizeitsbenefits.11Withoutlosingtoomuchspontaneity,aimtogiveyouraccountanarrativestructure,suchassketchingoutthebackgroundtothesituationandthechainofeventsthatleduptoit.Bepreciseabouttheemotionsyouareexperiencing:Isitirritationorfrustration;disappointmentordisillusionment?Theactof

pinpointing

thoseexactfeelingscanmakeinsighteasier.

Finally,considerhowyoursituationaffirmsyourgoodqualitiesandthethingsyouvalue.Youmightbedemonstratingstrength,orkindness,oryoumightbecomenewlyawareoftheimportanceofcertainfriendshipsinyourlife.IfIamparticularlyanxious,Itryto

frame

thediaryentry

as

aletterfromafriendwhoisofferingkindadvice.Thisimaginativeexerciseboostsself-compassion,whichreducesdistress.Ialsofindithelpfultonotedownsimplemomentsofpleasure.12Myteenage

angst

maybewellbehindme,butmyjournalcontinuestobeasourceof

solace

–andwithmyknowledgeofthepsychologicalliterature,Icannowuseittofulladvantage.WheneverIfeeloverwhelmed,afewminuteswithmypeninmyhandmakestheworldfeelalittlemoremanageable.BackgroundinformationExpressivewritinghasbecomeawell-researchedtherapeuticmethod,showingpromiseinenhancingemotionalwell-beingandreducingstressbyencouragingindividualstoconfrontandarticulatetheiremotions.Thetheorybehindthispracticesuggeststhatputtingtraumaticorsuppressedeventsintowordshelpsindividualscognitivelyprocesstheseexperiences,whichinturnlowersthestressandphysiologicalresponsesassociatedwithemotionalinhibition.StudieshavedemonstratedthatexpressivewritingcanBackgroundinformationleadtoimprovementsinvariousphysicalandimmunehealthmarkers,aswellasenhanceself-reportedemotionalwell-being.Thebenefitsofwritingareparticularlynoticeableinclinicalpopulations,suchasthosewithPTSDorchildrenofalcoholics,whoexperiencebothpsychologicalandphysicalimprovementsafterengaginginthisformofemotionaldisclosure.Moreover,expressivewritinghasbeenfoundtoincreasecognitiveBackgroundinformationresources,suchasworkingmemorycapacity,andmayserveasaneffectivetoolformanagingstressandenhancingoverallmentalhealth.Researchalsoindicatesthatthispracticecanhelpreducenegativeemotionalstateslikeanxietyanddepression,potentiallyaidinginsymptommanagementforavarietyofhealthissues.Whiletheexactmechanismsarestillbeingstudied,theevidencesuggeststhatemotionalexpressionthroughwritingcanbeavaluabletoolinself-careandtherapeuticsettings.However,itshouldbenotedthatBackgroundinformationwhileexpressivewritingisbeneficial,itismosteffectivewhenusedasacomplementtootherformsofprofessionaltreatment,ratherthanasastand-alonesolution.soothe

vt.makesb.feelcalmerorlessworried撫慰；安慰Theverb“soothe”means“tomakesomeonefeelcalmerandlessanxious,upset,orangry.”Inthissentence,itreferstotheeffectofwritinginreleasingpeople’spressure,distressortroubles.e.g.

Tosoothetheathletes’anxiety,thecoachaskedthemtopracticedeepbreathingexercisesbeforethecompetition.traumatic

a.

anexperiencesoshockingandupsettingthatitaffectsyouforalongtime（經(jīng)歷）痛苦難忘的[Multimodalnotes]:Traumaisanunpleasantandupsettingexperiencethataffectsyouforalongtime;amentalstateofextremeshockcausedbyaveryfrighteningorunpleasantexperience.Traumareferstoapsychologicalandemotionalresponsetoanextremelydistressingordisturbingevent,whichoverwhelmsanindividual’scapacitytocope.Itcanemergefromvariousexperiences,includingaccidents,violence,abuse,neglect,war,andchildhoodadversity.Recognizingtrauma’simpactwithoutself-blameisessential,whichisthekeytothehealingprocess.Video:Trauma?miraculous

a.verygood,completelyunexpected,andoftenverylucky

不可思議的；奇跡般的whitebloodcell

n.[C]oneofthecellsinyourbloodwhichfightsagainstinfection

白細(xì)胞biopsy

n.[C]theprocessofremovingandexaminingasmallamountoftissuefromasickperson,inordertodiscovermoreabouttheirillness活組織檢查bloodpressure

n.[U]theforcewithwhichbloodtravelsthroughyourbody

血壓cathartic

a.involvingthereleaseofstrongemotionsthroughaparticularactivityorexperience可以宣泄情感的；有發(fā)泄作用的Theword“cathartic”means“helpingto

remove

strongor

violent

emotions.”Inthiscontext,itmeansthatthesimpleactofwritingaboutstressfuloremotionalexperiencesproducessuchapowerfulfeelingofreleaseandhealingforthemind.e.g.Doingsportsorsingingcanbereallycatharticastheybothprovideanoutlettoreleaseone’spressure.rumination

n.[C,U]theactofthinkingcarefullyandforalongperiodaboutsth.沉思；認(rèn)真思考workingmemory

n.[U]memorythatinvolvesstoring,focusingattentionon,andmanipulatinginformationforarelativelyshortperiodoftime工作記憶[Multimodalnotes]:Workingmemoryisthepartofaperson’sorcomputer’smemorywhichstoresinformationaboutthethingbeingworkedonnow.Workingmemoryservesasacognitivesystemresponsibleforthetemporaryretentionandactivemanipulationofinformation,whichiscrucialforexecutingcomplextaskssuchaslearning,reasoning,anddecision-making.Threecorefeaturesdefineworkingmemory:short-termstorage,informationmanipulation,andcognitiveprocessing.Thefirsttwofeaturesenablethebriefretention,processing,andutilizationofinformation,whilethethirdisindispensableforsustainingfocus,facilitatingproblem-solving,andenhancingcomprehension.Video:Workingmemoryintervention

n.

[C,U]theactofbecomingintentionallyinvolvedinadifficultsituation,inordertoimproveitorpreventitfromgettingworse干預(yù)；介入firstaidkit

n.[C]aspecialbagorboxcontainingbandagesandmedicinestotreatpeoplewhoareinjuredorbecomeillsuddenly

急救包；急救藥箱spontaneity

n.[U]thequalityofbeingnaturalratherthanplannedinadvance

自發(fā)性；自動(dòng)

disillusionment

n.[U]afeelingofbeingdisappointedandunhappybecauseofdiscoveringthetruthaboutsb.orsth.thatyoulikedorrespected

幻滅；失望angst

n.

[U]strongworryandunhappiness,esp.aboutpersonalproblems

憂慮；焦慮solace

n.[U]helpandcomfortwhenyouarefeelingsadorworried

安慰；慰藉Theword“solace”means“thehelpandcomfortwhenoneisfeelingsadorworried”.Inthiscontext,itmeansthattheauthorcanseekforhelp,warmth,comfortandhopeinwritingjournals.e.g.

1)Shefoundsolaceinhermemoriesofhergrandmother.2)Musicwasagreatsolacetome.

anguished

Theword“anguished”means“havingorexperiencingseverementalorphysicalsufferings”.Inthissentence,itmeans“distressed,emotionallytroubled,painful”.e.g.

1)Thewomanwasclearlyanguishedbythelossofherson.2)Theyspokeinanguishedvoices.takeshape

Thephrase“takeshape”means“tostarttodevelopaclearerormorecertainform.”Inthissentence,itmeansto“writedownmyfeelingsinthediary.”Theexpression“quiteasmuchof”indicatesadegree,andinthissentence,“nolongerlikequiteasmuchofacatastr