2025山東省東營市統(tǒng)招專升本英語自考預測試題(含答案帶解析)一、詞匯與語法（共20小題，每小題1分，共20分）題目1.Themanagerdemandedthatthereportofthecommittee_________submittedtohimatonce.A.wasB.beC.wouldbeD.hadbeen2._________withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.A.ComparingB.TocompareC.ComparedD.Havingcompared3.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_________howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn'tthevillagersrealize4.Itwasinthesmallhouse_________wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_________hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;where5.Idon'tthinkitadvisablethatTom_________tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned6.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_________hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase7._________thetemperaturefallingsorapidly,wecouldn'tgoonwiththeexperiment.A.SinceB.ForC.AsD.With8.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_________andalotofthings_________.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen9.Thereasonwhyhehasbeensuchasuccess_________henevergivesup.A.isthatB.isbecauseC.iswhatD.issince10._________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose11.Itisnecessarythattheproblem_________assoonaspossible.A.solvesB.shouldsolveC.besolvedD.willbesolved12._________youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.A.ForB.SinceC.BeforeD.While13.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_________awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen14._________isknowntousall,the2024OlympicGameswillbeheldinParis.A.WhichB.WhatC.AsD.That15.I'dratheryou_________anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.didn'tdoC.don'tD.didn't16.Theoldmanhastwosons,_________arelawyers.A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothofthey17._________theendofnextmonth,weshallhavefinishedthisbook.A.AtB.ByC.InD.On18.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho_________passedtheexamination.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have19.Itisnouse_________torememberonlygrammarrules.A.tryingB.totryC.havingtriedD.tried20._________fromspace,ourearth,withwatercovering70%ofitssurface,appearsasa“blueplanet”.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.Havingseen答案與解析1.答案：B解析：在表示“要求、命令、建議”等動詞（如demand,suggest,order等）后的賓語從句中，要用虛擬語氣，即“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。本題中“demanded”后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，“thereportofthecommittee”與“submit”是被動關系，所以用“(should)besubmitted”，故答案選B。2.答案：C解析：“compare”與“thehighestmountain”是被動關系，即“山被和地球的大小作比較”，所以用過去分詞“compared”作狀語，相當于“whenthehighestmountainiscomparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth”，故答案選C。3.答案：A解析：“notuntil”位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝結構，即把助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞提到主語前面。本題中“Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver”位于句首，主句“thevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas”要部分倒裝，根據“died”可知，句子時態(tài)是一般過去時，所以借助助動詞“did”，把“did”提到主語“thevillagers”前面，動詞“realize”用原形，故答案選A。4.答案：A解析：第一個空考查定語從句，先行詞是“thesmallhouse”，在定語從句“_________wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather”中作主語，指物，所以用關系代詞“which”或“that”引導；第二個空考查強調句，強調句的結構是“Itis/was+被強調部分+that+其他部分”，本題中強調的是地點狀語“inthesmallhouse”，所以用“that”，故答案選A。5.答案：C解析：在“itisadvisablethat...”結構中，that引導的主語從句要用虛擬語氣，即“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略?！癟om”與“assign”是被動關系，所以用“(should)beassigned”，故答案選C。6.答案：D解析：本題考查“介詞+關系代詞+不定式”的結構?！癰ase...on...”表示“把……建立在……基礎上”，先行詞是“grounds”，在從句中作“base”的賓語，所以用“onwhichtobase”，相當于“tobasehisargumentsonthegrounds”，故答案選D。7.答案：D解析：“with+賓語+賓語補足語”可以構成獨立主格結構，在句中作原因狀語。本題中“thetemperaturefallingsorapidly”是“with+賓語+現在分詞”的結構，作原因狀語，其他選項“since”“for”“as”引導原因狀語從句時，后面要接句子，故答案選D。8.答案：D解析：“thehouse”與“breakinto”是被動關系，且“breakinto”這個動作發(fā)生在“found”之前，所以用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)“hadbeenbrokeninto”；“alotofthings”與“steal”是被動關系，“hadbeenbrokeninto”和“stolen”是并列的謂語結構，第二個空省略了“hadbeen”，故答案選D。9.答案：A解析：“Thereasonwhy...isthat...”是固定句型，表示“……的原因是……”，“that”引導表語從句，在從句中不充當成分，故答案選A。10.答案：C解析：“belostinthought”表示“陷入沉思”，在句中“Lostinthought”相當于“Becausehewaslostinthought”，是過去分詞短語作原因狀語，故答案選C。11.答案：C解析：在“Itisnecessarythat...”結構中，that引導的主語從句要用虛擬語氣，即“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略?！皌heproblem”與“solve”是被動關系，所以用“(should)besolved”，故答案選C。12.答案：B解析：“since”表示“既然”，引導原因狀語從句，強調已知的事實。本題中“Sinceyouareleavingtomorrow”表示“既然你明天要離開”，符合語境；“for”表示原因時，一般不位于句首；“before”表示“在……之前”；“while”表示“當……時候”，故答案選B。13.答案：D解析：“theonlyoneof+復數名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數形式。根據“forthreeyears”可知，句子時態(tài)要用現在完成時，所以用“hasbeen”，故答案選D。14.答案：C解析：“as”引導非限定性定語從句，可放在句首、句中或句末，指代整個主句的內容，意為“正如，正像”。本題中“Asisknowntousall”表示“眾所周知”，故答案選C。15.答案：B解析：“I'drather”后面接從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣。如果表示與現在或將來事實相反，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時；如果表示與過去事實相反，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時。本題中“forthetimebeing”表示“目前，暫時”，表示與現在事實相反，所以從句謂語動詞用“didn'tdo”，故答案選B。16.答案：C解析：本題考查非限定性定語從句。先行詞是“twosons”，指人，在從句中作介詞“of”的賓語，所以用關系代詞“whom”引導，“bothofwhom”表示“他們兩個都”，故答案選C。17.答案：B解析：“bytheendof+將來時間”表示“到……結束時為止”，句子時態(tài)要用將來完成時；“attheendof”表示“在……結束時”；“in”表示“在一段時間之后”；“on”表示“在具體某一天”，故答案選B。18.答案：D解析：“oneof+復數名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句的謂語動詞要用復數形式?！皐ho”指代“girls”，在從句中作主語，根據“passed”可知，句子時態(tài)是一般過去時，所以用“havepassed”，故答案選D。19.答案：A解析：“Itisnousedoingsth.”是固定句型，表示“做某事是沒有用的”，所以用動名詞“trying”作真正的主語，故答案選A。20.答案：A解析：“ourearth”與“see”是被動關系，即“地球被從太空看”，所以用過去分詞“seen”作狀語，相當于“Whenourearthisseenfromspace”，故答案選A。二、閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，共40分）第一篇PassageOneTherewasatimewhen,ifaladygotontoacrowdedbusortrain,agentlemanwouldimmediatelystandupandofferherhisseat.Nomore,though.Todayagentlemanwillprobablylookoutofthewindoworhidebehindhisnewspaper.Eitherway,theladywillhavetostanduntilsomeoneelsegetsoff.Youcan'tentirelyblamemenforthischangeinmanners.Thedaysaregonewhenwomencouldbereferredtoastheweakersex.Awholegenerationofwomenhasgrownupdemandingequalitywithmen;notjustequalityinjobsoreducation,butinsocialattitudes.Holdadooropenforsomewomenandyou'relikelytogetanangrylectureontreatingwomenasinferiors,unabletoopendoorsforthemselves.Takeagirloutforamealandshe'llprobablyinsistonpayinghershareofthebill.It'snowonder,then,thatmenhavegivenupsomeofthegesturesofpolitenessandconsiderationwhichtheyusedtoshowtowardswomen.Ontheotherhand,somewomenstillexpectmentobegentlemen.Sometimeswomenseemtoshowthattheycantakecareofthemselvesverywell,butthey'llgetangryifamandoesn'thelptheminpublicplaces.1.Thepassageismainlyabout_________.A.thechangeofmen'sandwomen'smannersB.thegesturesofpolitenessandconsiderationC.theattitudeofwomentowardsmenD.theequalitybetweenmenandwomen2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Gentlemenarenotwillingtooffertheirseatstoladiesnow.B.Ladiesareusedtostandinginbusesandtrains.C.Ladiesdon'tneedgentlemen'shelpanymore.D.Gentlemenstilloffertheirseatstoladiesasbefore.3.Theunderlinedword“inferiors”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans_________.A.peoplewhoarenotasgoodasothersB.peoplewhoaremoreimportantthanothersC.peoplewhoaremorepolitethanothersD.peoplewhoarelesspolitethanothers4.Whydosomewomenstillexpectmentobegentlemen?A.Becausetheythinktheyaretheweakersex.B.Becausetheywanttobetreatedasladies.C.Becausetheyareusedtobeingtakencareof.D.Becausetheywanttoshowtheirindependence.5.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Menshouldstilloffertheirseatstoladies.B.Womenshouldbemoreindependent.C.Therelationshipbetweenmenandwomenischanging.D.Womenshouldnotexpectmentobegentlemen.答案與解析1.答案：A解析：文章第一段講述了過去男士會給女士讓座，現在卻不會了；第二段解釋了男士這種行為改變的原因是女性要求平等；第三段指出有些女性仍然期望男士有紳士風度。所以文章主要講的是男士和女士禮儀的變化，故答案選A。2.答案：A解析：根據第一段“Todayagentlemanwillprobablylookoutofthewindoworhidebehindhisnewspaper.Eitherway,theladywillhavetostanduntilsomeoneelsegetsoff.”可知，現在男士不愿意給女士讓座了，故答案選A。3.答案：A解析：根據“Holdadooropenforsomewomenandyou'relikelytogetanangrylectureontreatingwomenasinferiors,unabletoopendoorsforthemselves.”可知，有些女性認為為她們開門是把她們當作不能自己開門的弱者，“inferiors”在這里指“不如別人的人，弱者”，故答案選A。4.答案：B解析：雖然女性要求平等，但有些女性仍然期望男士有紳士風度，是因為她們想被當作女士來對待，希望得到男士的照顧，故答案選B。5.答案：C解析：從文章中男士不再像過去那樣給女士讓座，以及女性對男士態(tài)度的變化可以推斷出，男女之間的關系正在發(fā)生變化，故答案選C。第二篇PassageTwoTheInternethasbecomeanimportantpartofourlives.Ithaschangedthewaywelive,work,andcommunicate.Wecannowshoponline,workfromhome,andkeepintouchwithfriendsandfamilyallovertheworld.However,theInternetalsohassomenegativeeffects.Oneofthebiggestproblemsiscyber-bullying.Cyber-bullyingistheuseoftheInternettoharass,threaten,orembarrasssomeone.Itcantakemanyforms,suchassendingmeanmessages,spreadingrumors,orpostingembarrassingphotosorvideos.Anotherproblemisthespreadoffalseinformation.WithsomuchinformationavailableontheInternet,itcanbedifficulttotellwhatistrueandwhatisfalse.Falseinformationcanhaveseriousconsequences,suchascausingpanicorinfluencingpeople'sdecisions.Inaddition,theInternetcanbeaddictive.Manypeoplespendhourseverydayonsocialmedia,onlinegames,orwatchingvideos.Thiscanleadtoproblemssuchaslackofsleep,pooracademicperformance,andsocialisolation.Todealwiththeseproblems,weneedtobemoreawareoftherisksoftheInternetandtakestepstoprotectourselves.WeshouldalsoteachyoungpeopleabouttheimportanceofresponsibleInternetuse.6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheInternethaschangedourlives.B.TheInternethasbothpositiveandnegativeeffects.C.Cyber-bullyingisaseriousproblemontheInternet.D.WeshouldusetheInternetresponsibly.7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanegativeeffectoftheInternet?A.Cyber-bullying.B.Spreadoffalseinformation.C.Lackofprivacy.D.Internetaddiction.8.WhatcanwedotodealwiththeproblemsoftheInternet?A.AvoidusingtheInternet.B.SpendlesstimeontheInternet.C.BemoreawareoftherisksandteachyoungpeopleresponsibleInternetuse.D.Reportcyber-bullyingtothepolice.9.Theunderlinedword“harass”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans_________.A.makesomeonehappyB.makesomeoneangryC.makesomeonesadD.troubleorannoysomeone10.WhatcanfalseinformationontheInternetcause?A.Panicandinfluenceonpeople'sdecisions.B.Cyber-bullyingandInternetaddiction.C.Socialisolationandpooracademicperformance.D.Lackofsleepandhealthproblems.答案與解析6.答案：B解析：文章第一段講述了互聯(lián)網對我們生活、工作和交流方式的積極影響，第二段到第四段講述了互聯(lián)網帶來的網絡欺凌、虛假信息傳播和成癮等負面影響，所以文章主要講的是互聯(lián)網既有積極影響也有消極影響，故答案選B。7.答案：C解析：文章提到了互聯(lián)網的消極影響有網絡欺凌（cyber-bullying）、虛假信息傳播（spreadoffalseinformation）和網絡成癮（Internetaddiction），沒有提到缺乏隱私（lackofprivacy），故答案選C。8.答案：C解析：根據最后一段“Todealwiththeseproblems,weneedtobemoreawareoftherisksoftheInternetandtakestepstoprotectourselves.WeshouldalsoteachyoungpeopleabouttheimportanceofresponsibleInternetuse.”可知，我們要更意識到互聯(lián)網的風險，并教年輕人負責任地使用互聯(lián)網，故答案選C。9.答案：D解析：根據“Cyber-bullyingistheuseoftheInternettoharass,threaten,orembarrasssomeone.”可知，網絡欺凌是利用互聯(lián)網去騷擾、威脅或使某人難堪，“harass”意為“騷擾，煩擾”，即“troubleorannoysomeone”，故答案選D。10.答案：A解析：根據“Falseinformationcanhaveseriousconsequences,suchascausingpanicorinfluencingpeople'sdecisions.”可知，互聯(lián)網上的虛假信息會引起恐慌并影響人們的決策，故答案選A。第三篇PassageThreeTheworldisnotonlyhungry,butitisalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseemstrangetoyou,sincenearly70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Butabout97%ofthishugeamountisseawater,orsaltwater.Mancanonlydrinkandusetheother3%—thefreshwaterfromrivers,lakes,underground,andothersources.Andwecannotevenuseallofthat,becausesomeofitisintheformoficebergsandglaciers.Evenworse,someofithasbeenpolluted.However,asthingsstandtoday,thissmallamountoffreshwater,whichisconstantlybeingreplacedbyrainfall,isstillenoughforus.Butourneedforwaterisincreasingrapidly—almostdaybyday.Onlyifwetakestepstodealwiththisproblemnowcanweavoidasevereworldwidewatershortagelateron.Oneofthefirststepsistofindwaystoreuseit.Today,inmostlargecities,waterisusedonlyonceandthensentoutintoasewersystem.Fromthere,itreturnstotheseaorrunsintoundergroundstoragetanks.Butitispossibletopipeusedwatertoapurifyingplant.Thereitcanbefilteredandtreatedwithchemicalssothatitcanbeusedagain.Butevenifeverylargecitypurifiedandreuseditswater,westillwouldnothaveenough.Allwe'dhavetodotomakeuseofthevastreservesofseawaterintheworldistoremovethesalt.Thisprocessiscalleddesalination,anditisalreadyinuseinmanypartsoftheworld.11.Whydoestheauthorsaytheworldisthirstyforwater?A.Becauseabout97%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.B.Becausemancanonlydrinkanduseabout3%oftheearth'swater.C.Becausemorewaterisbeingpolluted.D.Becausetheneedforwaterisincreasingrapidly.12.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“asthingsstandtoday”inthesecondparagraph?A.Aslongasthingsdon'tchange.B.Althoughthingsarechanging.C.Becausethingsarechanging.D.Evenifthingsarechanging.13.Accordingtothepassage,onewaytodealwiththewatershortageproblemisto_________.A.makeuseofseawaterB.desalinatethewaterinthesewersystemC.purifyandreusethewaterinlargecitiesD.buildmorepurifyingplants14.Theunderlinedword“desalination”inthelastparagraphrefersto_________.A.removingsaltfromseawaterB.purifyingusedwaterC.storingundergroundwaterD.treatingpollutedwater15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theworldisfacingawatershortageproblem.B.Weshouldtakestepstodealwiththewatershortageproblem.C.Freshwaterispreciousandshouldbeprotected.D.Therearewaystoreuseanddesalinatewater.答案與解析11.答案：B解析：根據第一段“Mancanonlydrinkandusetheother3%—thefreshwaterfromrivers,lakes,underground,andothersources.Andwecannotevenuseallofthat,becausesomeofitisintheformoficebergsandglaciers.Evenworse,someofithasbeenpolluted.”可知，地球上大部分水是海水，人類只能飲用和使用約3%的淡水，而且這部分淡水還不能全部利用，所以作者說世界缺水，故答案選B。12.答案：A解析：“asthingsstandtoday”表示“就目前情況而言，只要情況不改變”，即現在這少量的淡水還能滿足我們的需求，故答案選A。13.答案：C解析：根據第三段“Oneofthefirststepsistofindwaystoreuseit.Today,inmostlargecities,waterisusedonlyonceandthensentoutintoasewersystem.Butitispossibletopipeusedwatertoapurifyingplant.Thereitcanbefilteredandtreatedwithchemicalssothatitcanbeusedagain.”可知，處理水資源短缺問題的一種方法是凈化和再利用大城市的水，故答案選C。14.答案：A解析：根據“Allwe'dhavetodotomakeuseofthevastreservesofseawaterintheworldistoremovethesalt.Thisprocessiscalleddesalination”可知，“desalination”指的是從海水中去除鹽分的過程，故答案選A。15.答案：B解析：文章指出世界面臨水資源短缺問題，接著強調我們對水的需求在迅速增加，最后提出了解決水資源短缺問題的方法，所以文章的主旨是我們應該采取措施來處理水資源短缺問題，故答案選B。第四篇PassageFourInmodernsociety,stressisacommonphenomenon.Everyonehastofacestressfromtimetotime.Stresscancomefromvarioussources,suchaswork,study,family,andsocialrelationships.Whenpeopleareunderstress,theymayexperienceavarietyofphysicalandpsychologicalsymptoms.Physically,theymayhaveheadaches,backaches,highbloodpressure,anddifficultysleeping.Psychologically,theymayfeelanxious,depressed,irritable,orhavedifficultyconcentrating.However,stressisnotalwaysabadthing.Insmallamounts,stresscanbebeneficial.Itcanmotivatepeopletoworkharderandperformbetter.Forexample,alittlebitofstressbeforeanexamcanhelpstudentsfocusanddobetteronthetest.Tomanagestresseffectively,peoplecantakeseveralsteps.First,theycantrytoidentifythesourcesofstressintheirlives.Oncetheyknowwhatiscausingthestress,theycantakestepstodealwithit.Forexample,ifworkisthemainsourceofstress,theycantrytoorganizetheirworkbetteroraskforhelpfromcolleagues.Second,theycanengageinrelaxationtechniques,suchasdeepbreathing,meditation,oryoga.Thesetechniquescanhelpreducephysicalandpsychologicaltension.Third,theycanmaintainahealthylifestyle.Eatingabalanceddiet,gettingenoughsleep,andexercisingregularlycanallhelpthebodyandmindcopewithstress.16.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Stressisacommonphenomenoninmodernsociety.B.Stresscanhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.C.Peopleshouldlearntomanagestresseffectively.D.Therearemanysourcesofstressinourlives.17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaphysicalsymptomofstress?A.Headaches.B.Depression.C.Backaches.D.Highbloodpressure.18.Whyisstressnotalwaysabadthing?A.Becauseitcanmakepeoplefeelexcited.B.Becauseitcanmotivatepeopletoworkharder.C.Becauseitcanhelppeoplesleepbetter.D.Becauseitcanimprovepeople'ssocialrelationships.19.Whatcanpeopledotodealwithwork-relatedstress?A.Identifythesourcesofstress.B.Engageinrelaxationtechniques.C.Organizetheirworkbetteroraskforhelp.D.Maintainahealthylifestyle.20.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledotomanagestresseffectively?A.Avoidstressasmuchaspossible.B.Takestepstoidentify,reduce,andcopewithstress.C.Onlyfocusonthepositiveeffectsofstress.D.Ignorethenegativeeffectsofstress.答案與解析16.答案：C解析：文章先介紹了壓力是現代社會常見現象及壓力的來源和癥狀，接著說明壓力不全是壞事，最后重點闡述了有效管理壓力的方法，所以文章的主旨是人們應該學會有效管理壓力，故答案選C。17.答案：B解析：根據第二段“Physically,theymayhaveheadaches,backaches,highbloodpressure,anddifficultysleeping.Psychologically,theymayfeelanxious,depressed,irritable,orhavedifficultyconcentrating.”可知，“depression”是心理癥狀，不是身體癥狀，故答案選B。18.答案：B解析：根據第三段“However,stressisnotalwaysabadthing.Insmallamounts,stresscanbebeneficial.Itcanmotivatepeopletoworkharderandperformbetter.”可知，少量的壓力可以激勵人們更努力工作，故答案選B。19.答案：C解析：根據第四段“ifworkisthemainsourceofstress,theycantrytoorganizetheirworkbetteroraskforhelpfromcolleague