第三節(jié)生動(dòng)描寫敘述和描寫都是記敘文寫作中的主要表達(dá)方式。1．?dāng)⑹?narration)是將事情的前后經(jīng)過(guò)記錄下來(lái)，主要用來(lái)交代人物活動(dòng)和事件經(jīng)過(guò)，展開情節(jié)。2．描寫(description)則指通過(guò)各個(gè)感官的細(xì)節(jié)描述，用生動(dòng)形象的語(yǔ)言把人物、景物的狀態(tài)具體地描繪出來(lái)。高效技法1過(guò)程化：運(yùn)用動(dòng)作鏈，營(yíng)造畫面感考生要學(xué)會(huì)分解動(dòng)作，形成一個(gè)細(xì)化的動(dòng)作鏈，比如浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫中Mac遇到狼上車的動(dòng)作，不是簡(jiǎn)單的getinthecar就可以解決的，過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)的描述使描寫空洞乏味，學(xué)生要善于捕捉這個(gè)關(guān)鍵的慢鏡頭，并將Mac的動(dòng)作按照時(shí)間軸分解為jumpoffthebicycle—dashintothebackseatofthecar—slamthedoor—leanagainsttheseat,breathless等動(dòng)作鏈來(lái)描寫，通過(guò)動(dòng)作鏈可形成動(dòng)作面，使情景具有畫面感，那么如何設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)作鏈和動(dòng)作面呢？一、分解動(dòng)作，形成動(dòng)作鏈句型公式1：主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)作A，動(dòng)作Band動(dòng)作C該句式中連詞and連接三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作，構(gòu)成動(dòng)作鏈，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是一致的。①IapproachedDad,proudlytookoutofmyownmoneyandhandedittohim.我走近爸爸，驕傲地拿出我自己的錢遞給他。②Herpulsesbeatfast,andthebloodwarmedandrelaxedeveryinchofherbody.她的心跳加快，熱血溫暖了全身，身心完全地放松下來(lái)。句型公式2：主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)作Aand動(dòng)作B，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)作Aand動(dòng)作B該句中連詞and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作，構(gòu)成動(dòng)作鏈。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，可置于句首或句尾。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher,hereadit,laughedoutloud,saying，“Great.Now,writeitagain.”當(dāng)我把文章交給我的老師時(shí)，他讀了它，大聲笑著，說(shuō)：“很好。現(xiàn)在，再寫一遍。”Puttingonhiscoat,hestormedoutandslammedthedoorshut.他穿上外套，怒氣沖沖地跑了出去，把門重重地關(guān)上。句型公式3：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句＋主句動(dòng)作鏈的表達(dá)可用狀語(yǔ)從句，如when,while,as,before,after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)體現(xiàn)。AfterIhadleftsomethinginthecloakroom，Iwentinsidetogetit.我在衣帽間落下了點(diǎn)東西，然后就進(jìn)去拿了。二、動(dòng)作鏈可以和情感，環(huán)境，心理，語(yǔ)言等結(jié)合，形成動(dòng)作面①Burningwithanger,heglaredatmewithhisbigfrighteningeyes,yelling，“You'resuchanidiot.”分析：此處的burningwithanger是情感描寫，glare和yell是動(dòng)作鏈，同時(shí)將動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言描寫結(jié)合在了一起，形成了飽滿的動(dòng)作面，屬于高分表達(dá)。②Asnightwasbeginningtofall,Janesatonthegrass,staringatthevastsky,frightenedandravenous.分析：此處將環(huán)境描寫，動(dòng)作描寫以及情感描寫結(jié)合在一起，形成了飽滿的動(dòng)作面。即時(shí)演練1Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示，用英語(yǔ)寫出動(dòng)作鏈或動(dòng)作面1．洛娜(Lorna)看夜空：走到窗前＋打開窗戶＋抬頭看著外面的夜空。(并列謂語(yǔ))Lornacametothewindow,openeditandlookedoutupatthenightsky.2．她看照片：拿起照片＋盯著它看了一會(huì)兒＋小心翼翼地把它放進(jìn)了相冊(cè)里。(并列謂語(yǔ))Shepickedupthephoto,staredatitforawhileandplaceditcarefullyintothealbum.3．簡(jiǎn)沿著小溪走：感覺更強(qiáng)壯＋沿著小溪走著＋希望它能把她帶到湖邊。(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)Feelingstrongernow,Janewalkedalongthestream,hopingthatitwouldleadhertothelake.4．他們仰望天空：站在空蕩的路邊＋仰望天空＋感受到珍貴的寧?kù)o。(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)Standingbesidetheemptyroad,theylookedupintothesky,feelingthepreciouspeace.5．我跑步：穿著平常的跑步服＋帶著自信的微笑＋迅速掠過(guò)了他們。(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；介詞短語(yǔ))Wearingmyusualrunningclothes，Ibrushedpastthemwithaconfidentsmile.Ⅱ.運(yùn)用動(dòng)作鏈和動(dòng)作面的技巧完善下面的作文Inthemorning,asscheduled，thetwinsgotupearly,tiptoedtothekitchenandscoopedsomeflouroutofthebag(雙胞胎早早起床，踮著腳走進(jìn)了廚房，從袋子里舀出面粉)．Oncetheysetaboutmakingbread,theyfeltconfused.Atthattime，theirfatherslidintothekitchen,pattingthetwins'shouldersandcomfortingtheminasoftvoice(他們的爸爸溜進(jìn)廚房，輕拍雙胞胎的肩膀，柔聲安慰道)，“Don'tquit.Youcanovercomethechallenge.”Thetwinsmadethebreadsmoothly.Thentheycarriedthebreakfast,advancedupstairsandwokeuptheirmother(他們端著早餐，向樓上走去，喊醒他們的媽媽)．Withhereyesglitteringwithexcitement,socontentwasthemotherthatshegatheredherchildrenintoherarms.高效技法2精準(zhǔn)化：精選動(dòng)詞，刻畫具體的動(dòng)作不用抽象或虛化的動(dòng)詞描述，而是使用含義比較精確的描寫。試比較下面兩句：①Thelittleboysaidsorrytohismother.小男孩對(duì)他媽媽說(shuō)對(duì)不起。②Thelittleboyhunghisheadandmumbledanapologytohismother.小男孩垂著頭，咕噥著向他母親道歉。類型一：緩慢移動(dòng)edgev．緩慢地移動(dòng)Sheedgedherwaythroughthecrowd.她在人群中慢慢向前移動(dòng)。inchv．緩慢地移動(dòng)Heinchedhiswaythroughthenarrowpassage.他一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地穿過(guò)狹窄的通道。類型二：閑逛散步strollv.閑逛；漫步Wearestrollingthroughasecludedwalk.我們正漫步穿過(guò)一條僻靜的小徑。ramblev.閑逛；散步Herambledtillsuppertimethroughtheorderlyavenuesbetweenthelinesofwalnuttrees.他在兩旁胡桃樹整齊林立的街道上散步一直到吃晚飯時(shí)。類型三：踱步pacev.來(lái)回踱步Beforetheplay，Ipacedbackandforthintheroom.演出前，我在房間里來(lái)回踱步。類型四：躡手躡腳地走creepv.躡手躡腳地移動(dòng)ThenIcreptdownstairsandexaminedthetagsattachedtoeachofthepackages.然后我悄悄地走到樓下，檢查了每個(gè)包裹上的標(biāo)簽。tiptoev.躡手躡腳地Curioustoknowwhatwasinside,hetiptoedintothedarkcave.他好奇地想知道里面是什么，踮著腳走進(jìn)了黑暗的洞穴。類型五：蹣跚；走得不穩(wěn)staggerv．蹣跚Heclutchedhischest,staggeredtothenearestbuildingandslumpedsittingtothesidewalk.他抓住胸口，步履蹣跚地走到最近的墻旁，頹然倒在人行道上。stumblev.跌跌撞撞地走Thethicksmokecausedhimtostumbleblindlyaround,burnedhiseyes,andmadeitimpossibletobreathe.濃煙使他盲目地跌跌撞撞地走，灼傷了他的眼睛，使他無(wú)法呼吸。類型六：快走stormoutof氣沖沖地走出Hestormedoutoftheroominaburstofangerandslammedthedoorfuriously.他怒氣沖沖地沖出房間，狠狠地關(guān)上門。hustlev．快速行走；趕緊You'llhavetohustleifyou'retogethomeforsupper.你想趕回家吃晚飯的話，就得加快速度。leaptoone'sfeet跳躍Heleapttohisfeetandrushedoutofthelivingroom.他一躍而起，沖出了客廳。springfrom從……跳起來(lái)Hesprungfromhischairandrushedtopickupthetelephone.他從椅子上跳起來(lái)，跑去接電話。類型七：朝……走madeone'sway朝……走ThenLisastoodupandmadeherwaythroughthecrowdtowardme.然后麗莎站了起來(lái)，穿過(guò)人群朝我走來(lái)。headfor去往……Clutchingthetincan,heheadedfortheshop.他抓著鐵罐，向商店走去。即時(shí)演練2運(yùn)用具體動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子1．她沿著小路躡手躡腳地走著，迅速?gòu)澫卵p輕地用雙手罩著蝴蝶。(creep,cup)Shecreptalongthepath,bentoverswiftlyandcuppedherhandsaroundthebutterflygently.2．她向前沖過(guò)去，跪下來(lái)，把兒子抱在懷里。(dash,gather)Shedashedforward,kneltdownandgatheredhersonintoherarms.3．孩子們興奮地沖到湖邊，脫下衣服，跳進(jìn)水里。(rush,dive)Thechildrenrushedexcitedlytothelake,tookofftheirclothesanddivedintothewater.4．歌手瞥了一眼觀眾，深吸了一口氣，開始唱歌。(glance)Thesingerglancedattheaudience,tookadeepbreathandbegantosing.5．男孩把最后一個(gè)包舉到肩上，露出了燦爛的微笑。(flash)Theboyliftedthelastbagontohisshoulder,andflashedabrightsmile.6．男孩把書放在原處，小心翼翼地走出房間。(tiptoe)Puttingthebookwhereitbelonged,theboytiptoedoutoftheroomaslightlyaspossible.高效技法3形象化：添加修飾成分，做到描寫生動(dòng)除了精準(zhǔn)選用表示動(dòng)作的詞語(yǔ)，還要給動(dòng)詞加上適當(dāng)?shù)男揎棾煞?，使?dòng)作更加形象生動(dòng)。適當(dāng)?shù)男揎椪Z(yǔ)能細(xì)致地表達(dá)出動(dòng)作的時(shí)間、幅度、速度、力度等，使人物形象更具活力，能更好地表現(xiàn)人物的鮮明個(gè)性與思想境界。動(dòng)作描寫中最常見的修飾成分就是狀語(yǔ)，如副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。其次是定語(yǔ)，如形容詞等。在體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的迅速和短暫時(shí)，我們可以添加以下修飾語(yǔ)：immediately,withoutdelay,witouthesitation等。比如下面兩個(gè)句子：①Thewolfalsonoticedthemandturneditsheadback,shoutingatPaulandBecky.狼也注意到他們，回頭朝保羅和貝基喊叫。②Atthesametime,thewolfalsonoticedthemandfiercelyturneditsheadback,shoutingloudlyatPaulandBecky.與此同時(shí)，狼也注意到了他們，惡狠狠地轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭，對(duì)保羅和貝基大聲喊叫。分析：第二句中加上atthesametime(與此同時(shí)),fiercely(激烈地),loudly(大聲地)，就把這兩個(gè)人遇到狼的危險(xiǎn)情況生動(dòng)地表達(dá)出來(lái)了。句型公式1：“with/in介詞短語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)”或者“主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋with/in介詞短語(yǔ)”說(shuō)明：可以添加介詞短語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞。①with＋情感名詞withdelight/excitement/pleasure/happiness/joy/satisfaction/anger/rage/patience/fear/terror/embarrassment/pride/caution/care/patience/certainty等(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then,withmyheartflutteringwithexcitement，Iattendedtheawardpresentation.然后，我興奮得激動(dòng)起來(lái)，參加了頒獎(jiǎng)典禮。②with＋身體部位withitshungryredeyes/itssharpteeth/hershakyhand/herpalelips等TheferociouswolfstaredatMacwithitshungryredeyes.兇猛的狼用它那只饑餓的紅眼睛盯著麥克。③in＋情感名詞insurprise/amazement/shock/sorrow等Whentheirmothersawthedeliciousandperfectbreakfastinfrontofher,shewidenedhereyesinsurprise.當(dāng)他們的媽媽看到眼前美味完美的早餐時(shí)，她驚訝地睜大了眼睛。④in＋...voiceinahigh/low/sweet/loud/soft/weakvoice等(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Pattingonhisshoulder,Isaidinasoftvoice，“Iheardyouhadworkedsohardforthisevent.”我拍著他的肩膀，用一種溫柔的聲音說(shuō)：“我聽說(shuō)你為這次活動(dòng)付出了那么多的努力?！本湫凸?：主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋富有表現(xiàn)力的副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)常用的高頻副詞有：cheerfully,curiously,eagerly,excitedly,fiercely,firmly,joyfully,immediately,impatiently,restlessly,swiftly,suddenly等。如在體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的迅速時(shí)，可添加以下介詞短語(yǔ)：withoutpausing,withoutdelay等。Politelyandexcitedly,heaskedMrs.Meredithtoteachhimhowtomakepopcorn.他禮貌而興奮地請(qǐng)梅瑞狄斯太太教他如何做爆米花。Macjumpedoffthebikeandslidintothecarwithoutdelay.麥克跳下自行車，立刻鉆進(jìn)了車?yán)?。句型公?：富有表現(xiàn)力的形容詞＋名詞恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用富有表現(xiàn)力的形容詞，能有效提升句子的表現(xiàn)力，增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)效果。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thewholeclassburstintothunderousapplause.Afterclass,AnneandIrushedtothehalltoaccepttheawards.全班同學(xué)都爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。下課后，安妮和我沖到大廳去接受頒獎(jiǎng)典禮。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Beforeleavinghisoffice，Iexpressedmyutmostgratitudetohimandhuggedhimagain.在離開他的辦公室之前，我對(duì)他表達(dá)了極大的感激，并再次擁抱了他。即時(shí)演練3運(yùn)用富有表現(xiàn)力的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)完成/翻譯下列句子1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我緊緊地?fù)肀е屑さ卣f(shuō)：“沒有你的鼓勵(lì)，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)報(bào)名參加寫作比賽。”Ihuggedhimtightly,sayingthankfully，“NeverwillIsignupforthewritingcompetitionwithoutyourencouragement.”2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)當(dāng)走到終點(diǎn)線時(shí)，他突然露出燦爛的笑容，興奮地向我揮手，喊道：“我成功了！我成功了！”Whenapproachingthefinishingline,heburstintoabigtoothysmileandwavedtomewithexci