必修第一冊(cè)Unit1閱讀理解題組練速度

（35mins）

閱讀理解

A

（2024.天津3月卷）

Humanshaveevolved（進(jìn)化）tospendlongperiodsdoingphysicalexercise.Butwhy

doesn'teveryoneenjoyexercising?Thecomplexityofthehumanbrainistoblame.

Evolvinganabilitydoesn'tautomaticallymeanwe'11wanttouseit.Whilephysical

exerciseisn'tthatbad,it'sstilltypicallyunpleasant.lthastobe:you?repushingyourbody

toitsphysicallimits,whichleadstosignificantdiscomfort.

Anotherissueisthatthehumanbrainishighlysensitivetowastedeffort.Studieshave

shownthatitcalculatestheeffortrequiredforactionsandtendstostopusfromsquandering

vitalresourcesonfruitlessefforts,likewalkingover30kmforahandfulofberries.

Thethingis,regularexercisetoget"inshape“requiresconstantandconsiderableeffort

一allforgradualprogressanduncertainrewards.So,yourbrain?stendencytoask,“Isit

worthit?”willbehardtoquieten.Thisparticularfeaturealsomeanswetypicallyprefer

thingswhichofferminimumeffortformaximumreward.

Thankfully,thehumanbrainisacomplexorgan.ltisn'truledbyitsmoreprimitive

drives.Whilemanyspecies,thoughtprocessesarelimitedto"Food,eat

it!”,“Danger,run!","Pain,avoid!”,we'veevolvedbeyondthat.Ourbrainscanformmultiple

long-termgoalsandambitions.Wecanimagineadesirablefuturescenario（情況），figureout

howwe'dachieveit,anddojustthat.Oratleastworktowardit.Thisdirectlyimpactshow

ourbrainprocessesmotivationandwillpower.ltmakesuscapableofdelayedgratification（滿

足）:wecanrecognizethatrejectingarewardnowcanleadtoagreaterrewardlater,andact

accordingly.

Sohowdoesthebrainprocessmotivation?Theself-discrepancy（自我差異）theory

suggestswehaveseveral“selves“activeinourmindsatanygiventime:our“actual”self,our

“ideal"self,andour"ought"self.Your“actual“selfishowyouarerightnow.Your“ideal”

selfiswhatyouwanttobe.Andyour“ought“selfistheselfthatdoeswhatyououghttobe

doingtobecomeyour“ideal"self.So,ifyour“ideal“selfisaprofessionalfootballer,andyour

“actual''selfisn't,your“ought“selfistheonethatspendsalotoftime

training,exercising,andgettingbetteratfootball.

Asfarasyourbrainisconcerned,thereareprocessesthatdiscourageexercise,and

processesthatencourageit.Ideally,you,11endupputtingmoreweightonthelatterthanthe

former.

l.Whatcanbelearntfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Somepeoplearebornphysicallyweakerthanothers.

B.Somepeopledislikedrivingthemselvestoohardphysically.

C.Mostpeoplehavethehabitofdoingphysicalexercise.

D.Mostpeopledophysicalexerciseforcomfortandpleasure.

2.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"squandering“inParagraph3?

A.Conserving.

B.Mixing.

C.Misusing.

D.Sharing.

3.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingParagraph4?

A.Toraiseaquestion.

B.Toprovideadefinition.

C.Tomakeacomparison.

D.Tofurtherexplainapoint.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,howarehumansdifferentfrommanyotherspecies?

A.Humansareabletopictureafavorablefuture.

B.Humansbenefitmorefrompainfulexperiences.

C.Humanscaremoreaboutimmediaterewards.

D.Humansareskilledatavoidingdangers.

5.Accordingtotheself-discrepancytheory,whopresentsthemostactive“ought"self?

A.Afootballerdreamingofbecomingamoviestar.

B.AstudenteatingpotatochipswhilewatchingTV.

C.Aprofessionaldancerperformingatatheatre.

D.AswimmertrainingtowinanOlympicmedal.

B

WhenpeopleaskmehowIstartedwriting,!findmyselfdescribinganurgentneedthatI

felttoworkwithlanguage.Havingsaidthat,IdidnotknowforalongtimewhatIwaslooking

for.ltwasnotuntilIfollowedthisfeelingtoitssourcethatIdiscoveredIhadapassionfor

writing.Withsomeencouragementfrommycolleagues,!hadoneofmypoems

published.Thisbitofsuccess,however,wasthepointwheremyproblembegan.

Backin1978,1hadtotravelbetweenthreedifferentcampusesinthemorning,teaching

freshmancomposition.AfternoonsIspenttakingmydaughtertoherballetandhorse-riding

lessons.!composedmylecturesontheway,andthatwasallthethinkingtimeIhad.WhenI

returnedhome,therewasnotenoughofmeleftforwritingafterafullworkingday.

Asawayout,Idecidedtogetuptwohoursbeforemyusualtime.Myalarmwassetfor

5:00am.ThefirstdayIshutitoffbecauseIhadplaceditwithinarm'sreach.TheseconddayI

settwoclocks,oneonmynighttable,andoneoutinthehallway.Ihadtojumpoutofbedand

runtosilenceitbeforemyfamilywasawoken.Thiswaswhenmymorningwritingbegan.

Sincethatfirstmorningin1978,1havebeenfollowingthehabittothisday,notmaking

oracceptingmanyexcusesfornotwriting.Iwrotemypoemsinthismannerfornearlyten

yearsbeforemyfirstbookwaspublished.WhenIdecidedtowriteanovel,Idividedmytwo

hours:thefirstforpoetry,thesecondforfiction.Wellorbadly,!wroteatleasttwopagesa

day.Thisishowmynovel,77zeLineofthe5wn,wasfinished.IfIhadwaitedtohavethetime,I

wouldstillbewaitingtowritemynovel.

WhatIgotoutofgettingupinthedarktoworkisthefeelingthatIamincontrol.For

manypeople,theinitialsenseofurgencytocreateeasilydiesawaybecauseitrequiresmaking

thetoughdecisionmakingthetimetocreate,stealingitfromyourselfifit'stheonlyway.

6.Whatmotivatedtheauthortostartherwritingcareer?

A.Herstrongwishtoshare.

B.Herkeeninterestinwriting.

C.Herurgentneedtomakealiving.

D.Herpassionatedesireforfame.

7.Whatproblemdidtheauthorfacewhenshedecidedtobeginherwriting?

A.Shewastooexhaustedtowriteafterabusyday.

B.Shehadtroubleindecidingonherwritingstyle.

C.Shehadtotaketimetodisciplineherdaughter.

D.Shewasunsureaboutherwritingskills.

8.Whydidtheauthorplaceanalarmclockinthehallway?

A.Incasetheclockinherroombrokedown.

B.Incaseshefailedtoheartheringing.

C.Toforceherselfoutofbed.

D.Towakeupherfamily.

9.Howdidtheauthormanagetofinishhernovel?

A.Bystickingtowritingeverymorning.

B.Bywritingwhenhermindwasmostactive.

C.Bydrawinginspirationsfromclassicnovels.

D.Byreducingherteachinghoursatschool.

lO.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'ssuccessinherwritingcareer?

A.Itisnevertoolatetochangeyourjob.

B.Imaginativeideasdieawayifnottakenintime.

C.Atightscheduleisnoexcuseforlackofaction.

D.Dailylifeprovidesideasforcreativewriting.

C

Sportsfandomisaboutmorethanjustentertainment.ltcanboostyourself-esteem(自尊)

andmakeyouhappier-andyoudon'thavetorootforthewinningteamtogainthebenefits.

Beingasportsfanisa“verypsychologicallyhealthyactivity,,9saysDaniel

Wann,professoratMurrayStateUniversitywhoseresearchprogramcentersonthe

psychologyofsportsfandom.C6Fandomconnectsustootherlike-mindedpeople,which

satisfiesourhumanneedforbelonging,9,hesays.

“Theserelationshipsaresignificant:Peoplewhoareidentifiedassportsfanshavehigher

levelsofself-esteem,andlowerlevelsoflonelinessandtendtobemoresatisfiedwiththeir

livescomparedtothosewhoaren'tinterestedinsports,9,Wannsays.Fanstendtohavemore

accesstosocialsupport,helpandresourcesaswell.Researchsuggeststhatwhenpeoplehave

supportfromtheircommunities,theyhavebetterhealth.

“Beyondbonding,fansgettoenjoythepsychologicalbenefitsofwinning,evenifthey

havenothingtodowiththeplayersorgames,"saysStephenReysen,associateprofessorat

TexasA&MUniversity-Commercewhostudiesidentityandfandom.

"Individualsfeelthatthefaninterest(inthiscaseasportsteam)isapartof

themJReysensays.uSowhentheteamiswinning,youfeellikeyouarewinningeventhough

youarenotaplayer."

Ofcourse,teamssometimeslose.

So,whydopeoplecontinuetoputtheirfaithbehindteamsthattendtolose?uPeoplewho

feelastrongpsychologicalconnectiontoateamaremorelikelytorootforateamwhen

they'rehavingalosingseason,^Reysensays.

“Sportsfandomhasnothingtodowiththeoutcomeofagame,"Wannsays.For

example,ifapizzarestaurantcontinuallygotyourorderwrong,youfdlikelyswitchtoamore

reliableone.Butbecausebeingafanissocentraltopeople'sidentities,peoplearewillingto

acceptdefeatandcontinuetobeloyaltoateam.

Beingpartofafancommunitycanalsohelppeoplecopewithlosses.A2019study

foundthatwatchingafootballgamewithotherfanshelpedtoeasethenegativepsychological

effectsoflosing.

“Forfansofthelosingteam,sharingthepainmayhaveprotectedthemfromlosingself-

esteem,^SilviaKnobloch-Westerwick,co-authorofthestudyandprofessorofcommunication

attheOhioStateUniversitysaidinarelease.

11.Accordingtothepassage,whydosportsfansfeelhappier?

A.Becausetheycangainthebenefitsfromthewinningteam.

B.Becausetheycansharepainsandhappinesswithpeoplewhohavethecommoninterests.

C.Becausetheycanhavealowlevelofself-esteem.

D.Becausemostofthemareoptimistic.

ll.Whatisthesignificanceoftherelationshipsbetweensportsfans?

A.Sportsfanshavesupportfromtheirfavoriteteams.

B.Sportsfanshavehigherlevelsofloneliness.

C.Sportsfansarelikelymorecontentwiththeirlives.

D.Sportsfanstendtocomparethemselvestothosewhoaren'tinterestedinsports.

13.Accordingtothepassage,iftheteamhasalosingseason,thesportsfansmay.

A.displaytheiridentities

B.haveaboostofself-esteem

C.notsupporttheteamanymore

D.haveanegativepsychologyperiod

14.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanhelpsportsfansdealwithlossesoftheirteam?

A.Beingpartoftheteam.

B.Orderingapizzainadifferentrestaurant.

C.Sharingthepainwithfamilymembers.

D.Theloyaltytotheteam.

15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Sportsfanshaveacloserrelationshipwithotherlike-mindedpeople.

B.Sportsfanshavehigherself-esteemandaremoresatisfiedwiththeirlives.

C.Sportsfansalwaysputtheirfaithbehindtheirfavoriteteams.

D.Sportsfandomhasnothingtodowiththeoutcomeofagame.

D

MoscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomicswithcharactersfromRussianfairy

talestoexplaintomigrants（移民）howtheyshouldbehave.Theysaya100guideis

neededto"maintainapositiveimage“ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce“tensions“between

nativesandmigrants.Butsomepeoplehavepointedoutthatforeignmigrantsandnativesmay

beviewedasantagonistsinthemanual（使用手冊(cè)）.Theythinkmigrantsandnativesshould

livetogetherinharmony.

RussiansandmigrantshaverepeatedlyfloodedinMoscowrecently.Manymigrants

arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapitaFsjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhigh

salaries.AsignificantnumberofthemworkintheRussiancapitalillegally.

ThenewguideinRussiaseekstoexplainthe“dos"and"don'ts"tomigrants.Theyare

urgednottocausetrouble,bystaringatwomen,oreatingortalkingloudlyonthestreets.They

arealsowarnedthatthepolicemayroutinelystopthemtochecktheirdocuments.

Inthemanual,Russia'sfamous“threewarriors^^aremeanttorepresentthecity'slaw

enforcementagencies,whilePrinceYuriDolgoruky（ahistoricalcharacter）isusedfortours

aroundMoscow.Meanwhile,詬5〃加。theWiseandTheSnowMaidentestthereaderon

Russia'slanguageandhistory.Aspecialsectionofthebookexplainstheimportanceof

followingMoscow'sstrictresidencyandemploymentrules,stressingthatmigrantscould

otherwisebedeported?區(qū)逐出境）orbannedfromentry.

“Themanualwaswrittenprimarilyforillegalmigrants,^AlexanderKalinin,whoheads

thegroupSupportforWorkingMigrantsinMoscow,said.

“Wewanttoraisetheirleveloflawawareness,9,headded.

“Inthebeginningmigrantshadbeenidentifiedasrepresentativesofdifferent

nationalities,butthebook'sauthorslaterdecidedtodropthisideasoas'nottooffend

anyone',"saidMrKalinin.

“TheoldconflictbetweenRussianheroesandnon-Slavicinvadersappears

again「YevgenyVarshaver,amigrationexpertsaid.Healsosuggestedthatthelanguageused

inthebookwouldbe“difficult“tounderstandforsomemigrantswhowerenotnative

Russianspeakers.

16.Theunderlinedword"antagonists“inParagraph1canprobablybereplacedby.

A.strangersB.opponents

C.competitorsD.acquaintances

17.PeoplefromothercountriescometoMoscow.

A.toenjoythefineclimate

B.tohaveanewlifestyle

C.tofindoccupationswithgoodincomes

D.toexperienceanewculture

18.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemanual?

A.Itmaynotmakemigrantsandnativesliveinharmony.

B.Itisfulloffunnystoriesfromfairytales.

C.Itaimstoprotecttherightsoflocalsandmigrants.

D.Itsetsstrictandcruelrulestomigrants.

19.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thebookwillmakeiteasyforforeignmigrantstoread.

B.Foreignmigrantsmayfindthemanualinterestingtoread.

C.TheRussianlanguageishardforforeignmigrantstolearn.

D.Foreignmigrantsmayhavedifficultyreadingthemanual.

2O.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.WaystohelpforeignmigrantstosettleinRussia

B.MoreandmoreforeignmigrantsworkinMoscow

C.Moscowfairytalecomicstohelpmigrantsbehave

D.CharactersfromRussianfairytalesattractpublicattention

必修第一冊(cè)Unit1閱讀理解題組練速度

1.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butwhydoesn'teveryoneenjoyexercising?”和第

二段中“Whilephysicalexerciseisn'tthatbad,it'sstilltypicallyunpleasant.lthastobe:you're

pushingyourbodytoitsphysicallimits,whichleadstosignificantdiscomfbrt.”可知,有些人

不喜歡鍛煉是身體被迫達(dá)到體能極限時(shí)會(huì)感到明顯不適。由此可知，有些人不喜歡對(duì)自

己的身體施加太大的壓力。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞的上文“Anotherissueisthatthehumanbrainis

highlysensitivetowastedeffort.Studieshaveshownthatitcalculatestheeffortrequiredfor

actions”可知,人腦對(duì)無(wú)謂的努力很抵觸。由此可知，此處指“它會(huì)阻止我們將重要資源浪

費(fèi)在無(wú)效的努力上”,畫(huà)線詞的意思應(yīng)該是“浪費(fèi)，濫用”,與Misusing意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.D解析推理判斷題。第三段中的"Anotherissueisthatthehumanbrainishighly

sensitivetowastedeffort.”指出人腦對(duì)無(wú)謂的努力很抵觸，第四段“Thethingis,regular

exercisetoget6inshape'requiresconstantandconsiderableeffort...Thisparticularfeature

alsomeanswetypicallypreferthingswhichofferminimumeffortformaximumreward”用規(guī)

律鍛煉以保持身材的例子具體說(shuō)明人腦的這種工作機(jī)制。由此可知，作者寫(xiě)第四段的目

的是進(jìn)一步解釋上文的觀點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Whilemanyspecies9thoughtprocessesarelimited

totFood,eatit!5/Danger,run!\4Pain,avoid!9...Wecanimagineadesirablefuturescenario（情

況）,figureouthowwe'dachieveit,anddojustthat.”可知,人類與許多其他物種的不同之處

在于，人類能夠想象一個(gè)美好的未來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)。

5.D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中“Andyour"ought5selfistheselfthatdoeswhat

yououghttobedoingtobecomeyour"ideal9self...alotoftimetraining,exercising,and

gettingbetteratfootball.”可知，“自我差異”理論認(rèn)為“應(yīng)該”自我會(huì)使人為奮斗目標(biāo)持續(xù)努

力。由此可知，為贏得奧運(yùn)獎(jiǎng)牌而訓(xùn)練的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員表現(xiàn)出最活躍的“應(yīng)該“自我。故選

D項(xiàng)。

6.B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句"...Ifindmyselfdescribinganurgentneedthat

Ifelttoworkwithlanguage."和第三句"ItwasnotuntilIfollowedthisfeelingtoitssource

thatIdiscoveredIhadapassionforwriting.”可知，作者感覺(jué)自己迫切需要從事語(yǔ)言工作，

直到追溯這種感覺(jué)的根源才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己熱愛(ài)寫(xiě)作，所以是作者對(duì)寫(xiě)作的強(qiáng)烈興趣促使她開(kāi)

始了自己的寫(xiě)作生涯。故選B項(xiàng)。

7.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"WhenIreturnedhome,therewasnot

enoughofmeleftforwritingafterafullworkingday可知，當(dāng)作者忙完了一整天的工作回

到家后，已經(jīng)沒(méi)有足夠的精力去寫(xiě)作了。故選A項(xiàng)。

8.C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句"ThefirstdayIshutitoffbecauseIhadplaced

itwithinarm'sreach.”和倒數(shù)第二句"Ihadtojumpoutofbedandruntosilenceitbeforemy

familywasawoken「可知，作者第一天關(guān)掉鬧鐘后又睡著了，所以作者把鬧鐘放在門廳是

為了強(qiáng)迫自己起床。故選C項(xiàng)。

9.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Sincethatfirstmorningin1978,1have

beenfollowingthehabittothisday..."和"Wellorbadly,!wroteatleasttwopagesaday.This

ishowmynovel,Lineofthe5wn,wasfinished.”可知,作者堅(jiān)持每天早晨至少寫(xiě)兩頁(yè)，通

過(guò)這種方式完成了小說(shuō)的寫(xiě)作。故選A項(xiàng)。

10.C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者的經(jīng)歷可知，雖然作者每天忙于工作和生活,但是對(duì)