學年度下學期高一年級期末考試英語試卷考試時間：分鐘試卷滿分：分注意事項：答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。答選擇題時必須使用擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。答非選擇題時，必須使用毫米黑色簽字筆，將答案書寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將試題卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howdoesthemanmostprobablyfeelnow?A.Angry.B.Upset.C.Surprised.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whatareyoureading,David?M:Aletter.ItsaysI’mnotfitforthejob.I’vereceivedmanysimilarletters.MaybeI’llnevergetajob.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhichhotelwillMarychoose?A.Theoneonahill.B.Theonebytheriver.C.Theoneinthewoods.【答案】A【解析】第1頁/共26頁【原文】M:Mary,whichhotelwouldyouliketochoose,theonebytheriver,ortheoneinthewoods?W:I’dliketochoosetheoneontopofahill.Itthebestviews.M:OK.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】HowwillthemangettoChicago?A.Byplane.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Jim,you’regoingtoChicagotomorrow,aren’tyou?M:IthoughtI’dfly,butthenIdecidedthattakingabuswouldbecheaperthandrivingorflying.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Cindy’sage.B.Cindy’sfaceshape.C.Cindy’snewhairstyle.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Cindy,lookatyou.lookdifferenttoday.W:Ihadmyhairdoneyesterday.M:Ireallyloveit.Itmakesyoulookmuchyounger.Itreallysuitstheshapeofyourface.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwillthemanprobablydotomorrownight?A.Giveaperformance.B.Prepareforaperformance.C.aperformance.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Iheardyou’regoingtogiveaperformancetonight.W:No.It’stomorrownight.I’llpracticewithmyfriendstonight.Doyouwanttoeandwatchittomorrownight?M:Certainly.第二節(jié)（共小題，每小題分，滿分分）第2頁/共26頁聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽完后各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。6.Whatlevelofthecourseisthemaninterestedin?A.Level1.B.Level2.C.Level3.7.Howmanyclasseswillthemanhaveintotal?A.16.B.32.C.48.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:MayIhelpyou?M:IwanttotakeanEnglishcoursehere.Pleasetellmeaboutyourcourses.W:havecoursesofdifferentlevels.Level1isforbeginners,level2isforthosewhohavelearnedEnglishforoverayear,andlevel3isforadvancedlearners.M:I’dlikeacourseforbeginners.HowmuchdoIhavetopay?W:450dollarsintotal.haveclassestwiceaweekandthecoursewilllastsixteenweeks.M:Whendoestheclassbegin?W:ItbeginsnextMonday.M:Gotit.8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Customerandwaitress.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Husbandandwife.9.Whatwastheproblemwiththeman’sshirt?A.Itbecamedirty.B.Itwaswetthrough.C.Itwastoooldtowear.10.Whenwillthedrycleanerclose?A.At12:30pmtoday.B.At1o’clockthisafternoon.C.At9o’clocktomorrowmorning.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【解析】第3頁/共26頁【原文】W:Dick,what’sonyourshirt?M:Ourdaughterspilledsomepaintsonitbyaccidentwhenweweredrawing.W:Whynotwearanotherone?Idon’tthinkyoucanwearthattoworkM:right,butmyclothesareatthedrycleaner’sW:Whynotgoandpickupyourclothesnow?Andyou’dbetterhurry.Thereisanoticethatsaysitwillcloseat1:00pm.Itwon’topenuntil9:00tomorrowmorning.It’salready12:30M:Ireallyshouldhurry.Thanksfortellingmethat.W:wele.WhatdoesthewomanwantJasontodo?A.Godowntownshopping.B.Preparesomefood.C.Attendaparty.12.WhatdidJasondoatthepartylastnight?A.Hesangmanysongs.B.Hedancedwithsomeone.C.Heplayedapieceofmusic.13.Howwillthewomangototheparty?A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.【答案】C12.A13.C【解析】原文】W:Jason,thereisapartydowntowntonight.Doyouwanttogo?M:Ijustwenttoapartylastnight.Idon’tfeellikegoingtoapartyagaintonight.W:Sohowwasthepartylastnight?M:Itwasgreat.Therewasmusic,foodanddrinks.Isangalotandenjoyedthefoodanddrinks.W:Sodidyoudance?M:Me?No.I’mnotgoodatit.Soareyougoingtothepartytonight?W:That’smyplan.Itbeginsat7:00pm.ButI’llprobablyarrivethereatabout8:00pm.It’sabitfarfromhere.M:Howwillyougothere?Bybusorbytaxi?W:Neither.Thepartyisnearasubwaystation.第4頁/共26頁14.WhydoesSusanlookalittledepressed?A.Shefailedhermathexam.B.Shecouldn’tfindastudypartner.C.Shedidn’tenteragoodhighschool.15.WhatisSusan’sattitudetowardstheman’sadvice?A.B.Interested.C.Doubtful.16.WhatsubjectisRobertgoodat?A.English.B.Math.C.History.【答案】14.A15.B16.B【解析】【原文】M:Susan,youlookabitdown.What’swrong?W:IjustgotanFonmymathexam.I’mreallybadatthissubject.I’mafraidIwon’tbeabletoenteragoodhighschool.M:Whynotfindastudypartnerinyourclass?W:Astudypartner?Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.M:Whatsubjectsareyougoodat?W:Englishandhistory.Ilovethesetwosubjects.M:Inthiscase,whynotfindsomeonewhoisgoodatmathbutdoespoorlyinEnglishorhistory?W:Ireallyknowsomeone.It’sRobert.M:Isittheboywithshortgoldenhair?W:Helovesmath.Andhealsolikesreadingnovelsbyfamouswriters.M:He’saveryniceboy.I’msurehe’llbemorethanhappytobeyourstudypartner.17.Whomisthespeakertalkingto?A.Parents.B.C.Students.18.Howmanyminutesofexercisemayhelpyoungpeoplerememberbetter?A.5.B.15.C.50.19.Whichmethodcanhelptoimprovestudents’memory?A.Havingaprestudytest.B.Studyinginafixedplace.C.exerciseafterstudying.第5頁/共26頁20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.tohelpremembermorewords.B.Theimportanceofdoingexercise.C.Thingstodobeforestudying.【答案】17.C18.B19.A20.C【解析】【原文】Manystudentsthinkabouthowtobestspendtheirtimewhilestudying.Butwhatesbeforestudyingcanbeimportanttoo—especiallyifyouwanttoimproveyourmemoryofwhatyouhavelearned.Doingexercisebeforeyoustudymayhelpyoubetterrememberwhatyoulearn.Astudyshowsthatagroupofyoungpeoplewhodid15minutesoftrainingrememberedmorewords.Somestudiessuggesttheimportanceofdifferentkindsofexercise.Itseemsthatbothlongandslowexercisehavebetterinfluencesonmemory.Locationisalsoimportantforimprovingyourlearning.Whileitisgoodtohaveadeskoraspecialstudyarea,someresearchsuggeststhatchangingwhereyoustudycouldhelpyouremembermoreofwhatyou’velearnt.Thereasonisthatourmemoriessometimesdependonthingsinourenvironment.Forexample,abookmightremindyouofsomethinginterestingwhileyouarereadingit.Athirdwayyoucanimproveyourstudyisbytakingaprestudytest.Itisoneofthebestwaystomakeyourselfremembernewinformation.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ALifeinthemountainshasappealforavarietyofreasons—youmayenjoythenaturalbeautyorsimplyliketheideaofhittingthehikingtrails(路徑).Thesearesomeoptionstolivenearthemountains.LocatedinthefoothillsoftheRockyMountains,Boulderistheidealspotforpeoplewhowanttolivenearthemountainswithoutsacrificinggoodjobs.aerospaceandhighereducationaremajorindustriesthatlendtohighsalaries.Dozensoftrailsvarioushikingopportunitiesforallexperiencelevels.Asheville,locatedintheBlueRidgeMountains,isknownforitsactiveartsmunityandbreathtakingviewsofthemountains.Whetherthey’redrawntotheaccesstotheoutdoorsortothehandmade,personaltouchof第6頁/共26頁AspotforbeautifulviewsoftheBlueRidgeMountains,Greenvillehaseasyaccesstotrailswithwaterfallsandlakedestinations.Therearethreestateparksthathikingandcamping,amongotheractivities.Greenvilleresidentsspendabout21%ofthearea’saveragehouseholdineonhousing.TherearemultiplehikingtrailsthatshowthebeautyoftheHawaiianislands,withplentyoflookoutpointstotakeinviewsofthecity.makeyourstaypermanent,however,youshouldspend,astypicalresidents,30%oftheaveragehouseholdineonrentorhomeloans.RelatedData:BoulderAshevilleGreenvilleHonoluluHome$881,147$358,383$330,545$581,658PriceAnnual$73,360$47,470$48,350$61,860SalaryPopulation328,,558918,1661,015,16721.Whatdotheseplaceshaveinmon?A.Easyhiking.B.Freshfood.C.activities.D.Highsalaries.22.Whichplaceismostattractivetoartlovers?A.Boulder.B.Asheville.C.Greenville.D.Honolulu.23.HowmuchistheaveragehousingcostinGreenville?A.$10,154.B.$14,505.C.$48,350.D.$330,545.【答案】21.A22.B23.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個離山近且適合居住的地方?！?1題詳解】第7頁/共26頁細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分“Lifeinthemountainshasappealforavarietyofreasonsyoumayenjoythenaturalbeautyorsimplyliketheideaofhittingthehikingtrails.(路徑)(景，也可能只是喜歡徒步旅行的想法)”可知，這些地方都適合徒步。故選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)部分中的“Asheville,locatedintheBlueRidgeMountains,isknownforitsactiveartsmunityandbreathtakingviewsofthemountains.Whetherthey’redrawntotheaccesstotheoutdoorsortothehandmade,personaltouchofgalleriesandfarmtotablerestaurants,plentyofpeoplearechoosingAshevilleastheirnewhometown.(戶外活動所吸引，還是被畫廊和農(nóng)場到餐桌餐廳的手工制作和個人風格所吸引，很多人都選擇阿什維爾作為他們的新家鄉(xiāng))”可知，阿什維爾對藝術(shù)愛好者最具吸引力。故選B?！?3題詳解】Greenville部分“Greenvilleresidentsspendabout21%ofthearea’saveragehouseholdineonhousing.(格林維爾居民在住房上的支出約占該地區(qū)平均家庭收入的21%)”再結(jié)合表格中的當?shù)啬昃杖霝椤?48,350”可知，這里平均住房消費為48,350×21%=10,153.5≈10,154A。BBillionaireCarlIcahnhassteppeduphisfightwithMcDonald’soverthewelfareofpigsusedinitsfoodchain.MrIcahn,whosereputationforshakinguppaniesmadehimaStreetlegend,hasproposedLeslieSamuelrichandMaisieGanzlerstandforelectionatthe2022annualmeeting.Heownsonly200McDonald’sshares(股份),whichgiveshimpowertostirupforchange,thoughitwasreportedthathewasinspiredbyhisdaughter,ananimalrightactivistwhohasworkedfortheHumaneSociety.McDonald’ssaysithasledthewayinimprovinganimalwelfarestandards.Thebattlecentersonclaimsaboutpregnantpigsbeingkeptinsmallcrates(板條箱),apracticeMrIcahnsaidwas“dirty”.HesaidMcDonald’shadnotliveduptoapromisetostoptheporkfrompigshousedincratesforthepregnant,apracticetargetedbyanimallovers.HehadaskedallMcDonald’sporksuppliersintheUStomoveto“cratefreepork”,alongtimeframeshehadset.ActivistinvestorssuchasMrIcahnoneofahandfuloffearedinvestorssaidtohavebeenthemodelforGordonGekkointhe1987movieStreetnormallyfocusonpaniestheybelieveneedrestructuring.McDonald’spromisedtostoporderingporkfromsuppliersputtingpregnantpigsincratesbackin2012.Thefirmsaidithad“l(fā)edtheindustry”sincethenandaboutathirdofUSporksuppliershavemovedtogrouphousingsystems.Itsaiditexpectedtosource85%to90%ofitsporkfromthesesuppliersbytheyear’send.Allofthepork第8頁/共26頁itbuyswillefromthesesuppliersby2024.McDonald’ssaidinastatementthatitwouldcontinuetoworkwiththeindustrytoimprovestandards,butthatsomeofMrIcahn’sdemandswereunreasonable.ItalsonotedthatMrIcahnwasthemajorityownerofwhichmakesandsuppliespackagingfortheporkandpoultryindustry.Itaddedthathehad“notpubliclycalled”ontomakesimilarmitments.24.WhatenablesMrIcahntofightwithMcDonald’s?A.Hisdeterminationforshakinguppanies.B.His200McDonald’sshares.C.Hisanimalloverdaughter.D.Hisproposalfortwopeople.25.Theunderlinedword“nononsense”inparagraph1probablymeans________.A.humorousandeasygoingB.directandseriousC.carelessandlazyD.unluckyandpoor26.WhatporkdoesMrIcahnremend?A.Porkfrompigsraisedbyconvention.B.Porkfrompigskeptinsmallcrates.C.Porkfromcratefreepigs.D.Porkfrompregnantpigs.27.WhathasMcDonaldsaid?A.AllitsporkwillmeetMrIcahn’sstandardthisyear.BIthasbeeNo.1inthefoodindustrysince2012.C.MrIcahnshouldmakethesamedemandforD.ItisunreasonableforMrIcahntobeanownerof【答案】24.B25.B26.C27.C【解析】CarlIcahn麥當勞采購非圈養(yǎng)的生豬?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Heownsonly200McDonald’sshares(股份),whichgiveshimpowertostirupforchange,thoughitwasreportedthathewasinspiredbyhisdaughter,ananimalrightactivistwhohasworkedfortheHumaneSociety.(他只擁有200股麥當勞的股票，這給了他推動變革的權(quán)力，盡管據(jù)報道，他是受到女兒的)·伊坎擁有的200股麥當勞股票使他能夠與麥當勞對抗。故選B?！?5題詳解】第9頁/共26頁詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中“MrIcahn,whosenononsensereputationforshakinguppaniesmadehimaStreetlegend,hasproposedLeslieSamuelrichandMaisieGanzlerstandforelectionatthe2022annualmeeting.(卡爾·伊坎以nononsense的作風而聞名，這使他成為了華爾街的傳奇人物。他提議萊斯利·塞繆爾里奇和梅西·甘茲勒參加2022年年會的選舉)·伊坎因重組公司而聞名，成為華爾街傳奇，這種行事風格應(yīng)是雷厲風行的，也就是直接而嚴肅的，因此可以推斷出“nononsense”的意思是“直接而嚴肅的”。故選B。【26題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“HehadaskedallMcDonald’sporksuppliersintheUStomoveto“cratefreepork”,alongtimeframeshehadset.(他要求麥當勞在美國的所有豬肉供應(yīng)商按照他設(shè)定的時間框架轉(zhuǎn)向“無板條箱豬肉”)”可知，卡爾·伊坎推薦的是來自無板條箱豬的豬肉。故選C?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ItalsonotedthatMrIcahnwasthemajorityownerofwhichmakesandsuppliespackagingfortheporkandpoultryindustry.Itaddedthathehad“notpubliclycalled”ontomakesimilarmitments.(報告補充說，他沒有“公開呼吁”做出類似的承諾)”可推知，麥當勞表示卡爾·伊坎應(yīng)該對提出同樣的要求。故選C。CAputerprogrammecanidentifybreastcancerfromroutinescanswithgreateraccuracythanhumanexperts,researcherssaidinwhattheyhopedcouldproveabreakthroughinthefightagainsttheglobalkiller.Breastcancerisoneofthemostmoncancersinwomen,withmorethan2millionnewdiagnoses(診斷)lastyearalone.Regularscreeningisvitalindetectingtheearliestsignsofthediseaseinpatientswhoshownoobvioussymptoms.InBritain,womenover50areadvisedtogetamammogram(X線照片)everythreeyears,theresultsofwhichareanalyzedbytwoindependentexperts.Butinterpretingthescansleavesroomforerror,andasmallpercentageofallmammogramseitherreturnafalsepositivemisdiagnosingahealthy’patientashavingcancerorfalsenegativemissingthediseaseasitspreads.NowresearchersatGoogleHealthhavetrainedanartificialintelligencemodeltodetectcancerinbreastscansfromthousandsofwomeninBritainandtheUnitedStates.Theimageshadalreadybeenreviewedbydoctorsinreallifebutunlikeinaclinicalsetting,themachinehadnopatienthistorytoinformitsdiagnoses.TheteamfoundthattheirAImodelcouldpredictbreastcancerfromthescanswithagreateraccuracythanhumanexpertdoctors.第10頁/共26頁Further,theAIshowedareductioninthepercentageofcaseswherecancerwasincorrectlyidentified—5.7percentintheUSand1.2percentinBritain,respectively.Italsoreducedthepercentageofmisseddiagnosesby9.4percentamongUSpatientsandby2.7percentinBritain.“Theearlieryouidentifyabreastcancerthebetteritisforthepatient,”DominicKing,UKleadatGoogleHealth,toldAFP.thinkaboutthistechnologyinawaythatsupportsandenablesanexpert,orapatientfinally,togetthebestoutefromwhateverdiagnosticsthey’vehad.”28.Whatdoresearchershopetheputerprogrammecouldprovetobeinthefightagainstbreastcancer?A.AnewtreatmentmethodB.AbreakthroughC.AreplacementforhumanexpertsD.Awaytoreducescancosts29.Whatisthedisadvantageofamammogram?A.Itmustbeprogrammedonaputer.B.Itsresultsmaybemisreadbydoctors.C.Itcan’tfindtheearliestsymptoms.D.Itcanonlyapplytowomenover50.30.WhatisknownaboutAIindetectingbreastcancer?A.Itwon’tfacethepatienttogetinformation.B.Itdoesn’tneedamammogramtodiagnose.C.Itcan’tpredictmorecorrectlythanhumans.D.Itdoesn’tgivefalsepositiveorfalsenegative.31.WhatisDominicKing’sattitudetotheAImodel?A.Positive.B.Doubtful.C.Unconcerned.D.Conservative.【答案】28.B29.B30.A31.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人工智能機器通過查看影像，識別乳腺癌的準確率比專家還高?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Aputerprogrammecanidentifybreastcancerfromroutinescanswithgreateraccuracythanhumanexperts,researcherssaidinwhattheyhopedcouldproveabreakthroughinthefightagainsttheglobalkiller.(研究人員稱，一種計算機程序可以通過常規(guī)掃描識別出乳腺癌，其準確性比人類專家更高。他們希望這一發(fā)現(xiàn)能在與全球殺手的斗爭中取得突破)”可知，研究人員希望該程序能成為對抗乳腺癌的突破。故選B?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“InBritain,womenover50areadvisedtogetamammogram(X線照片)everythreeyears,theresultsofwhichareanalyzedbytwoindependentexperts.Butinterpretingthescansleavesroomforerror,andasmallpercentageofallmammogramseitherreturnafalsepositivemisdiagnosingahealthy’patientas第11頁/共26頁havingcancerorfalsenegativemissingthediseaseasitspreads.(在英國，建議50歲以上的女性每三年做一次乳房X光檢查，檢查結(jié)果由兩位獨立專家進行分析。但對掃描結(jié)果的解讀也會留下錯誤的空間，而且所有乳房X光檢查中有一小部分要么是假陽性——將健康的病人誤診為癌癥——要么是假陰性——在疾病擴散時漏診)”可知，專家分析影像檢查的結(jié)果時容易出錯。故選B。【30題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theimageshadalreadybeenreviewedbydoctorsinreallifebutunlikeinaclinicalsetting,themachinehadnopatienthistorytoinformitsdiagnoses.(這些圖像已經(jīng)在現(xiàn)實生活中被醫(yī)生檢查過，但與臨床環(huán)境不同的是，這臺機器沒有病人的病史來提供診斷信息)”可知，人工智能機器只是從掃描的影像中去發(fā)現(xiàn)癌癥，但是不像在門診看病，AI不會面對病人。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“thinkaboutthistechnologyinawaythatsupportsandenablesanexpert,orapatientfinally,togetthebestoutefromwhateverdiagnosticsthey’vehad.(我們認為這項技術(shù)能夠支持專家或患者最終從他們所做的任何診斷中獲得最佳結(jié)果)”可知，DominicKing認為這個技術(shù)讓專家和病人獲得最好的結(jié)果，所以他的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A。DTheuniversehasbeenexpandingeversincetheBigBang,about14billionyearsago.Butscientistslongthoughtthatgravitywouldstrictlycontrolthisexpansion.Perhapstheuniversewouldkeepswelling,butmoreslowly.Orsomedaygravitymightcausetheuniversetocollapse(坍塌)backinonitself.Thatpredictioniscalledthe“BigCrunch.”In1998,though,thosepredictionswere.Astronomershadbeenwatchingsupernovaetheexplosionsofdistantstars.Measuringthedistancestothoseexplosionsletscientistscalculatehowfasttheuniversewasexpanding.Andtheresultsshockedthem.Theuniverseappearedtobeflyingapartfasterthaneverbefore.Evennow,scientistscan’texplainwhy.Buttheyhavecalledthephantomforcepushingtheuniverseapart“darkenergy.”Darkenergycan’tbemeasureddirectly.Butscientistscanevaluatehowmuchthereisbasedonhowfasttheuniverseisexpanding.Darkenergymakesupabout70percentofallthecontentsoftheuniverse.(Thosecontentsincludebothmatterandenergy.)Another25percentthetotalintheuniverseisaninvisiblesubstancecalleddarkmatter.Therestameasly5percentisnormalmatter.That’sthethatmakesupallvisibleobjectsintheuniverse.Thenatureofdarkenergyisoneofscience’sgreatestmysteries.Maybeitisapropertyofemptyspace.Maybeit’ssomekindofenergyfluidorfieldthatfillsspace.Sincewedon’tknowwhatdarkenergyis,it’shardtopredict第12頁/共26頁howitwillbehave.Farinthefuture,perhapsdarkenergywilloveretheforcesholdingtheuniversetogether.Theuniversewouldthentearitselfapart.Suchrunawayexpansioniscalledthe“BigRip.”Sodarkenergyiskeynotjustforunderstandingtheuniversetoday.It’salsokeytounderstandingthefinalfateoftheuniverse.32.Whatdidscientiststhinkofgravitybefore1998?A.ItcausedtheBigBang.B.ItmightcausetheBigCrunch.C.Itspeduptheuniverseexpansion.D.Itstoppedtheuniversefromswelling.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“upended”inparagraph3bestmean?A.Doubted.B.Confirmed.C.Mistaken.D.Overturned.34.Whatisknownaboutdarkenergy?A.Itiseitherfluidorfield.B.Itisaninvisiblenormalmatter.C.Ithelpsholdtheuniversetogether.D.Itisthemajorcontentsoftheuniverse.35.Whatisabesttitleforthepassage?A.Gravityadifferentfunction.B.Darkenergyanddarkmatter.C.Darkenergyamysteriousforce.D.BigBang,BigCrunchandBigRip.【答案】32.B33.D34.D35.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述1998年科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙加速膨脹，推測暗能量存在，其占宇宙70%，是影響宇宙命運的神秘力量?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Orsomedaygravitymightcausetheuniversetocollapsebackinonitself.Thatpredictioniscalledthe‘BigCrunch.’(或者有一天引力可能會導致宇宙自身坍塌，這一預(yù)測被稱為‘大擠壓’。)”可知，1998年前科學家認為引力可能引發(fā)“大擠壓”。故選B項?！?3題詳解】Andtheresultsshockedthem.Theuniverseappearedtobeflyingapartfasterthaneverbefore.()upendedoverturn意思一致。故選D項。【34題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Darkenergymakesupabout70percentofallthecontentsoftheuniverse.(暗能量約占宇宙所有物質(zhì)的70%。)”可知，暗能量是宇宙的主要組成部分。故選D項。第13頁/共26頁【35題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章以1998年的觀測為轉(zhuǎn)折點，重點介紹暗能量的發(fā)現(xiàn)、占比及其未解之謎，Thenatureofdarkenergyisoneofscience’sgreatestmysteries.(暗能量的本質(zhì)是科學最大的謎團之一。)”直接點明主題。所以C選項Darkenergyamysteriousforce.(暗能量——一種神秘的力量)準確覆蓋全文核心。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）Oftentimes,doingthingsinamoresustainablewaymeansdoingthemtheoldfashionedwayforexample,hangingclothesonalineinsteadofrunningthedryer.Makingsmallchangestoourroutinescanpaybiginvariousways:helpingtheplanetwhilesavingyoutime,money,orboth.___36___hopeyou’llbesurprisedbyhowbigadifferenceyoucanmakewithrelativelylittleRunthedishwasher.___37___Runningafulldishwasherusesanaverageof60percentlessenergythanhandwashing.Ifyoudon’thaveadishwasher,fillthesinkwithsuds(肥皂泡沫)onceinsteadofrunningthetapthewholetime.Thatway,you’lluseaboutafifthofthewater.___38___BarbershopsinNorthAmericaproducealotofwaste.Someofthatincludeshaircuts,whichhaveasurprisingvarietyofuses,amongthemabsorbingoilspillsandrecyclingintoinsulation(絕緣).SeeifyourbarbershopbelongstoGreenCircleBarbershop,whichreclaimsandrepurposesamillionpoundsofbeautywasteeveryyear.Measureyourself.Itmayseemsmarttoordermultiplesizeswhenshoppingforclothesonline,planningtoreturnthosethatdon’tfit.Buttheunfortunaterealityisthatmanyreturnedarticlesevenunopenedonesarediscarded,notresold.___39___Forgetfastfashion.Bythat,webasicallymeancheap,trendyclothingyou’llfindatstoresthatgetnewinventoryeverymonth.Mostoftheclothingcreatedbythesebrandsultimatelyendsupinlandfills:___40___Thankfully,there’sagrowingclubofpaniesthatprioritizesustainability,producingfewerbutlongerlastingarticles,oftenmadewithorganicorecofriendlyfabrics.A.Cutyourhairlessfrequently.B.Dosomethingdifferentwithyourhair.C.Goahead,letthehouseholddevicedoallthework.D.TheaverageAmericanthrowsaway82poundsofiteachyear.E.Newermachinesalsousefarlesswater,savingyoumoneyonbothbills.第14頁/共26頁F.thatinmindwe’vehadeasystepsthatwillhelpyougothemostdistance.G.So,takeyourmeasurementsandrelyonsizechartsandcustomerreviewsinstead.【答案】36.F37.C38.B39.G40.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一些有助于實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)生活的簡單方法，如使用洗碗機、對理發(fā)店廢棄物進行處理、合理網(wǎng)購衣物、拒絕快時尚等，通過這些小改變既能幫助地球又能節(jié)省時間和金錢?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Makingsmallchangestoourroutinescanpaybiginvariousways:helpingtheplanetwhilesavingyoutime,money,orboth.(同時，還能為你節(jié)省時間、金錢，或者兩者兼得)”及后文各段的做法可知，選項承上啟下，引出后文具體的可持續(xù)生活方法。故F選項“考慮到這一點，我們有一些簡單的步驟，可以幫助你在可持續(xù)生活上取得很大進展”符合語境，故選F。【37題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Runthedishwasher.(運行洗碗機)”下文“Runningafulldishwasherusesanaverageof60percentlessenergythanhandwashing.(使用滿載的洗碗機比手洗平均節(jié)省60%的能源)”可知，此處應(yīng)鼓勵使用洗碗機。故C選項“繼續(xù)吧，讓這個家用設(shè)備來做所有的工作”符合語境，故選C。【38題詳解】根據(jù)下文“BarbershopsinNorthAmericaproducealotofwaste.Someofthatincludeshaircuts,whichhaveasurprisingvarietyofuses,amongthemabsorbingoilspillsandrecyclingintoinsulation(絕緣).SeeifyourbarbershopbelongstoGreenCircleBarbershop,whichreclaimsandrepurposesamillionpoundsofbeautywasteeveryyear.(油和回收制成絕緣材料?？纯茨愕睦戆l(fā)店是否屬于綠環(huán)理發(fā)店，這種理發(fā)店每年回收并重新利用100萬磅的美容廢棄物)”可知，本段強調(diào)對理發(fā)店剪下的頭發(fā)進行不同處理，即回收利用。故B選項“對頭發(fā)做些不一樣的處理”符合，作為小標題概括該段內(nèi)容，故選B。【39題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Itmayseemsmarttoordermultiplesizeswhenshoppingforclothesonline,planningtoreturnthosethatdon’tfit.Buttheunfortunaterealityisthatmanyreturnedarticlesevenunopenedonesarediscarded,notresold.(在網(wǎng)上購買衣服時訂購多個尺碼，計劃退回那些不合身的衣服，這似乎很明智。但不幸的現(xiàn)實是，許多退回的物品——即使是未開封的——)”第15頁/共26頁因購買多個尺碼衣服造成浪費的方法。G選項“所以，量一下你的尺寸，轉(zhuǎn)而依靠尺碼表和顧客評價”符合語境，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Mostoftheclothingcreatedbythesebrandsultimatelyendsupinlandfills:(這些品牌生產(chǎn)的大多數(shù)服裝最終都進了垃圾填埋場)”可知，此處應(yīng)進一步說明美國人丟棄快時尚服裝的情況。故D選項“平均每個美國人每年扔掉82磅這樣的衣服”符合語境，故選D。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題1分，滿分分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Iwas16andlivingwithmyparentsinthedeepcountryandhadnoneighborssoIwouldalwayslookforwardtogoingtotowntovisitfriendsorgotothe___41___.Oneday,myfatheraskedmetodrivehimtotownforanalldayconference,andI___42___thechance,Myfatheraskedmetogetthecar___43___whenIdroppedhimtoldme,“Iwillmeetyouhereat5:00”.After___44___pletingthechores,Iwentstraighttothenearestcinema.IgotsoengagedinthefilmthatIforgotthe___45___.WhenIfinallyrantothegarage,gottheearandhurriedtomyfather,itwasalmost6:00.HeanxiouslyaskedwhyIwaslate.Iwasso___46___thatIsaid,Thecarwasn’tready,soIhadtowait,not___47___hehadalreadycalledthegarage.Catchingmelying,hesaid:“There’ssomethingwronginthewayIbroughtyouupthatdidn’tgiveyouthe___48___totellmethetruth.Inorderto___49___whereIwentwrong,I’mgoingtowalkhome18milesandthinkaboutit.”____50____,hebegantowalkhomeinthedarkonmostlyunpaved,unlitroads.Icouldn’tleavehim,soforfiveandahalfhoursI____51____behindhim,watchinghimgothroughthis____52____.forastupidliethatIuttered.I____53____thenandtherethatIwouldneverlieagain.Ioftenthinkaboutthat____54____andwonder,ifhehadpunishedmethewaywepunishourchildren,whetherIwouldhavelearnedalessonatall.Idon’tthinkso.Thissinglenonviolentactionwasso____55____asifithappenedyesterday.41.A.moviesB.concertsC.schoolsD.markets42.A.chargedforB.jumpedatC.aimedatD.lookedfor43.A.servicedB.repairedC.returnedD.stopped44.A.significantlyB.hurriedlyC.secretlyD.happily第16頁/共26頁45.A.timeB.serviceC.moneyD.conference46.A.evilB.braveC.annoyedD.ashamed47.A.pretendingB.predictingC.realizingD.believing48.A.confidenceB.wisdomC.generosityD.capability49.A.figureoutB.getridofC.dealwithD.payattentionto50.A.HoweverB.BesidesC.OtherwiseD.Therefore51.A.walkedB.droveC.rodeD.ran52.A.confusionB.generosityC.sufferingD.anxiety53.A.agreedB.promisedC.decidedD.hoped54.A.challengeB.experienceC.informationD.memory55.A.energeticB.usefulC.beneficialD.powerful【答案】41.A42.B43.A44.B45.A46.D47.C48.A49.A50.D51.B52.C53.C54.B55.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者回憶了自己16歲時因為撒謊而讓父親步行18英里的經(jīng)歷，這次經(jīng)歷讓作者深刻認識到誠實的重要性，并決定再也不撒謊?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我16歲，和父母住在偏遠的鄉(xiāng)村，沒有