高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1福建省三明市五縣聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AThroughouthistory,therehavebeensculptorsprizedfortheirwillingnesstopushboundaries.Withouttheircontributions,itwouldbedifficulttoimaginevisualartaswenowknowit.Hereareseveralpioneers.GianlorenzoBernini(1598-1680)Asamasterofmaterials,ItalianartistGianlorenzoBerniniisknownforhisastonishingabilitytocreatemovementandbringforthemotionwithhiswork.Inhismasterpiece,PlutoandPerse,theroughandcoldstonehasbeenturnedintofleshthatlookssorealandsoftthatyoujustwanttoreachoutandtouchit.HenryMoore(1898-1986)Knownforhisabstractpublicsculpture,BritishartistHenryMoore’sworksmostoftenfocusonthethemeofmotherandchild,whousuallysitorlieinarelaxedway,withtheirbodiesleaningbackwards.Moore’sfiguresareoftencomposedofmultiplepieces,yethiscleanlinesallowviewerstoeffectivelyseethefigureswithintheabstractform.SuchfeaturesareveryobviousinhismasterpieceMotherandChild.LouiseBourgeois(1911-2010)Mostwell-knownforherpublicart,French-AmericansculptorLouiseBourgeoisrosetointernationalfamein1982aftertheMuseumofModernArtheldherfirstexhibit.Bythistime,shewasalreadyinher70s.Drawingfromherownlifeexperience,hersculpturesoftenexplorethemesoffamilyanddeath.Inherrepresentativework,Maman,Bourgeoishasusedaspidertostandforhermother,whodiedwhenshewasachild,toshowherstrengthandprotectionoverherfamily.1.WhatcanpeoplefeelfromPlutoandPersebyGianlorenzoBernini?A.Stone-likehardness. B.Flesh-likesoftness.C.Astonishingmystery. D.Icycoldness.2.WhydidLouiseBourgeoisuseaspiderinMaman?A.Tosymbolizehermother. B.Toexpressherfearofspiders.C.Toshowherlovefornature. D.Toexplorethethemeofdeath.3.Whatdothethreeartistshaveincommon?A.TheylivedinEuropealltheirlives.B.Theyrosetofameforpublicsculptures.C.Theyexploredtheidenticaltheme.D.Theywereknownforartisticinnovation.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三位在雕塑領(lǐng)域具有開創(chuàng)性貢獻(xiàn)的藝術(shù)家：GianlorenzoBernini、HenryMoore和LouiseBourgeois，分別講述了他們的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格、代表作品及其對(duì)視覺(jué)藝術(shù)的影響。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inhismasterpiece,PlutoandPerse,theroughandcoldstonehasbeenturnedintofleshthatlookssorealandsoftthatyoujustwanttoreachoutandtouchit.(在他的杰作《普路托和珀?duì)査埂分?，粗糙冰冷的石頭變成了血肉之軀，看起來(lái)如此真實(shí)柔軟，讓人忍不住想伸手去摸一摸。)”可知，從詹洛倫佐·貝尼尼（GianLorenzoBernini）的雕塑《普魯托與珀?duì)柸Ｄ罚≒lutoandPersephone）中，人們可以感受到肌膚般的柔軟。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Inherrepresentativework,Maman,Bourgeoishasusedaspidertostandforhermother,whodiedwhenshewasachild,toshowherstrengthandprotectionoverherfamily.(在她的代表作《Maman》中，布爾喬亞用一只蜘蛛來(lái)代表她的母親，她的母親在她小時(shí)候就去世了，以顯示她對(duì)家人的力量和保護(hù)。)”可知，在《Maman》中，路易絲·布爾喬亞用一只蜘蛛象征她的母親，故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Throughouthistory,therehavebeensculptorsprizedfortheirwillingnesstopushboundaries.Withouttheircontributions,itwouldbedifficulttoimaginevisualartaswenowknowit.(縱觀歷史，一直有雕塑家因愿意突破界限而備受贊譽(yù)。如果沒(méi)有他們的貢獻(xiàn)，就很難想象我們現(xiàn)在所知道的視覺(jué)藝術(shù))”可知，三位藝術(shù)家以藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新而聞名。故選C。BBarbaraRieco,awomanwithafirmdesiretobecomeanauthor,witnessedtherealizationofherlong-prizeddreamthisChristmasseason.Hergrandson,ChadCooper,playedacrucialroleinmakingithappen.ThoughRiecoauthoredthechildren’sbookMore!More!More!asearlyasin1972,thepathtopublicationhadbeenfilledwithrejectionsforfourdecades.Nevertheless,shekepttryingtopublishthisbook.TheconceptofabandoningherdreamsimplyhasnevercrossedRieco’smind.ThestoryofMore!More!More!focusesonPrissyMissandherexplorationofgratitudeandthepowerofmake-believe.ItdrawsinspirationfromRieco’searlyyearsinamiddle-classPhiladelphiafamilyandherlaterexperiencesatProjectHeadStart,whereshewasdeeplytouchedbythesightofpovertyandherdesiretoassistthoseinneedgrew.Cooper,engagedinproductionanddesign,discoveredabookfileinhisgrandmother’scomputerduringoneofhisvisits.Afterhisgrandmothertoldhimthestoryaboutthebookfile,Cooperwasmovedbyherperseverance(毅力),andduetothestory’spotential,hedecidedtotakemattersintohisownhands.Cooperself-publishedthebookandenlisted(爭(zhēng)取)thetalentofillustratorYuriMoyashitovividlybringthestorytolife.Afteritsrelease,theTikTokvideorecordingthemomenthepresentedthepublishedbookasaChristmasgifttoRiecohasgainedover4millionviewsand800,000likes,causinganoutpouringofadmirationfromviewers.Severalhundredcopiesofthebookweresoldwithinamonth,andithasanonlinepresenceon.Encouragedbythissuccess,plansforanaudio-bookandahardcovereditionareunderway.Riecohasotherunpublishedworksthatsheiseagertopursue,andbothsheandCooperarenowdeterminedtohelpothersrealizetheirdreamsconcerningwriting.Thisheartwarmingjourneynotonlyshowsthepowerofperseverancebutalsothegreatimpactoffamilialsupportinthepursuitofone’screativeambitions.4.WhatdoweknowaboutBarbaraRieco?A.Shesufferedatoughchildhood.B.Shepossessesastrongdetermination.C.Shedonatedmoneytothepoorpeople.D.Sheattachesgreatimportancetofamily.5.WhatmaycontributetoCooper’sideatopublishthebook?A.Deepsympathyforhisgrandmother.B.Aresponsibilitytoassistthoseinpoverty.C.StrongfaithintheprospectofRieco’sstory.D.Anambitiontoworkwiththetalentedillustrator.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebook’spublication?A.Ground-breaking. B.Far-reaching.C.Distinctively-marked. D.Widely-welcomed.7.WhatdoRiecoandCooperprobablyintendtodonext?A.Boostothers’dreams. B.Generatemorewritings.C.Supportothers’families. D.Promoteherbookonline.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了ChadCooper幫助祖母BarbaraRieco出版書籍的故事，ChadCooper不僅圓了祖母的作家夢(mèng)，也想要幫助更多的人實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的寫作夢(mèng)想?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“ThoughRiecoauthoredthechildren’sbookMore!More!More!asearlyasin1972,thepathtopublicationhadbeenfilledwithrejectionsforfourdecades.Nevertheless,shekepttryingtopublishthisbook.TheconceptofabandoningherdreamsimplyhasnevercrossedRieco’smind.(盡管Rieco早在1972年就創(chuàng)作了兒童讀物《More!More!More!》，但在長(zhǎng)達(dá)四十年的時(shí)間里，這本書的出版之路卻一直充斥著退稿的情況。盡管如此，她還是堅(jiān)持出版這本書。Rieco從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)要放棄自己的夢(mèng)想)”可知，四十年來(lái)，Rieco嘗試出版書籍卻一直被拒絕，但她從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)放棄。由此可推知，她有著堅(jiān)定的決心。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Afterhisgrandmothertoldhimthestoryaboutthebookfile,Cooperwasmovedbyherperseverance(毅力),andduetothestory’spotential,hedecidedtotakemattersintohisownhands.(在他的祖母告訴他關(guān)于書檔案的故事后，Cooper被她的毅力所感動(dòng)，由于這個(gè)故事的潛力，他決定自己采取行動(dòng))”可知，Cooper被祖母的毅力所感動(dòng)，且他看到了這本書中故事的潛力，這說(shuō)明他對(duì)Rieco的故事有很強(qiáng)的信心。因此，可能是對(duì)Rieco故事的強(qiáng)烈信心促使Cooper決定出版這本書。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Severalhundredcopiesofthebookweresoldwithinamonth,andithasanonlinepresenceon.(這本書在一個(gè)月內(nèi)賣出了幾百本，并在上有一個(gè)在線網(wǎng)站)”可推知，這本書在一個(gè)月內(nèi)賣出了幾百本，即它廣受歡迎。故選D。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Riecohasotherunpublishedworksthatsheiseagertopursue,andbothsheandCooperarenowdeterminedtohelpothersrealizetheirdreamsconcerningwriting.(Rieco還有其他未出版的作品，她渴望繼續(xù)追求，她和Cooper現(xiàn)在都決心幫助別人實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的寫作夢(mèng)想)”可推知，Rieco和Cooper接下來(lái)可能打算幫助更多的人實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的寫作夢(mèng)想。故選A。CFromanairplane,carscrawlingdownthehighwaylooklikeants.Butactualants—unlikecars—somehowmanagetoavoidthedisasterofstop-and-gotraffic.Scientistsarestudyingtheseinsects’remarkableteamworktodesignsmartersolutionsforourroads—especiallyforfutureself-drivingcars.Trafficjamsoftenstartwhenroadsbecometoocrowded.Atabout15carspermileperlane,evenaslightbraketapcancreateawaveoftrafficjam,similartohowliquidwatersuddenlyfreezesintoice.Yetantsmovesmoothlyevenindensegroups.ResearchersstudyingAustralianblackantsdiscoveredtheirsecret:“ThreeNo’sRule”—nolane-switching,nosuddenspeeding,andnotailgating.Humans,however,oftenmaketrafficworse.Duringrushhour,driverstendtospeedup,changelanesfrequently,orfollowtoocloselychoicesthatprioritizeindividualgoalsovergroupefficiency.“Thisselfishbehavioriswhytrafficjamsform,”saysengineerNicolaPugno.Butfutureself-drivingcarscouldactmorelikeants.Ifconnectedthroughanetwork,autonomousvehiclesmightsharereal-timedatatocoordinatespeedsanddistancesautomatically.Likeantsusingscenttrailstocommunicate,carscouldformacooperativesystemwithoutacentralleader—adesignscientistscall“resilient”andefficient.Antsdohavenaturaladvantages.Theycanwidenpaths,climboverobstacles,andevenwalkontunnelceilingstoavoidjams.Carsobviouslycan’tdothis,butdriverstodaycanstilllearnonekeylesson:avoidtailgating.Leavingextraspaceaheadhelpsabsorbbrakingwavesthatcause“phantomjams”mysterioustrafficbackupswithnoclearcause.Nishinari’sresearchshowsthatmaintaininga3-secondgapinheavytrafficcouldreducecongestionby40%.Whileantshaveperfectedtrafficflowovermillionsofyears,humansarejustbeginningtocatchup.Byblendingnature’swisdomwithtechnology,researchershopetocreateroadswheretrafficmovesassmoothlyasananttrail.AsbiologistNoaPinter-Wollmannotes,“Sometimesthesimplestcreaturesholdtheanswerstoourmostcomplexproblems.”8.Whydoestheauthorcomparetrafficjamstowaterfreezingintoice?A.Toemphasizeweshouldlearnfromnature.B.ToexplorethesecretsofAustralianblackants.C.Toblameselfishdriversforcausingaccidents.D.Toshowtrafficjamsstartsuddenlyunderhighdensity.9.Whatdoestheword“resilient”mostlikelymeaninparagraph3?A.Safeandsilent. B.Complexandflexible.C.Adaptableandstable. D.Cooperativeandso.10.Whatbenefitdoesmaintaininga3-secondgapintrafficprovide?A.Itincreasesfuelefficiencyby40%.B.Itreducestrafficjambynearlyhalf.C.Iteliminatesall“phantomjams”.D.Itallowscarstotravelathigherspeeds.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowTrafficEngineeringReducesAccidentsB.WhyHumanDriversCauseTrafficJamsC.HowAntsTeachUstoSolveTrafficJamsD.WhySimplicityCanSolveComplexProblem【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了螞蟻在交通方面的出色表現(xiàn)，科學(xué)家研究其團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作，希望借鑒螞蟻的“三不原則”為道路尤其是未來(lái)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車設(shè)計(jì)更智能的解決方案。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Trafficjamsoftenstartwhenroadsbecometoocrowded.Atabout15carspermileperlane,evenaslightbraketapcancreateawaveoftrafficjam,similartohowliquidwatersuddenlyfreezesintoice.(交通堵塞通常在道路變得過(guò)于擁擠時(shí)開始。在每條車道每英里約有15輛車的情況下，即使輕輕點(diǎn)一下剎車，也會(huì)造成一波交通堵塞，就像液態(tài)水突然結(jié)冰一樣)”可知，作者將交通堵塞比作水結(jié)冰是為了說(shuō)明在高密度情況下交通堵塞會(huì)突然開始。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“Likeantsusingscenttrailstocommunicate,carscouldformacooperativesystemwithoutacentralleader—adesignscientistscall‘resilient’andefficient.(就像螞蟻利用氣味痕跡進(jìn)行交流一樣，汽車可以形成一個(gè)沒(méi)有中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的合作系統(tǒng)——科學(xué)家稱這種設(shè)計(jì)‘resilient’且高效)”可知，這種系統(tǒng)能像螞蟻一樣，即使沒(méi)有中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)也能很好地運(yùn)作，說(shuō)明它具有適應(yīng)性和穩(wěn)定性。所以“resilient”意思最可能是“適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)且穩(wěn)定的”，與C項(xiàng)“Adaptableandstable”意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Nishinari’sresearchshowsthatmaintaininga3-secondgapinheavytrafficcouldreducecongestionby40%.(西成的研究表明，在交通擁堵時(shí)保持3秒的車距可以減少40%的擁堵)”可知，在交通中保持3秒車距的好處是能將交通堵塞減少近一半。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“Scientistsarestudyingtheseinsects’remarkableteamworktodesignsmartersolutionsforourroads—especiallyforfutureself-drivingcars.(科學(xué)家們正在研究這些昆蟲非凡的團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作，為我們的道路設(shè)計(jì)更智能的解決方案——尤其是為未來(lái)的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車)”可知，本文主要講述了科學(xué)家從螞蟻的交通行為中獲取靈感，以解決人類的交通堵塞問(wèn)題。所以C項(xiàng)“HowAntsTeachUstoSolveTrafficJams(螞蟻如何教我們解決交通堵塞問(wèn)題)”能概括文章內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。DYouprobablyknowthefeelingofhavingaheartymealatarestaurant,andfeelingfullandsatisfied,onlytotakeapeekatthedessertmenuanddecidethecheesecakelooksjustirresistible.Sowhyisitthatyoujustabsolutelycouldn’thaveanotherbite,butyousomehowmakeanexceptionforasweettreat?ScientistsnowhaveabetterunderstandingoftheneuraloriginsofthisurgethankstoarecentstudypublishedinthejournalScience.Workingwithmice,researcherstriedtosetupascenariosimilartothehumanexperiencedescribedabove.Intheexperiment,micewerefirstgivenastandardmealafternoteatingforaday.Theyateuntiltheywerefull.Then,duringa30-minute“dessert”period,researchersofferedeithermoreofthesamefoodorahigh-sugaroption.Whengivensugaryfood,themiceatesixtimesmorecaloriesthanwhenofferedregularfood.TheresearchersfocusedonPOMCneuronsinthehypothalamus,abrainregionlinkedtofeelingsoffullness.Theyfoundthatwhenmiceatesugaryfood,theseneuronsreleasedbeta-endorphin(內(nèi)啡肽),achemicalthatbindstoopioidreceptorsinthebrain,creatingasenseofreward.Thisexplainswhywedesiresweetsevenwhenfull—sugartriggersapleasureresponseinthebrain.Whenscientistsblockedthisopioidpathway,themiceavoidedsugar.Similarneuralactivitywasobservedinhumans,suggestingthatourbrainsarewiredtodesiresugar.AccordingtoHenningFenselau,astudyauthor,thismechanismlikelyevolvedtoencouragetheconsumptionofhigh-energyfoodslikesugar.Otherresearchhaslinkedsugartothebrain’sdopamine(多巴胺)system,withsomestudiessuggestinglong-termsugarconsumptioncanhaveeffectssimilartoaddictivedrugs.However,thisstudywasshort-termanddidn’texaminelong-termeffectslikeweightgainormetabolicchanges.Dr.PauleJoseph,ametabolismresearcher,suggeststhatfuturestudiesshouldexplorehowthesebraincircuitsfunctionovertime,especiallywithchronicsugarexposure.Understandingthisrewardpathwaycouldhelpexplainhowovereatingsugarcontributestoobesity.Thisresearchshedslightonwhywefinddessertssoirresistible,evenwhenwe’refull.12.Whatisthemainfocusoftheexperiment?A.Sugar-causedweightgaininmice.B.Roleofdopamineinfoodaddiction.C.Effectsofnoteatingforalongtime.D.Neuralbasisofpost-mealsweetdesires.13.Whydidmiceavoidsugarwhentheopioidpathwaywasblocked?A.Theylosttheirsenseoftaste.B.Theyconsumedtoomanycalories.C.Thesugarrewardresponsewasremoved.D.Partoftheirbrainwasseverelydamaged.14.Inparagraph5,whatdoes“thismechanism”referto?A.Preferenceforhigh-energyfoods.B.Dopaminecausingsugaraddiction.C.Fullnessneuronsreleasingchemicals.D.Sugaractivatingthebrain’srewardsystem.15.WhatdoesDr.PauleJosephsuggestforfutureresearch?A.Developingdrugstoblockurgesforsugarimmediately.B.Studyinghowbraincircuitschangewithlong-termsugarintake.C.Comparingsugar’seffectstothoseofaddictivedrugs.D.Investigatingwhymiceandhumanshavesimilarneuralresponses.【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了科學(xué)家通過(guò)小鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)揭示飯后對(duì)甜食渴望的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Youprobablyknowthefeelingofhavingaheartymealatarestaurant,andfeelingfullandsatisfied,onlytotakeapeekatthedessertmenuanddecidethecheesecakelooksjustirresistible.Sowhyisitthatyoujustabsolutelycouldn’thaveanotherbite,butyousomehowmakeanexceptionforasweettreat?(你或許有過(guò)這樣的體驗(yàn)：在餐廳大快朵頤后已是酒足飯飽，卻忍不住瞥一眼甜點(diǎn)菜單，覺(jué)得芝士蛋糕實(shí)在讓人無(wú)法抗拒。為什么明明一口正餐都吃不下，卻能為甜食破例？)”和第二段“ScientistsnowhaveabetterunderstandingoftheneuraloriginsofthisurgethankstoarecentstudypublishedinthejournalScience.Workingwithmice,researcherstriedtosetupascenariosimilartothehumanexperiencedescribedabove.(科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在對(duì)這種沖動(dòng)的神經(jīng)起源有了更好的理解，這要?dú)w功于最近發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究。研究人員用老鼠進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，試圖建立一個(gè)類似于上述人類經(jīng)歷的場(chǎng)景。)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)的主要焦點(diǎn)是研究飯后對(duì)甜食渴望的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“TheresearchersfocusedonPOMCneuronsinthehypothalamus,abrainregionlinkedtofeelingsoffullness.Theyfoundthatwhenmiceatesugaryfood,theseneuronsreleasedbeta-endorphin(內(nèi)啡肽),achemicalthatbindstoopioidreceptorsinthebrain,creatingasenseofreward.Thisexplainswhywedesiresweetsevenwhenfull—sugartriggersapleasureresponseinthebrain.(研究人員聚焦于下丘腦的POMC神經(jīng)元（該腦區(qū)與飽腹感相關(guān)），發(fā)現(xiàn)小鼠進(jìn)食含糖食物時(shí)，這些神經(jīng)元會(huì)釋放β-內(nèi)啡肽——一種與大腦阿片受體結(jié)合、產(chǎn)生獎(jiǎng)賞感的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這解釋了為何我們?cè)陲柛购笕钥释鹗常禾欠帜苡|發(fā)大腦的愉悅反應(yīng)。)”以及第五段中“Whenscientistsblockedthisopioidpathway,themiceavoidedsugar.(當(dāng)科學(xué)家阻斷這一阿片通路時(shí)，小鼠便會(huì)避開糖分。)”可知，當(dāng)阿片類通路被阻斷時(shí)，老鼠會(huì)避開糖，是因?yàn)樘堑莫?jiǎng)勵(lì)反應(yīng)被去除了。故選C?！?4題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“TheresearchersfocusedonPOMCneuronsinthehypothalamus,abrainregionlinkedtofeelingsoffullness.Theyfoundthatwhenmiceatesugaryfood,theseneuronsreleasedbeta-endorphin(內(nèi)啡肽),achemicalthatbindstoopioidreceptorsinthebrain,creatingasenseofreward.Thisexplainswhywedesiresweetsevenwhenfull—sugartriggersapleasureresponseinthebrain.(研究人員聚焦于下丘腦的POMC神經(jīng)元（該腦區(qū)與飽腹感相關(guān)），發(fā)現(xiàn)小鼠進(jìn)食含糖食物時(shí)，這些神經(jīng)元會(huì)釋放β-內(nèi)啡肽——一種與大腦阿片受體結(jié)合、產(chǎn)生獎(jiǎng)賞感的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這解釋了為何我們?cè)陲柛购笕钥释鹗常禾欠帜苡|發(fā)大腦的愉悅反應(yīng)。)”和第五段“Whenscientistsblockedthisopioidpathway,themiceavoidedsugar.Similarneuralactivitywasobservedinhumans,suggestingthatourbrainsarewiredtodesiresugar.AccordingtoHenningFenselau,astudyauthor,thismechanismlikelyevolvedtoencouragetheconsumptionofhigh-energyfoodslikesugar.(當(dāng)科學(xué)家阻斷這一阿片通路時(shí)，小鼠便會(huì)避開糖分。人類體內(nèi)也觀察到類似的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)，表明我們的大腦天生對(duì)糖分有渴望。研究作者亨寧?芬塞勞指出，這一機(jī)制可能是為了促使人類攝入糖分等高能量食物而進(jìn)化形成的。)”可知，thismechanism指的是糖激活大腦的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)。故選D?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Dr.PauleJoseph,ametabolismresearcher,suggeststhatfuturestudiesshouldexplorehowthesebraincircuitsfunctionovertime,especiallywithchronicsugarexposure.(新陳代謝研究員PauleJoseph博士建議，未來(lái)的研究應(yīng)該探索這些大腦回路是如何隨時(shí)間變化的，特別是在長(zhǎng)期接觸糖的情況下。)”可知，PauleJoseph博士建議未來(lái)的研究應(yīng)該探索大腦回路如何隨著長(zhǎng)期糖攝入而變化。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ARoundTableWhenIwasstillalittle,myentirefamilywouldreuniteonalmosteverytraditionalfestivaltohavedinner.Whilethegrownupswerediscussingaboutsomethingbeyondourcomprehension,wekidswouldberunningaroundorevencrowdunderthetabletoplayhide-and-seek.WhenIgotabitolder,myauntbroughtbackherboyfriend,atallandashyman.Mygrandmajoyfullyaddedanotherseattotheroundtable.____16____WhenIwastwelve,mygrandmapassedawaybecauseofcancer,butwhentheentirefamilyreuniteonceagain,herchair,herbowlandherchopsticksremainthesameeventhoughherseatwasempty.____17____Weallhaveatablelikethisinourhomes.____18____Itisasymbolofareunionofourfamiliesrepresentingoursentiment,andanattachmenttoourfamilies.____19____InChina,almosteverythingcanbesolvedoveraroundtable,thenthatmarriagebellsbetweenalovingcouple,themorningofthedead,thenegotiationsbetweenbusinesspartnersandastatebanquettoanotherpresidentfromothercountrycanallhappenonasameroundtable.SoIstarttowonderwhatisthisroundtabletous,whatithasbeendoingtousanditstruesignificancestartstounfoldinfrontofme.Thefoodonthetablemaychangewithtime.____20____Thereasonwhywecometogethermaybevarious,butthesensationbehinditremainsyearafteryearthesame,andthatisourtoleranceofdifferentpeopleorwillingnesstoembracedifferentcultureandartisticformsorcare,andlove,andrespectfornotonlyourfamily,butalsoforacommunity,ournationandeventhewholeworld.A.Itwasabitcrowded，yetwefeltcloser.B.Thepeoplesittingbesideitmaycomeandgo.C.Theroundtablehasauniquemeaningthattiesustogether.D.Thesememoriesaroundtheroundtablearetrulyprecious.E.Theseitemsgentlyfilledthespaceofherabsence.F.Besides,theroundtableisaplatformforpromotingdiversecultures.G.However,thesignificanceoftheroundtablegoesfarbeyondfamilygathering.【答案】16.A17.E18.C19.G20.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，通過(guò)描述家庭圓桌的變遷，闡述了圓桌不僅是家庭團(tuán)聚的象征，其意義更超越家庭，承載著包容、愛(ài)與尊重等情感?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Mygrandmajoyfullyaddedanotherseattotheroundtable.(奶奶高興地給圓桌加了一個(gè)座位)”可知，上文說(shuō)的是給圓桌增加了一個(gè)座位，可推理出空白處說(shuō)的是增加座位后空間狀態(tài)的變化及其影響，與A項(xiàng)“Itwasabitcrowded,yetwefeltcloser.(有點(diǎn)擁擠，但我們感覺(jué)更親近了)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選A項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“WhenIwastwelve,mygrandmapassedawaybecauseofcancer,butwhentheentirefamilyreuniteonceagain,herchair,herbowlandherchopsticksremainthesameeventhoughherseatwasempty(在我十二歲那年，奶奶因癌癥去世了。但當(dāng)全家人再次團(tuán)聚時(shí)，她的椅子、她的碗以及她的筷子都還保持著原樣，盡管那個(gè)屬于她的位置是空的)”可知，上文說(shuō)的是奶奶去世后，家里的物品都還保持著原樣，盡管那個(gè)屬于她的位置是空的，可推理出下文說(shuō)的是這些物品的留存填補(bǔ)了奶奶缺席的空間，E項(xiàng)“Theseitemsgentlyfilledthespaceofherabsence.(這些物品溫柔地填補(bǔ)了她缺席的空間)”直接承接上文，解釋了物品存在的意義，故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Itisasymbolofareunionofourfamiliesrepresentingoursentiment,andanattachmenttoourfamilies.(它是家庭團(tuán)聚的象征，代表著我們的情感和對(duì)家庭的依戀)”可知，下文說(shuō)的是圓桌是家庭團(tuán)聚的象征，代表著全家人的情感和對(duì)家庭的依戀，可推理出空白處需總結(jié)圓桌的意義，C項(xiàng)“Theroundtablehasauniquemeaningthattiesustogether.(圓桌有一種將我們聯(lián)系在一起的獨(dú)特意義)”表達(dá)的含義適合作為總起句，引出后文對(duì)意義的具體闡述，邏輯連貫，故選C項(xiàng)。【19題詳析】根據(jù)下文“InChina,almosteverythingcanbesolvedoveraroundtable,thenthatmarriagebellsbetweenalovingcouple,themorningofthedead,thenegotiationsbetweenbusinesspartnersandastatebanquettoanotherpresidentfromothercountrycanallhappenonasameroundtable(在中國(guó)，幾乎凡事都能在一張圓桌上解決。于是，恩愛(ài)夫妻的喜結(jié)良緣、逝者的頭七祭奠、商業(yè)伙伴間的談判協(xié)商以及招待其他國(guó)家總統(tǒng)的國(guó)宴，都能在同一張圓桌上進(jìn)行)”可知，關(guān)于圓桌的話題從家庭延伸到更廣泛的社會(huì)場(chǎng)景，G項(xiàng)“However,thesignificanceoftheroundtablegoesfarbeyondfamilygathering.(然而，圓桌的意義遠(yuǎn)不止家庭聚會(huì))”作為過(guò)渡句，引出意義的擴(kuò)展，符合段落間的邏輯轉(zhuǎn)折，故選G項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thefoodonthetablemaychangewithtime.(桌上的食物可能會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而變化)”以及下文“Thereasonwhywecometogethermaybevarious,butthesensationbehinditremainsyearafteryearthesame,andthatisourtoleranceofdifferentpeopleorwillingnesstoembracedifferentcultureandartisticformsorcare,andlove,andrespectfornotonlyourfamily,butalsoforacommunity,ournationandeventhewholeworld(我們相聚的理由或許各不相同，但背后的那種感受年復(fù)一年始終如一，那就是我們對(duì)不同人群的包容，或是對(duì)不同文化及藝術(shù)形式的接納，還有對(duì)家庭、對(duì)社區(qū)、對(duì)國(guó)家乃至對(duì)整個(gè)世界所懷有的關(guān)懷、熱愛(ài)與敬重)”可知，上文提到了桌上的食物可能會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而變化，下文提到了我們對(duì)不同人群的包容，或是對(duì)不同文化及藝術(shù)形式的接納，可推理出空白處說(shuō)的是坐在圓桌旁的人可能是不同的人，B項(xiàng)“Thepeoplesittingbesideitmaycomeandgo.(坐在它旁邊的人可能有來(lái)有去)”表達(dá)的含義符合語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Theunexpecteddetours(迂回)inthepastsummerhaveturnedanordinaryvacationintoanunforgettableadventure.Itbeganwithasimplemessagefrommyfriends,“Whydon’twe___21___theroadthisweekend?”Withonlyaroughideaofourrouteformountainsandlakes,we___22___intomycarandsetoffintotheclearnight.Drivingunderablanketof___23___feltliberating;itwasasifallourworries___24___.Thelaughterechoed(回蕩)inthecaraswesharedfunnystoriesinourlives.As___25___brokeoverthehorizon(地平線),sodidourfirst___26___:gettinglost!Awrongturnledusdeepintowindingcountryroadsfarfromwhereweintendedtobe.___27___frustrated,wequicklyturneditintoanopportunityforexplorationinsteadofseeingitasa___28___.Wecameacrosslittletownswe’dneverheardofbefore—eachwithitsowncharmandcharacter.Finallyarrivingatour___29___destination—anextremelyattractivenationalpark—weweregreetedbybreathtakingviewsoftoweringmountains____30____onglassylakes.The____31____wasundoubtedlyourhikeupPineRidgeTrail,whichchallengedusphysicallybut____32____uswithviewsthattookourbreathaway.Thisadventure____33____notonlyasanescapefromdailypressuresbutalsoachancetoacceptuncertaintyratherthan____34____it:sometimesgettinglostopensdoorsthatyoudidn’tevenknow____35____!21.A.hit B.fix C.cross D.block22.A.dropped B.piled C.looked D.knocked23.A.snow B.fog C.stars D.clouds24.A.showedoff B.turnedup C.pulledin D.meltedaway25.A.hope B.dream C.nightfall D.daylight26.A.schedule B.approach C.opportunity D.challenge27.A.Finally B.Initially C.Gradually D.Naturally28.A.takeover B.setback C.checkout D.backup29.A.hidden B.promised C.intended D.abandoned30.A.standing B.rolling C.drawn D.reflected31.A.shelter B.routine C.highlight D.adventure32.A.impacted B.rewarded C.charged D.equipped33.A.served B.passed C.ranked D.doubled34.A.shyawayfrom B.liveupto C.putupwith D.holdonto35.A.mattered B.proved C.existed D.disappeared【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.D26.D27.B28.B29.C30.D31.C32.B33.A34.A35.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。去年暑假作者和朋友一起開車旅行，無(wú)意間迷了路，他們沿途看到了從未見過(guò)的地方，并且最終依然到達(dá)了目的地。這場(chǎng)意外旅程給了一個(gè)接受不確定性的機(jī)會(huì)，打開了未知的大門?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?yōu)槭裁床辉谶@個(gè)周末上路呢？A.hit擊，打，到達(dá)；B.fix使固定；C.cross穿越；D.block阻塞。根據(jù)空后的“theroad”和下文中的“we______intomycarandsetoffintotheclearnight”可知，他們周末開車上路。hittheroad意為“上路，出發(fā)”。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們對(duì)通往山和湖的路線只有一個(gè)大致的想法，我們擠進(jìn)我的車?yán)?，在晴朗的夜晚出發(fā)。A.dropped掉下；B.piled堆放，擁擠；C.looked看；D.knocked敲。根據(jù)上文中的“myfriends”可知，他們一行人多，所以是擠進(jìn)車?yán)?。故選B。【23題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在星空下開車感覺(jué)很自由；好像我們所有的憂慮都煙消云散了。A.snow雪；B.fog霧；C.stars星星；D.clouds云。根據(jù)上文中的“theclearnight”可知，他們?cè)谇缋实囊估锴靶?，所以是在滿是星星的夜空下開車。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意參考上題。A.showedoff炫耀；B.turnedup出現(xiàn)；C.pulledin駛向路邊（或某處）停靠；D.meltedaway（使）慢慢消失。根據(jù)句中的“feltliberating”和下文中的“Thelaughterechoed(回蕩)inthecar”可知，他們感覺(jué)自由，笑聲不斷，所有的憂慮都消失了。故選D。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)?shù)仄骄€破曉時(shí)，我們的第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)也出現(xiàn)了：迷路！A.hope希望；B.dream夢(mèng)想；C.nightfall黃昏；D.daylight日光。根據(jù)上文中的“theclearnight”和空后的“brokeoverthehorizon(地平線)”可知，他們?cè)谝估锍霭l(fā)，開車的過(guò)程中天亮了，地平線上出現(xiàn)了日光。故選D。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.schedule工作計(jì)劃；B.approach方法；C.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)空后的“gettinglost”可知，他們迷路了，這是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。故選D?！?7題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：起初我們很沮喪，但很快就把它變成了一個(gè)探索的機(jī)會(huì)，而不是把它看作一個(gè)挫折。A.Finally最后；B.Initially最初；C.Gradually逐漸地；D.Naturally自然地。根據(jù)句中的“wequicklyturneditintoanopportunityforexploration”可知，他們后面很快把這次迷路看作一個(gè)探索的機(jī)會(huì)，所以可知他們一開始很沮喪。故選B?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.takeover接收；B.setback挫折，阻礙；C.checkout收款處；D.backup增援。根據(jù)上文“insteadof”前的“wequicklyturneditintoanopportunityforexploration”可知，他們把這次迷路看作機(jī)會(huì)，而不是挫折。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，我們抵達(dá)了預(yù)定的目的地——一個(gè)極具吸引力的國(guó)家公園——迎接我們的是壯麗的景色，高聳的山脈映照在清澈的湖面上。A.hidden隱藏；B.promised承諾；C.intended計(jì)劃，打算；D.abandoned拋棄。根據(jù)上文中的“Withonlyaroughideaofourrouteformountainsandlakes”可知，他們最初計(jì)劃去有山和湖的地方，這里指他們到達(dá)了最初定好的目的地。故選C?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.standing站立；B.rolling（使）翻滾，滾動(dòng)；C.drawn畫，拉；D.reflected映出。根據(jù)“toweringmountains”和“onglassylakes”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，山映照在清澈的湖面上。故選D。【31題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，最精彩的是我們?cè)谒蓭X步道上的徒步旅行，這給我們帶來(lái)了身體上的挑戰(zhàn)，但也為我們帶來(lái)了令人嘆為觀止的景色。A.shelter庇護(hù)處；B.routine常規(guī)；C.highlight最好（或最精彩、最激動(dòng)人心）的部分；D.adventure冒險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)空后的“wasundoubtedlyourhikeupPineRidgeTrail”可知，這里是說(shuō)在國(guó)家公園旅行的亮點(diǎn)。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.impacted有影響；B.rewarded獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，獎(jiǎng)賞；C.charged收費(fèi)；D.equipped配備。根據(jù)but前的“challengedusphysically”和空后的“uswithviewsthattookourbreathaway”可知，雖然徒步旅行給我們的身體帶來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)，但也用美景回報(bào)我們。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這次冒險(xiǎn)不僅是一次逃離日常壓力的機(jī)會(huì)，也是一次接受不確定性而不是回避不確定性的機(jī)會(huì)：有時(shí)迷路會(huì)打開你甚至不知道存在的大門！A.served服務(wù)，適合作……用；B.passed通過(guò)；C.ranked把……分等級(jí)；D.doubled（使）加倍。根據(jù)空后的“notonlyasanescapefromdailypressuresbutalsoachancetoacceptuncertainty”可知，這里指這次冒險(xiǎn)之旅充當(dāng)?shù)淖饔谩９蔬xA?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意參考上題。A.shy