Unit3FairnessforalI-語法篇

i.掌握時(shí)態(tài)的定義及語態(tài)運(yùn)用；

2.掌握?？紩r(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的解題方法；

時(shí)態(tài)

一.定義：時(shí)態(tài)（Tense）是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說

時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。

英語時(shí)態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時(shí)以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成

時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

其表現(xiàn)形式如下（以study為例）

一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在studybestudyinghavestudiedhavebeenstudying

過去studiedbestudyinghadstudiedhadbeenstudying

將來willstudywillbestudyingwillhavestudiedwillhavebeenstudying

過去將來wouldstudywouldbestudyingwouldhavestudiedwouldhavebeenstudying

二.基本用法

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析

①表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制）

Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.

②表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see、hear>smell>taste>

feel>notice>agree>believe>like>hate>want、think、belongseem等。如：

Iknowwhatyoumean.

Smithownsacarandahouse.

AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.lMiddleSchool.

③在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可

以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。

Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.

如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會(huì)，我的家人會(huì)非常高興。

④少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如come、go、leave>arrive>fly、return>start、begin>pen、close>end>

stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)

間或事先安排，肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.

TomorrowisWednesday.

2.一般過去時(shí)的考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）。

①一般過去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用（或有

上下文語境暗示）；用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。

如：

Imetherinthestreetyesterday.

Theyneverdrankwine.

Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting,butitisn't.

②如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞連用

過去式。如：

Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.

③表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時(shí)。如：but,and,when,assoonas,

immediately,themoment,theminuteo

Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.

Heboughtawatchbutlostit.

3.一般將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。

①表示未來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用will/shall+動(dòng)詞（常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語邊用如tomorrow、next

week等）o

②表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。

We'lldiewithoutairorwater.

③表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來時(shí)。

④begoingto與will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo用法及區(qū)別：

a.begoingto表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種

準(zhǔn)備；shall/willdo表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。

b.begoingto表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。如：

Ifitisfine,we911gofishing.

c.betodosth.表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。

Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o'clockthisafternoon.

d.beabouttodosth.表示“即可，就要“，后面不能接時(shí)間狀語或狀語從句。

Autumnharvestisabouttostart.

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。

①表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí)；表近期特定的安排或

計(jì)劃；go、come等起止動(dòng)作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。如：

Itisrainingnow.

WeareleavingonFriday.

HeisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.

Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.（與always>often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種

感情色彩)

②下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

a.表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,

needo

b.表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear,exist,lie,remain,seembelongto,dependon。

c.表示——時(shí)'性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,completeo

d.表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,looko

5.過去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(考核重點(diǎn))。

①常用過去完成時(shí)的幾種情況：

a.在by、bytheend>bythetime>until>before>since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句以前發(fā)

生的動(dòng)作。如：

Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.

b.表示曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/

though/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned...+tohave

doneo

c.“時(shí)間名詞+before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語，

謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式。如：

Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.

d.表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型：

Hardly/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad+主語+過去分詞+when/than/before+一般過去時(shí)。如：

Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.二Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.

②在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)代替過去完成時(shí)。

Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.

Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.

6.過去將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。

參照一般將來時(shí)對(duì)比：用woulddo、was/weregoingtodosth.表過去將來；come>go、leave等過

去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過去將來時(shí)；was/weretodosth.和was/wereabouttodosth.表過去將來。

7.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。

①過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。

②某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中。

8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。

①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和for>since引導(dǎo)的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during/in/over

thelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)>inrecentyears>uptonow>tillnow等。

②下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since從句

This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)timethat+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

③在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)。如：

Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.

三.注意幾組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：

1.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

a.時(shí)間上有差異：凡有過去時(shí)間的均用過去時(shí)態(tài)，不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)，如含有ago、lastyear、justnow、

theotherday等。

b.結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一

般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去”，和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。

2.過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí):過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過去的過去”;如出現(xiàn)同一主語連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作（“連

謂“）形式則只用一般過去時(shí)即可。

3.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性得行為或狀態(tài)或客觀性東西；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示短暫時(shí)間內(nèi)的狀態(tài)。

Heworksintheoffice,butheisworkingintheworkshopthisweek.

他在辦公室工作，但這一周他下車間了。

4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或表示曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過。

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)。

Ihavebeenwritinganarticle.（仍在寫）

Ihavewrittenanarticle.（已經(jīng)完成）

四.與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)連用的句式

1）This/Itisthefirst/second...timethat從句

2）bedoing...when...

beabouttodo...when/beonthepointofdoing...when

hadjustdone...when...

3）Hardlyhad...done...when.../Nosoonerhad...done...than...

4）Itis（hasbeen）+一段時(shí)間+since從句

5）Itbe+一段時(shí)間+before從句這種句式分為兩種情況如果主句用將來時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表

將來時(shí)，意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后即將發(fā)生某事”；如果主句用過去時(shí)，從句也用過去時(shí)，意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間

后發(fā)生了某事”。

Itwon'tbelongbeforehesucceeds.=Hewillsucceedsoon.

Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.=Theymetagaintenyearslater.

被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be+過去分詞，口語也有用get/become+過去分詞表示。

二.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作

的承受者常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（by短語有時(shí)可以省略）。

1.使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題。

①主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化?？聪铝欣?。

Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.

Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.

Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.

②主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變)；(作補(bǔ)語的)不定式前需加to。

Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)

③短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。

Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).

Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.

④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和begoingto、beto>besureto>usedto>haveto>hadbetter等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)，只需

將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞。

⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe>expect、think、know>write>consider、report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)有

兩種形式：

a.謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。

b.用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如：

Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Mtissaidthatheisasmartboy.Mieissaidtobeasmartboy.

PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.

ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.

PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.

類似句型有：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat...

三.不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況。

①所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。

②表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold>benefit>contain>equal、fit>join、mean>last、looklike>

consistto等o

③表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belongto等。

④表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞,如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

⑥賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

⑦有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，特別是當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)，常見的動(dòng)詞有sell、write、wash、

open>lock等。

四.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。

①當(dāng)feel、look、smell>taste>sound等后面接形容詞時(shí);

當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write,open,clean,cook,keep,cut,fill,blow,measure,lock,run,record,begin,shut

等詞帶狀語修飾語時(shí)；

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。如：

Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.

這種布易洗。

Thesenovelswon'tsellwell.

這些小說不暢銷。

Mypenwritessmoothly.

我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。

Thedoorwon'tlock.

門鎖不上。

Thefishsmellsgood.

魚聞起來香。

②當(dāng)breakout、takeplace>shutoff>turnoff>workout等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。

Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.

Thelampsonthewallturnoff.

③want,require,need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。

④beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

⑤在“be+形容詞（easy,difficult,light,heavy,fit,good,safe,comfortable,dangerous,pleasant）+to

do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。

Thiskindofwaterisn'tfittodrink.

Thegirlisn'teasytogetalongwith.

另外：betoblame（受譴責(zé)），betorent（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。

五.被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。

?beseated坐著

Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）

坐在凳子上。

②behidden躲藏

Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.（Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.）

他藏在門后。

③belost迷路

@bedrunk喝醉

⑤bedressed穿著

Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.

六.被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。如：

Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

Thebookiswellsold.（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）

注意：get+過去分詞也可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

get常同marry,beat,break,damage,tear,strike,hurt,paint,invite,repair,dress等動(dòng)詞的過去分詞連用，

構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

1.Hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparentsthattheywon'tsupporthimunlesshecanborrow

moneyfromthebank.

A.weredecidingB.havedecidedC.decidedD.willdecide

解析：父母做的決定對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果造成的影響，所以用完成時(shí)。

答案：B

2.Yearsagowedidn'tknowthis,butrecentsciencethatpeoplewhodon'tsleepwellsoongetill.

A.showedB.hasshownC.willshowD.isshowing

解析：現(xiàn)代科學(xué)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,。

答案：B

3.TheyontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowweitasno

goodresultshavecomeoutsofar.

A.hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB.hadworked;werestillworking

C.havebeenworking;haveworkedD.haveworked;arestillworking

解析：過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直進(jìn)行，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響。正在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從現(xiàn)在

開始并一直繼續(xù)，選A。

答案：A

4.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?

A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput

C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput

解析：過去發(fā)生的“放”的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，究竟金戒指現(xiàn)在“在哪里”選D。

答案：D

5.-Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.

一Oh!Ithoughttheywithoutme.

A.wentB.aregoingC.havegoneD.hadgone

解析：“離開”動(dòng)作在“認(rèn)為”之前。

答案：D

6.Whentheoldmantowalkbacktohishouse,thesunitselfbehindthemountain.

A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhidden

C.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid

解析：太陽“落山”在老師“回家”之前。

答案：A

7.Hiswife_tocatchthefirsttrainbutshewastoolate.

A.hopingB.hadhopedC.hashopedD.wouldhope

解析:hadhoped意為“原希望”，常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有uthink,want,plan,suppose,intend

答案：B

8.BythetimeJanegetshome,herauntforLondontoattendameeting.

A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left

解析：by+過去時(shí)間一過去完成時(shí)by+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)by+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間一將來完成

時(shí)

答案：C

基礎(chǔ)演練

I.用所給詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)填空。

1.-Thewindowisdirty.

一Iknow.It(notclean)forweeks.

2.1wonderifhe(accept)ourinvitationandcometoourparty.

3.Wehaven91movedintothenewofficebuilding一it(decorate)rightnow.

4.Don'tputthechairtooclosetothestove.Drywood(bum)easily,youknow.

5.Greatchanges(take)placeinthatschool.

6.1firstmetyoursistertenyearsago,whenshe(work)atasupermarketasasalesgirl.

7.Thecrazyfans(wait)attheairportfortwohours,butwastoldthatthesportsstarwouldnotturn

upthatevening.

8.He(drive)hometheotherdaywhenapolice-manstoppedhimandaccusedhimofspeeding.

9.Publictransportationdelayswillbelessofaproblemifpeople(persuade)toridebicycles

insteadofdrivingprivatecars.

10.She(leave)herkeyintheoffice,soshehadtowaitoutsidethehouseforherhusbandtocome

back.

II.從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercuttingatthecultureshowofthe2019ShanghaiWorld

Expo.

A.areexhibitingB.isexhibitingC.arebeingexhibitedD.isbeingexhibited

2.Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,youfreshwatermeloninthefall.

A.eatB.wouldeatC.haveeatenD.willbeeating

3.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitonthemarketin1973.

A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes

4.1allthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI'vebeentoobusytodoit.

A.willdoB.doC.amdoingD.haddone

5.Formanyyears,peopleelectriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthan

predicted.

A.haddreamedofB.havedreamedofC.dreamedofD.dreamof

6.1wasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeoneit.Wasityou?

A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.woulddoD.willdo

7.Josephtoeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan,tsay"What'syourname?^^in

Russian.

A.hasbeengoingB.wentC.goesD.hasgone

8.-Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?

一Notuntilweourplan.

A.willfinishB.arefinishingC.aretofinishD.havefinished

9.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyforme.

A.haddoneB.didC.woulddoD.weredoing

10.-We'vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.

一Well,itisn'tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelativesaroundallthetime.

A.arecomingB.hadcomeC.werecomingD.havebeencoming

Keys：

I.1.hasn?tbeencleaned2.willaccept3.isbeingdecorated4.burns

5.havetaken6.wasworking7.hadbeenwaiting8.wasdriving9.arepersuaded

10.hadleft

II.1-5CDCBD6-10BADAD

鞏固提高

Readthisdialogue.Fitthecorrectverbtenseintothedialoguesothatitmakessense.

LiMei:Hello!What_1___you2(do)?You'reverylate!

John:I'msorry.I_3_just__4(finish)readinganewbook.

LiMei:What_5—(be)itsname?___6_you_7(enjoy)it?

John:It8(call)ToKillaMockingbirdandit_9_(be)wonderful.

LiMei:What_10___(be)itabout?

John:Well,it_11—(be)aboutprejudiceinthepastandit_12—(be)setinthesouthernstatesbeforethe

CivilRightsMovement.It13(concern)notonlywithracialproblems,butalso

—14___(deal)withprejudiceagainstpeoplewhoarementallylessablethanyouorme.

LiMei:That15(notsound)fun.

John:No.It___16(donot)but_17(be).Thestory_18(tell)fromthepointofviewofa

youngsix-year-oldgirlcalledScout.She_19—(see)alotofthingshappeningaroundherthat

she—20—(can)not21(understand).Soherlawyerfather,Atticus,andherbrother,Jem,

_22—(try)toexplainthemtoher.

LiMei:Why___23___it___24___(have)suchastrangetitle?

John:Yes,Isupposethatatfirstthetitle___25___(seem)alittlestrange.Atticus___26(explain)

earlyinthestorythattohurtanotherinnocenthumanbeing___27(be)ascruelastokilla

mockingbird.Thisisabirdthatonly___28(live)tobringyoupleasurewithitssinging.

LiMei:Thenthere___29(must)besomeinnocenthumanbeinghurtinthestory.Sowho_30

(be)theseinnocentcreatures?

John:There___31___(be)twoinnocentpeopledescribedinthestorywho32(treat)badlyby

others:theirneighbor,Arthur,who_33—(be)mentallysimpleandablackmanwho34

(accuse)ofacrimehe35(notcommit).

LiMei:DoyouthinkI_36(like)toreadit?

John:Yes,I'msureyou___37___(will).HereyoucantakemycopynowthatI'vefinishedwithit.Wecan

discussitwhenyou38(finish)readingit!

Keys：

1.have2.beendoing3.have4.finished5.is6.Did7.enjoy8.iscalled9.is10.is11.is

12.is13.isconcerned14.deals15.doesn'tsound16.doesn't17.is18.istold19.sees

20.can21.understand22.try23.does24.have25.seems26.explains27.is28.lives

29.must30.are31.are32.aretreated33.is34.isaccused35.didn'tcommit36.wouldlike

37.would38.finish/havefinished

1.Onthenextbirthday,Annmarriedfortwentyyears.

A.isB.hasbeenC.willbeD.willhavebeen

2.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmsallovertheword.

A.haveproducedB.havebeenproduced

C.areproducingD.arebeingproduced

3.WeJohn'snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.

A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput

4.-Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.

一Yeah,itusawholeweektogetthere.

A.takesB.hastakenC.tookD.wastaking

5..ExperimentsofthiskindinboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.

A.haveconductedB.havebeenconducted

C.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted

6.IsoonerbutIdidn'tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.

A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome

7.一BobhasgonetoCalifornia.

一Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe?

A.hasleftB.leftC.isleavingD.wouldleave

8.Allvisitorstothisvillagewithkindness.

A.treatB.aretreatedC.aretreatingD.hadbeentreated

9.Tominthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.

A.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking

10.―Whatamistake!

一Yes.I________hisdoingitanotherway,butwithoutsuccess.

A.wassuggestingB.willsuggestC.wouldsuggestD.hadsuggested

11.Ifyoudon'tlikethedrinkyoujustleaveitandtryadifferentone.

A.orderedB.areorderingC.willorderD.hadordered

12.Hisfirstnovelgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.

A.receivesB.isreceivingC.willreceiveD.hasreceived

13.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.

A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying

14.HlgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatI

A.wasdoingB.amdoingC.havedoneD.hadbeendoing

15.BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hisson.fromcollege.

A.graduatedB.hasgraduatedC.hadbeenD.hadgraduated

16.——Joan,whatinyourhand?

Look!It'sabirthdaygiftformygrandma.

A.hadyouheldB.areyouholdingC.doyouholdD.willyouhold

17.------1hearyouinapub.whafsitlike?

Well,it'sveryhandworkandI'malwaystired,butIdon'tmind.

A.areworkingB.willworkC.wereworkingD.willbeworking

18.-----Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.

——Iknow.Bynextmonth,he_enoughforausedone.

A.savesB.savedC.willsaveD.willhavesaved

19.Planningsofaraheadnosense-.somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.

A.madeB.ismakingC.makesD.hasmade

20.1wasn'tsureifhewasreallyinterestedorifhepolite.

A.wasjustbeingB.willjustbeC.hadjustbeenD.wouldjustbe

21.WhenAlicecameto,shedidnotknowhowlongshethere.

A.hadbeenlyingB.hasbeenlyingC.waslyingD.haslain

22.Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistant.inhisplacebut,

luckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.

A.gaveB.givesC.wasgivingD.hadgiven

23.In1942Columbus.ontheoftheBahamaislands,buthemistookitforanislandoffIndia.

A.landsB.landedC.haslandedD.hadlanded

24.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIsinceIcametothisschool.

A.attendedB.hadattendedC.amattendingD.haveattended

25.Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnologybyscientists.

A.aremakingB.aremadeC.willmakeD.willbemake

26.一Whatdoyouthinkofstoreshoppinginthefuture?

一Personally,Ithinkitwillexistalongwithhomeshoppingbut

A.willneverreplaceB.wouldneverreplace

C.willneverbereplacedD.wouldneverbereplaced

27.WhenIgotonthebus,IIhadleftmywalletathome.

A.wasrealizingB.realizedC.haverealizedD.wouldrealize

28.Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;thechildeverything!

A.hadbeeneatingB.hadeatenC.haveeatenD.havebeeneating

29.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkerstheirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.

A.arehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad

30.-Guesswhat,we'vegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUKthissummer.

—Hownice!Youadifferentculturethen.

A.willbeexperiencingB.haveexperienced

C.havebeenexperiencingD.willhaveexperienced

Keys:

1-5DBDCD6-10DBBCD11-15ADCBD16-20BADCA

21-25ACBDD26-30CBBBA

一.完型（2019海淀一模）

ADifferentView

Atage14,15and16,thewaywelookedwasthemostimportantthingintheworldtous.Myfriends

andIwantednothinglessthanperfection.

Inhighschool,wejoinedthegymnasticsteam,andour]becameevenmoreimportanttous.

Wehadnofat,onlymuscle.Ontheweekends,wewouldgotothebeach,2ofourflatstomachs.

Onesummerday,allmyfriendswereatmyhouse3.Atonepoint,Iwasrunningbacktothe

pool.I4onabee,andwhileitwasdyingundermyfoot,itstung（蟄）me.Iinstantlystartedtofeel

5_.Thatnight,Ibegantorunahighfeverandmylegandfootwerered,hotandswollen.Icouldn'twalk.I

couldbarely_6_.

Whenmyfootstartedtogonumb,everyonebecamemore7.Myfootwasnotgettingenough

blood.Ihadtogotothe8,andmyleghurtasifitwerebadlybroken.Icouldn'tmove.AllIcoulddo

wasthinkabouthowsoftmymiddlewasbecoming.That9memorethananyconcernovermyleg.

Thatwouldall10whenIheardthedoctorsmentionpossiblycuttingoffmyfoot.Itwasstillnot

gettingthe11supplyitneeded.Thedoctorswouldhavetospeeduptheirtreatment.

NeverbeforedidIhavesuchgreat12formyfoot.Andwalkingseemedlikea13fromthe

gods.LessandlesswouldIwanttohearmyfriendstalkabout14andwhowaswearingwhat.More

andmoreIexpectedvisitsfromotherkidsinthehospital,whowerequicklybecomingmyfriends.

Onegirlcametovisitme15Everytimeshecame,shebroughtflowers.Shewasrecovering

fromcancerandfeltsheshouldcomebackand16theotherpatients.

Shestillhadnohair,andshewasswollenfrommedicationsshehadbeentaking.Iwouldnothave

giventhisgirlasecond17before.Inowlovedeveryinchofherandlookedforwardtoher18.

Finally,IwasimprovingandsoonIwenthome.Mylegwasstillswollen,19Iwaswalking,andI

hadmyfoot!WhenIwouldgobacktothehospital,Ioftensawmyfriend.Shewasstillvisitingpeopleand

20goodcheer.Ithoughtifeventherewasanangelonthisearth,ithadtobeher.

1.A.gradesB.brainsC.bodiesD.clothes

2.A.ashamedB.proudC.sureD.tired

3.A.dancingB.chattingC.joggingD.swimming

4.A.steppedB.focusedC.heldD.took

5.A.upsetB.fearfulC.sickD.anxious

6.A.jumpB.runC.standD.rest

7.A.concernedB.relievedC.surprised