重難點(diǎn)02閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題

詞義猜測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解試題中的必考題型，可以是對(duì)一個(gè)單詞意義的推斷，也可以是對(duì)一個(gè)短語

或句子的推斷，既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新意，可以考查替代詞的內(nèi)容。在閱讀理解題

中，所考查的詞或短語大多超出考綱的范圍，需要根據(jù)語境進(jìn)行推測(cè)其含義。

平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意生詞和短語的積累，還要掌握構(gòu)詞法，和一定的解題技巧。

預(yù)計(jì)2024年高考詞義猜測(cè)題仍舊占比01題。

近3年新高考詞義猜測(cè)題數(shù)據(jù)分析

＞考點(diǎn)一：?jiǎn)卧~或短語意義猜測(cè)

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上下文猜詞義。猜測(cè)任何詞義都離不開上下文，所以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測(cè)的詞或短語進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的

推測(cè)?？衫孟铝蟹椒ǎ?/p>

(1)根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)

其定義或解釋，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。

(2)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時(shí)下文緊跟一個(gè)同位語，對(duì)上文的詞進(jìn)行解釋，這時(shí)

可利用同位關(guān)系對(duì)上文或下文的詞義或短語意義進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。

(3)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。在英語中，有很多詞可以加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞，如果掌握了一定的構(gòu)

詞知識(shí)，就不難猜出它的詞義。

(4)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。

(5)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,otherwise等可知上下句存

在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。

(6)根據(jù)舉例推測(cè)詞義。有時(shí)，劃線部分后會(huì)根由一些具體的例子，這些例子可以幫助考試?yán)斫庠?/p>

詞的詞義。線索詞such...assuch...as,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等。

＞考點(diǎn)二：猜測(cè)代替詞所替代的內(nèi)容

就近原則找指代。猜測(cè)代替詞的指代內(nèi)容，要求判斷代詞(it,one,they,this,that,these,those,which等)或助

動(dòng)詞(do,does,did等)具體替代什么?？砂匆韵氯竭M(jìn)行：返回原文，找到指代詞一向上(有時(shí)向下)搜索，

找最近的名詞、代詞，短語或句子一將找到的詞、詞組或句子代入替代該指代詞，看意思和邏輯關(guān)系是否

通順，從而確定最佳選項(xiàng)。

＞考點(diǎn)三：句意猜測(cè)題

意義吻合推句意。句意猜測(cè)要求通過閱讀文章，用合適的語句對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋性的描述。具體技巧如下：

(1)返回原文，找到該句，對(duì)原句進(jìn)行語法和邏輯關(guān)系分析。對(duì)于需要猜測(cè)句意的情形，首先要理解句子的

前后特定語境，然后根據(jù)語境對(duì)此句在文中的意思進(jìn)行有依據(jù)的推理，最后再進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，得出答案。

(2)一般來說，正確選項(xiàng)的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不過是用其他的詞匯或句式來轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)而已。

典例一

（2023年新高考I卷C篇）

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldechitten

Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,

youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassive

benefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clearup.B.Addon.C.Checkin.D.Takeover.

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典例二

（2023?年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject一the

book,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereader

appearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists9

representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks,9,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnections

betweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebook

asafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描繪）aloneinmanysettingsandposes

一absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpainted

hundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto“inparagraph2mean?

A.Understand.B.Paint.

C.Seize.D.Transform.

.限時(shí)檢測(cè)

（建議用時(shí)：8分鐘/篇）

1.（2023?山東德州市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whilemanyanimalpopulationsseemtodwindle,one

speciesthatismovingintheoppositedirectionofsuchlossisAmerica'snativewildlife-woodstork.

ThewoodstorkistheonlystorkthatbreedsinNorthAmerica.In1984,itwasdeclaredanendangered

speciesafteritspopulationdecreasedsharplytojust5,000matingpairs.Atthetime,scientistspredictedthatthe

birdwouldbeepletelyextinctby2000.Today,itnumbers10,000matingpairs,andtheFishandWildlifeService

isproposingadelistingofthewoodstorkasanendangeredspecies.Sohowdidthepopulationbounceback?

Thesuccessisinpartdowntotheresourcefulnessofthewoodstork.Thewoodstork'snativehomewasin

theEvergladesinFlorida,butitmigratednorthastheEvergladeswerebeingdestroyedbydevelopmentof

mankind.Wetlandpreservationandrestoration,protectionofnestingareas,andmanagementofwaterflowsbegan

withtheapprovalofthewoodstork'sfirstrecoveryplanin1986.Inthefollowingyear,formerSavannahCoastal

RefugesbiologistJohnRobinettenoticedstorknestsinGeorgiaasstorkpopulationsmovedtosaferwetlands.

AccordingtoStephanieKurose,aseniorpolicyspecialistattheCentreforBiologicalDiversity,the

EndangeredSpeciesActisalsotothankforthisrecovery.Shesaid,“Theactsavedthewoodstorkandithelped

preserveandrebuildvitalhabitatsthroughoutthesoutheast,whichhasimprovedwaterqualityandbenefited

countlessotherspecieswhocalltheareahome.""TheEndangeredSpeciesActhassaved99percentofthe

speciesthatwereonthelistsince1973.Ahundredtypesofplantsandanimalshavebeendelistedastheir

populationsbeestableagain.

Ifthewoodstorkisdelisted,itwillremainprotectedbyotherlawsandamonitoringplanwillbeputinplace

toensurethepopulationremainsstable.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddwindleprobablymean?

A.Boost.B.Change.C.Decline.D.Explode.

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2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoodstorkinparagraphtwo?

A.Itspopulationshowsarisingtrend.B.Ithasbeepletelyextinct.

C.Itiswidelydistributedworldwide.D.Itisthemostendangeredspecies.

3.Whatthreatenedthepopulationofthewoodstock?

A.ClimatechangeofEarth.B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Impactofhumanactivities.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

4.WhatisadirectresultoftheEndangeredSpeciesAct?

A.Peoplehavesaferwatertodrink.B.Alistofspecieshavebeensaved.

C.Thelocaleconomyhasboomed.D.Thewoodstockhasflownaway.

2.(2023-廣東東莞,東莞實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)?？家荒?ChatGenerativePretrainedTransformer(ChatGPT),createdby

openAI,anAIandresearchpany,isanaturallanguageprocessingtooldrivenbyAItechnologythatallowsyouto

havehumanlikeconversationsandmuchmorewithachatbot.Thelanguagemodelcananswerquestions,and

assistyouwithtaskssuchasposingemails,essaysandcode.

ChatGPTispoweredbyalargelanguagemodel,orLLM,meaningit'sprogrammedtounderstandhuman

languageandgenerateresponsesbasedonalargeamountofdata.WhatmakesChatGPTsoimpressiveisits

abilitytologcontextfromuser'searliermessagesinathreadanduseittoformresponseslaterinthe

conversation.

AccordingtoanalysisbySwissbankUBS,ChatGPTisthefastestgrowingupappofalltime.InJanuary,

onlytwomonthsafteritslaunch,UBSanalysisestimatesthatChatGPThad100millionactiveusers.Forparison,

ittookninemonthsforTikToktoreach100million.

Despitelookingveryimpressive,ChatGPTstillhaslimitations.Insteadofaskingforclarificationon

ambiguousquestions,themodeljusttakesaguessatwhatyourquestionmeans.t6Theprimaryproblemisthatthe

answersthatChatGPTproduceshaveahighrateofbeingincorrect,9,saysStackOverflowmoderatorsinapost.

Criticsarguethatthesetoolsarejustverygoodatputtingwordsintoanorderthatmakessensefromastatistical

pintofview,buttheycannotunderstandthemeaningorknowwhetherthestatementsitmakesarecorrect.

AnothermajorlimitationisthatChatGPT'sdataislimitedto2021.

ChatGPTisanadvancedchatbotthathasthepotentialtomakepeople'sliveseasierandtoassistwith

everydaytiringtasks,suchaswritinganemailorhavingtonavigatethewebforanswers.However,thereare

certaintechnicaldetailsthathavetobefiguredoutbeforeit'swidelyused,topreventnegativeoutessuchasthe

spreadofmisinformation.Ingeneral,thisAImodelreliesonlotsoftrainingandfinetuningtoreachalevelof

idealperformance.

5.WhatcanwelearnaboutChatGPTfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whatitspotentialmarketis.B.Itisdevelopedjointlybytwopanies.

C.Whyitenjoysgreatpopularity.D.ItisaconversationalAItool.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword4tit,9referto?

A.Context.B.ChatGPT5sability.C.Athread.D.LLM.

7.WhatisalimitationofChatGPT?

A.Lowefficiency.B.Disorderedwords.

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C.Pooraccuracy.D.Frequentcrashes.

8.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoChatGPT?

A.Unclear.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Satisfied.

3.（2023?廣東廣州?統(tǒng)考二模）Thebestideasareoftensosmart,sosimpleandsoclearlyneeded;ifsstrange

todiscovertheydon'talreadyexist.SoitiswithFarmMySchool,aprogramthafsturningunderusedlandat

secondaryschoolsintomerciallyachievable,regenerativemarketgardensfarmedbyandforlocalmunities.

CofoundedbypermaculturistBenShawandregenerativeeducatorJamesMcLennan,FarmMySchool

connectslocalpeopleandorganizationsthroughvolunteeringthathelpsestablishaschool'smarketgarden.

Studentslearnaboutmunitynetworks,healthyeating,ecologicalresponsibility,wastereductionandclimaterelief

whilehelpingwithfoodproduction.Schoolsintegratealltheseintotheircourseswhileproducingvegetableboxes

everyweekthatfeedlocalfamilies,supplytheschooFsfoodneedsandultimatelypaythefarmer^salary.

FarmMySchoolhasgainedtheextraordinaryenthusiasmofthelocals,whoansweredanonlineshoutoutto

buyticketstotheprogram'slauncheventatBellSecondarySchoollastOctober.CalledBuildAFarminaDay

Festival,theeventfeaturedworkshopsbyBenandJamestosharetheskillsrequiredtobuildwhattheysayisthe

world'slargestnodiggarden.4tItwassuchapowerfulevent,andIthinkthatesdowntopeoplewantingtoact

now,“saysJames."Wechargedfortheexperienceand600guysturnedup!Theydidn'tevenneedfreedrinksto

getexcited.Weweregardeningtillmidnight.Itwasamazing.We'vegottruemunitybuyin.”

Volunteershavesincebegunbeneficialplantingthroughouttheschool.Nextstepsincludefurtherdiscussions

withlocalmunities,employingafarmer,andbringinginateachertodevelopcourses."We'veseenthishugepush

towardsseeingschoolsasregenerativespaces,notjustforplantingbutforkidstobemoreconnectedtothe

outsideworld,andreallyseeingtheschoolinawholenewlight,“Jamessays.t6Forus,thebigexcitementisthat

byallowingaprofessionalfarmertotaketheresponsibilityofgrowingfood,it'snotonlyontheschooltolook

afterthatfarmanymore,whicheventuallymakesitmuchmoresustainable,"addsBen.

9.WhywasFarmMySchoolfounded?

A.Toraisetheineofthelocalpeople.

B.Toadvocateamercialfarmingplan.

C.Toprovidefreefoodforlocalmunities.

D.Toturnunderusedcampuslandintomarketgardens.

10.Howdoschoolsinvolvestudentsintotheprogram?

A.Bydevelopingprogrambasedcourses.

B.Byorganizingvoluntaryworkinmunities.

C.Byofferingthemparttimejobsinthemarketgardens.

D.Byencouragingthemtoproducedailyvegetableboxes.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“buyin“meaninparagraph3?

A.petition.

B.Investment.

C.Support.

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D.Protection.

12.WhatisthehighlightoftheprogramaccordingtoBen?

A.Itbringsinmoneytosupporttheschool.

B.Theschoolfarmwillbeabletolastlong.

C.Thelocalpeoplewilltakecareofthefarm.

D.Studentsconnectmorewiththeoutsideworld.

4.（2023?湖南郴州?校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）WhentheGreatBackyardBirdCount（GBBC）beganlastFriday,Steve

andJanetKistlerofHartCounty,Kentucky,joinedin.They'vedonesoeveryyearsincethenowglobaltradition

began25yearsago.

ForMoiraDalibor,whoteachesmathataschool,thiswasthefirstcount.Sheledagroupofstudentsand

parentstoanarboretum（植物園）foranexerciseindatagathering.Theywereamonghundredsofthousandsof

peoplearoundtheworldcountingandrecordingoverfourdays.Lastyear,about385,000peoplefrom192

countriestookpartintheGBBC.

ThisglobaldatagoesintotheeBirddatabaseusedbyscientistsforresearchonbirdpopulations,whichhave

declinedsharplyoverallinpastdecades.It'spartofarisein“citizenscience^^projectsinwhichvolunteerscollect

dataaboutthenaturalworldforusebyresearchers.

ManybirdwatchersuseeBirdyearround,andithascollectedhugeamountsofdata——oftenbetween1

millionand2millionbirdchecklistsamonthfromaroundtheworldinthepastcoupleofyears,saysBecca

RodomskyBish,theproject9sleaderattheCornellLabofOrnithology,inIthaca,NewYork."Observingbirdsisa

goodwaytoconnectwiththenaturalworld.Birdsareeverywhere.Youdon'thavetoleaveyourhouse.Theywill

e.Andthey'recharismaticbecausethey'refunandinterestingtowatch.^^

Thisishowitworks:Participantswatchbirds,whetherthatmeanslookingoutofthewindowfor15minutes

ortakingalongertriptoanaturearea.OrganizersremendtheMerlinbirdIDapptodistinguishbirdsbysize,

shape,songorothercharacteristics.Manyparticipantsalsocarryfieldguidesandbinoculars（雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡）along

withtheirphones.TheythenenterthefindingsintotheeBirdapp.Thosenumbershelpresearcherstracktheups

anddownsofvariousspecies,whichthenhelpdeterminethedirectionofconservationefforts.

DaliborpreparedherclasseswithinformationaboutlocalspeciesandpracticedwiththeMerlinapp.Thekids

recordedbirdsightingswithpencilsanddrawingboards,andparentvolunteersenteredthosenumbersonphones.

13.WhydidDaliborleadherstudentstoanarboretum?

A.Todoexerciseforhealth.B.Toobservedifferentplants.

C.Topracticetheirmathskills.D.Tocollectinformationaboutbirds.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“charismatic“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Attractive.B.Beautiful.C.Rare.D.Shy.

15.WhatcanpeopleusetheMerlinbirdIDapptodo?

A.Torecordtheirfindings.B.Toidentifydifferentbirds.

C.Tohelpdeterminethebirds'habitat.D.Totracktheupsanddownsofvariousspecies.

16.Whafsthebesttitleofthetext?

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A.GreatBackyardBirdCount:astrangeactivity

B.Watchingbirdscontributestostudents'education

C.MoiraDalibor:apioneerandresponsibleteacher

D.GreatBackyardBirdCountshowspowerofcitizenscience

5.（2023?廣東江門?新會(huì)陳經(jīng)綸中學(xué)?？既＃㏒alvadorDali（19041989）wasoneofthemostpopularof

modemartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerful

personalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongthe

worksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceof

Memory.ThereisalsoUEnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreen

andselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartisfsshowmanqualities.

ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.The

exhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.

TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities（無限）."Fromtheinfinitysmallto

theinfinitylarge,contractionandexpansioninginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowy

BaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseumtheatreinFigueras,“explainsthePompidouCentre.

ThefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecooperationwiththeMuseoNationalReinaSofiain

Madrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg.

17.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeDaliaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.Optimistic.B.ProductiveC.Generous.D.Traditional.

18.WhatisDali'sThePersistenceofMemoryconsideredtobe?

A.Oneofhismasterworks.B.Asuccessful,screenadaptation.

C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.D.OneofthebestTVprogrammes.

19.HowaretheexhibitsarrangedattheWorldofDali?

A.Bypopularity.B.Byimportance.

C.Bysizeandshape.D.Bytimeandsubject.

20.Whatdoestheword“contributions“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Creations.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.

6.（2023?廣東廣州,廣州市協(xié)和中學(xué)?？家荒＃￤hatmightbetheglobalimpactofextremelossesoftheAmazon

rainforest-theworld'slargestrainforest?AnewstudyhasfoundthatrapiddeforestationoftheAmazon

rainforestcouldinfluencethetemperatureandrainfalloverasfarawayastheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.

SainiYangatBeijingNormalUniversityinChinaandhercolleaguesanalysedglobalclimatologicaldata

from1979to2019toidentifycorrelationsintemperatureandrainfallbetweentheAmazonrainforestandother

areas.Suchlinksarecalled“teleconnections（遙相關(guān)）

TheyfocusedontheAmazonrainforestinparticularbecauseofitssignificanceasamajorcarbonsinkandas

aclimatic“tippingpoint（臨界點(diǎn)）“thatcouldseeforeststurntotropicalgrasslandsbeyondacertainlimitof

warmingandhumandrivendeforestation.

Theresearchersfoundthatsince1979,warmtemperaturesintheAmazonwasassociatedwithwarm

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temperaturesovertheTibetanplateauandtheWestAntarcticicesheet;morerainfallintheAmazonwasrelevant

tolessrainfallinthoseregions.

ByanalysingchangingtemperaturesintheregionsbetweentheAmazonandthosedistantareas,theywere

alsoabletotracethepaththroughwhichenergyormaterialssuchasblackcarbonreleasedinforestfiremight

propagatethroughtheatmosphere.Theiranalysisshowedtherouteremainedconsistentunderdifferentfuture

warmingcircumstances.

ThecollapseoftheWestAntarcticicesheetisaknowntippingpoint.MeltingsnowontheTibetanplateauis

not,buttheregioniswarmingmorerapidlythanmuchoftherestoftheglobe,andchangestosnowandicethere

couldhaveconsequencesforecosystemsandthebillionsofpeoplethatrelyonitssnowmeltforwater.

“IftheAmazondoeshaveaninfluenceontheseregions,itcouldmeanthereisahigherrisktheAmazon

tippingpointmightsetothersoff',saysJothanatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchinGermany.

“Itaddsanadditionalpotentialdominothatcan

21.Howdidthestudyidentifyteleconnections?

A.Byrecordingtemperatureandrainfall.

B.Byfindingthesimilaritiesbetweenregions.

C.Byexaminingpreviousdataonglobalclimate.

D.ByanalysingclimatologicaldataoftheAmazon.

22.Theunderlinedword“propagate“inparagraph5probablymeans"

A.spreadB.absorbC.launchD.switch

23.WhatJothansuggestsabouttheAmazon?

A.Itisnowatahigherriskofdisappearing.

B.Itindeedhasaneffectonthetworegions.

C.Deforestationiscausedbyhumanactivities.

D.Thetippingpointmightcauseachainreaction.

24.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ChangeswithintheAmazon.

B.TheAmazonatatippingpoint.

C.TheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.

D.GlobalimpactsoftheAmazondeforestation.

7.（2023?江蘇?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）OnanextremelycoldDecembernight,firetrucksarrivedinthesleepylittletown

ofManton,MichiganandshottoChittie9shome.Wasitbecauseofafireorachildclimbingtoohightoa

dangerousplace?Rather,itwasforhelpingmakeadreametrue.

Outdooractivitiesandaslowpaceoflifeareamainstayinthisruraltown.Whenpeoplewereunabletoleave

themunity,ScottChittiedecidedtheyneededasafeplacetoetogetherandsomethingjoyfulduringthewinter

months.Andwhatisabetteroutdooractivitytogetpeopleoutsidethaniceskating?

Tofulfilhisdream,Chittiedownloadedinstructionsonhowtobuildanicerinkandthenordereda3,000

squarefootwaterproofclothandsomewoodtocreatewallsonline.Ittook12firetruckstogetenoughwaterto

filltheplot.

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IttookalittletimeandsomeneighborlypersuasionasChittiewentdoortodoortoconvincepeopletoeto

seehiscreation,andsoonChittie'sbackyardicerinkbecameaMantonhotspot.Childrenwereskatingand

shooting,afirewasburning,andhotchocolatewassteamingintogocups."Whenthingsweretough,itwasa

place,“saysChittie9sneighborAudreyHooker."Itwasfantasticbecausewejustcametogetherandbecamecalm

andhappyinsteadofconcemed.^^

Butthegoodwilldidn'tstopwithChittie.Whenthemunityheardhowmuchmoneyheusedtomakethis

projecthappen,everyonesteppedforward.Afundraiserbroughtinabout$1,300,andlettersfloodedtoChittie's

homestuffedwithcash."Almost30pletestrangersknockedonmydoortojustshakemyhandandsaythankyou,

mostofthemhandingmemoneyaswellandthreeaskingforahug,“saysChittie."Thishasbeenamunitything.

Ifsmorethanme.Iwanttoshowtherestoftheworldwhatalittleeffortandthebestintentionscando.”

25.WhydidfiretrucksetoManton?

A.Todealwithanemergency.B.Tosendwatertothemunity.

C.Toensurepeople'ssafetyinthetown.D.TohelpwithChittiebuildingtheicerink.

26.WhatdidChittiedotocarryouthisproject?

A.Persuadehisneighborstomakedonations.B.Purchaseapieceoflandbehindhishouse.

C.TurntotheInternetfortipsandmaterials.D.ResearchthepopularlifestylesinManton.

27.Howdidtheicerinkaffectthemunity?

A.ItmadethemunitypopularinMantan.B.Itsloweddownthepaceoftheresidents?life.

C.Itofferedpeopletherefortandpany.D.Itinspiredtheresidentstodooutdooractivities.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?

A.Everyonecouldmakeadifferencetosociety.B.Chittiereceivedactsofkindnessfromothers.

C.Themunitygotbetterduetotheicerink.D.Chittiehadgoodwilltothewholemunity.

8.（2023?江蘇南通?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Otters（水獺）areknowntobeverysocialandintelligentcreatures,butanew

studybytheUniversityofExeterhasgivennewinsightintotheirintellect.

Researchersgaveotters"puzzleboxes（智力訓(xùn)I練箱）“，someofwhichcontainedfamiliarfood,whileothers

heldunfamiliarnaturalprey（獵物）一shorecrabandbluemussels,whichareprotectedbyhardoutershells.For

thefamiliarfood-meatballs,afavoritewiththeAsianshortclawedottersinthestudythescientistshadfive

differenttypesofboxes,andthemethodtoextract（提?。﹖hefoodchangedineachversion,forexamplepullinga

taboropeningacap.Theunfamiliarfoodpresentedadditionalproblemsbecausetheottersdidnotknowifthe

crabandmusselsweresafetoeatandhadnoexperienceofgettingthemoutoftheirshells.

Inordertodecidewhetherfoodwassafeanddesirabletoeat,theotters,whichliveatNewquayzooandthe

TamarOtterandWildlifeCentre,watchedintently（專注地）astheirpanionsinspectedwhatwasintheboxesand

mimickedtheirbehavioriftheotherotterssampledthetreats.

However,theypreferredtospendmoretimetryingtofigureouthowtoremovethemeatfromtheshellson

theirownandreliedlessontheactionsoftheirpanions.Ofthe20ottersinthestudy,11managedtoextractthe

meatfromallthreetypesofnaturalprey.

“Muchoftheresearchintotheextractiveforaging（覓食）andlearningcapabilitiesofottershascenteredon

artificialfoodpuzzles,“saidtheleadauthor,AlexSaliveros,oftheCentreforEcologyandConservationon

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Exeter9sPenryncampusinCornwall."Here,wewereinterestedininvestigatingsuchskillsinthecontextof

unfamiliarnaturalfood,aswellasinrelationtoartificialfoodpuzzles."

Otheranimalsemploysociallearningtodecidewhatissafetoeat;rats,forexample,prefernovelfoodtypes

thattheyhavesmelledonthebreathofotherrats.

Scientistshopethatunderstandinghowotterscopewithunfamiliarforagedfoodintheirnaturalenvironment

canhelpthemtraintheanimalstosurviveinthewild.4tThecaptive（圈養(yǎng)的）ottersinthisstudyinitiallystruggled

withnaturalprey,buttheyshowedtheycanlearnhowtoextractthefood,“saidSaliveros.4aOurfindingssuggest

thatifyougiveoneotterprereleasetraining,itcanpasssomeofthatinformationontoothers.9,

29.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thepurposeoftheresearch.B.Theprocessofextractingthefood.

C.Thediscoveryoftheintellect.D.Thewaysofpresentingthefood.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mimicked“probablymeaninparagraphs?

A.Copied.B.Influenced.C.Translated.D.Monitored.

31.Whatdoesthenewstudyfocuson?

A.Changesinotters5learningcapabilities.

B.Otters9newresponseinartificialfoodpuzzles.

C.Otters9learningskillsindifferentcircumstances.

D.Relationshipsbetweenotters'variouslearningskills.

32.Whafsthesignificanceofthefindings?

A.Theymayhelpextractthefood.B.Theyimproveotters5intelligence.

C.Theycanaidconservationefforts.D.Theyjustifytheearlyreleaseofotters.

9.（2023?江蘇鹽城?統(tǒng)考三模）Inthisageofscreens,smartphones,virtualassistantsandvoiceenabledspeakers,

weconstantlyreceivevisualandauditory（聽覺的）suggestionsofthingstodo,productstobuy,andmediato

consume.Yetareallthesemessagescreatedequal?Accordingtoaresearch,theanswerisno.

Inthespringof2018,MariadassouandBechler,bothgraduatestudentsofBusiness,weresittinginaseminar

（研討會(huì)），inwhichtheywerestudyinghowdifferenttypesofmessagesaffectdecisionmaking.Theylearnedthat

peoplegenerallyperceivesomeoneasmoreintelligentwhentheyconveyspokeninformationratherthan

deliveringthesamemessageinwriting.

Astheychattedafterclass,Mariadassourecalls,“We