機(jī)密★啟用前2024—2025學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期末監(jiān)測(cè)高二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)(考試時(shí)間:120分鐘總分:150分)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題時(shí)，務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。2.答選擇題時(shí)，必須使用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.答非選擇題時(shí)，必須使用黑色墨水筆或黑色簽字筆，將答案書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。4.所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Havearest.B.Continuewalking.C.Admirethescenery.2.Whatisthemandoing?A.Ridingabike.B.Drivingacar.C.Checkingamotorbike.3.Whatdoesthewomanexpectthemantodo?A.Contacthermother.B.Cookamealforher.C.Getherashoulderbag.4.WhendidthemanvisittheNationalPark?A.LastSeptember.B.LastDecember.C.ThisJuly.5.Wheredidtheconversationtakeplace?A.Intheoffice.B.Attheairport.C.Atthehotel.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whathastheweatherbeenlikerecently?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.7.Whatistheman’sadviceforthewoman?A.Travellingbycar.B.Takinganumbrella.C.Buyinganewphone.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.HowmanyhoursisShakeitOffFitnessopeneachday?A.19.B.21.C.24.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Spendwisely.B.Evaluatehisneeds.C.Haveatailoredplan.10.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Bookapersonaltrainer.B.Negotiateforabetterprice.C.Experiencethegymhimself.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Wheredidthewomanknowabouttheadvertisement?A.OntheInternet.B.Fromanewspaper.C.Fromherfriend.12.Whywillthemansellthediningtable?A.Hedoesn’tlikeitanymore.B.Hehasboughtasmallerone.C.Heismovingtoanewapartment.13.Whatwillthewomanprobablydotomorrowafternoon?A.Tidyupherroom.B.Checkonthediningtable.C.Talkwithherfriend.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Amunityserviceproject.B.Agardeningexperienceproject.C.Amunitymanagementproject.15.Howdoesthemanfindtheproject?A.Boring.B.Meaningful.C.plicated.16.Whatwillthemandointheproject?A.Sellflowers.B.Paintbenches.C.Rebuildtheplayground.17.Whatmightthelocalbusinessesdofortheproject?A.Donatematerials.B.Rewardthestudents.C.Providecleaningservices.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Teachingaclass.B.Reportingastudy.C.Chairingameeting.19.Whatisthemostimportantpartoftakingnotes?AReading.B.Listening.C.Writing.20.Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofusingsymbols?A.Itkeepsinformationsecret.B.Itleavesspaceforfutureuse.C.Itmakeskeywordsnoticeable.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALightingisakeydesignfeatureinyourhomeanddeservesconsideration,whetherit’stobrightenupadullcorneroryou’replanningafullrenovation(翻新).Here,weputthespotlightonfourkeylightingdesignlayersandhowyoucanusethemtocaptureeveryroomofyourhomeinitsbestlight.GenerallightingThinkofgenerallightingasthebackgroundlayerthatcastsanevenillumination(照明)throughoutaroom,mostmonlyfromyourceilinglights.Astheseareoftenthemainsourceoflightforaroom,it’swisetohaveflexibleoptionsdependingonthetimeofday,ordesiredbrightnesstosuitthemoodandtheroom’spurposeatthetime.Ambient(氛圍的)lightingAmbientlightingisthelayerthataddswarmthandsoftnesstoyourspace.Thinklampbeltunderthekitchenbench,orfloorlampsinthecorner.Useambientlightingwhereyouwanttoencouragerestandfort,suchaslivingspacesandbedrooms.TasklightingThenextlayertoconsideristasklightingformorepracticaluses.Thesearebrighterandaredesignedtoilluminateworkplaces,andarealsousedforstudyareas,homeoffices,bedsidetablesandreadingcorners.AccentlightingAccentlightingisplacedtocreateaspecificlighteffect,suchasdownlightsorspotlightstohighlightartwork,andwashlightsagainstwalls.Thelayeringofaccentlightingcanbeusedtohighlightarchitecturaldetailsandisanartfulwaytocreatefocusandplaywithlightinyourspace.1.Whatisthemajorfunctionofgenerallighting?A.Brighteningadarkcorner. B.Refreshingthesurroundings.C.Lightinguptheentireroom. D.Addingwarmthandsoftness.2.Whereistasklightingusuallyplaced?ABesidethestudytable. B.Underthekitchenbench.C.Inthemiddleoftheceiling. D.Onthewallofthehallway.3.Whichlightingcanhighlightafocusartfully?A.Generallighting B.Ambientlighting.C.Tasklighting D.Accentlighting.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了家居照明的四個(gè)關(guān)鍵設(shè)計(jì)層次：一般照明、氛圍照明、任務(wù)照明和強(qiáng)調(diào)照明?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Generallighting部分中“Thinkofgenerallightingasthebackgroundlayerthatcastsanevenillumination(照明)throughoutaroom,mostmonlyfromyourceilinglights.(把普通照明想象成背景層，在整個(gè)房間里投射均勻的照明，最常見(jiàn)的是你的天花板燈)”可知，一般照明的主要作用是照亮了整個(gè)房間。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tasklighting部分中“Thenextlayertoconsideristasklightingformorepracticaluses.Thesearebrighterandaredesignedtoilluminateworkplaces,andarealsousedforstudyareas,homeoffices,bedsidetablesandreadingcorners.(下一層要考慮的是用于更實(shí)際用途的任務(wù)照明。這些燈更亮，設(shè)計(jì)用于照亮工作場(chǎng)所，也用于學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)、家庭辦公室、床頭柜和閱讀角)”可知，任務(wù)照明用于照亮工作場(chǎng)所，也用于學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)、家庭辦公室、床頭柜和閱讀角，所以通常會(huì)放在書(shū)桌旁。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Accentlighting部分中“Accentlightingisplacedtocreateaspecificlighteffect,suchasdownlightsorspotlightstohighlightartwork,andwashlightsagainstwalls.Thelayeringofaccentlightingcanbeusedtohighlightarchitecturaldetailsandisanartfulwaytocreatefocusandplaywithlightinyourspace.(重點(diǎn)照明的放置是為了創(chuàng)造特定的光效果，比如筒燈或射燈來(lái)突出藝術(shù)品，以及墻壁上的洗燈。強(qiáng)調(diào)照明的分層可以用來(lái)突出建筑細(xì)節(jié)，是一種巧妙的方式來(lái)創(chuàng)造焦點(diǎn)，并在你的空間里玩光)”可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)照明可以巧妙地突出焦點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。BIwastheonlykidincollegewithareasontogotothemailbox,becausemymotherneverbelievedinemail,orcellphonesingeneral.Iwasliterallywaitingtogetalettertoseehowtheweekendhadgone,whichwasusuallythewarmestfortforme.SowhenImovedtoNewYorkandgotsuckerpunchedinthefacebydepression,IdidtheonlythingIcouldthinkof—writingletterslikemymotherforstrangers.IbloggedaboutthoselettersandcrazilypromisedIwouldwriteahandwrittenlettertowhoeveraskedmeto.Overnight,myinboxbecamethisharborofheartbreakasinglemotherinSacramento,agirlbeingbullied(恐嚇)inruralKansas..,allaskingmetowritethemaletterandgivethemareasontowaitbythemailbox.AndthisishowtheactTheWorldNeedsMoreLoveLetterswasborn,fueledbythosetripstothemailbox.Butthethingabouttheselettersisthatmostofthemhavebeenwrittenbypeople,whohavegrownupintoapaperlessworldwheresomebestconversationshappenswiftlyonascreen.I’vebeencarryingthismailcrate(大木箱)withmethesedays,whichisamagicalicebreaker.SoIgettotelltotalstrangersaboutawomanwhosehusbandwastraumatized(受精神創(chuàng)傷)fromwarinAfghanistan,andhowsheleftlovelettersthroughoutthehouseasawaytosay,“ebacktome.”Andtheman,whohaddecidedtotakehislife,tonightsleptsafelywithlettersjustbeneathhispillow,handwrittenbystrangerswhowerethereforhim.Thesearethekindsofstoriesthatconvincemethatletterwritingwillalwaysbeneeded,eveninthesedays,becauseitisanartnow,allofit:thesigning,thescripting,andthemailing.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theauthordidn’tbelieveinemail.B.Momhadbeencheatedbylettersfromstrangers.C.municatingbyemailwasMom’sfavorite.D.TheauthorwasattachedtoreceivinglettersfromMom.5.Whatinspiredtheauthortolaunchtheact?A.Theletters’fortingeffectonpeople. B.Herintentionofprovidingprofessionalaid.C.Thepositiveinfluenceofmoderntechnology. D.Hermother’sfearofmodernmunication.6.Whydoestheauthorcallthemailcrate“amagicalicebreaker”?A.Itmeltsiceeasilyonacoldday. B.Itservesasatoolformagictricks.C.Itencouragespeopletorecoverfromtraumas. D.Ithelpstostartaconversationwithpassersby.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PassionforWriting. B.PricelessFamilyLetters.C.LoveLetterstoStrangers. D.TheArtofWritingLetters.【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了作者通過(guò)親手寫(xiě)信的方式與陌生人交談，給他們帶去了安慰?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Iwasliterallywaitingtogetalettertoseehowtheweekendhadgone,whichwasusuallythewarmestfortforme.(我真的在等著收到一封信，看看周末過(guò)得怎么樣，這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)通常是最溫暖的安慰)”可知，作者很喜歡收到媽媽的來(lái)信。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Overnight,myinboxbecamethisharborofheartbreakasinglemotherinSacramento,agirlbeingbullied(恐嚇)inruralKansas..,allaskingmetowritethemaletterandgivethemareasontowaitbythemailbox.(一夜之間，我的收件箱變成了心碎的港灣——一位在薩克拉門(mén)托的單身母親，一個(gè)在堪薩斯州鄉(xiāng)下被欺負(fù)的女孩……所有人都要求我給他們寫(xiě)一封信，給他們一個(gè)在郵箱旁等待的理由)”可知，信件對(duì)人們的安慰作用激發(fā)了作者發(fā)起這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“SoIgettotelltotalstrangersaboutawomanwhosehusbandwastraumatized(受精神創(chuàng)傷)fromwarinAfghanistan,andhowsheleftlovelettersthroughoutthehouseasawaytosay,“ebacktome.”Andtheman,whohaddecidedtotakehislife,tonightsleptsafelywithlettersjustbeneathhispillow,handwrittenbystrangerswhowerethereforhim.(于是我開(kāi)始給陌生人講述一個(gè)女人的故事，她的丈夫在阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受到了創(chuàng)傷，她如何在家里到處留下情書(shū)，以一種方式說(shuō)：“回到我身邊來(lái)。”而這個(gè)決定結(jié)束自己生命的人，今晚安然入睡，枕頭下有陌生人手寫(xiě)的信，他們一直守候在他身邊)”可知，為什么作者稱(chēng)郵件箱為“神奇的破冰器”是因?yàn)樗_(kāi)啟了和陌生人的交談。故選D項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“SowhenImovedtoNewYorkandgotsuckerpunchedinthefacebydepression,IdidtheonlythingIcouldthinkof—writingletterslikemymotherforstrangers.IbloggedaboutthoselettersandcrazilypromisedIwouldwriteahandwrittenlettertowhoeveraskedmeto.(所以，當(dāng)我搬到紐約，被抑郁癥打臉時(shí)，我做了我能想到的唯一一件事——像我母親一樣給陌生人寫(xiě)信。我把這些信寫(xiě)在博客上，并瘋狂地承諾，無(wú)論誰(shuí)讓我寫(xiě)，我都會(huì)寫(xiě)一封手寫(xiě)的信)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“SoIgettotelltotalstrangersaboutawomanwhosehusbandwastraumatized(受精神創(chuàng)傷)fromwarinAfghanistan,andhowsheleftlovelettersthroughoutthehouseasawaytosay,“ebacktome.”Andtheman,whohaddecidedtotakehislife,tonightsleptsafelywithlettersjustbeneathhispillow,handwrittenbystrangerswhowerethereforhim.(于是我開(kāi)始給陌生人講述一個(gè)女人的故事，她的丈夫在阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受到了創(chuàng)傷，她如何在家里到處留下情書(shū)，以一種方式說(shuō)：“回到我身邊來(lái)?！倍@個(gè)決定結(jié)束自己生命的人，今晚安然入睡，枕頭下有陌生人手寫(xiě)的信，他們一直守候在他身邊)”結(jié)合短文敘述了作者通過(guò)親手寫(xiě)信的方式與陌生人交談，給他們帶去了安慰。故短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“寫(xiě)給陌生人的信”。故選C項(xiàng)。CEducationin2080isdistinctivefromeducationinthe2020s.Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewellbeingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild’seducationlookslikein2080.HernameisShemsy.Shemsyis13,andsheisconfidentandloveslearning.Shemsydoesnotgotoschoolinthemorningbecauseschoolsasyouknowthemnolongerexist.Theinstitutionwasabolishedasitwaswidelythoughtofasmorelikeaprisonorafactorythanacreativelearningenvironment.Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith“LearningHubs”thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.Theyarewhereintergenerationallearninghappens,inlinewiththebeliefthatlearningisalifelongpursuit.Everyyear,Shemsydesignsherlearningjourneyfortheyearwithahighlyattentive“teachercitizen”.Shemsyisactivelyengagedindesigninghereducationandhastoproposeprojectsshewouldliketobeinvolvedintocontributetoandservehermunity.Shealsospendslotsoftimeplayingastheroleofplayinlearninghasfinallybeenrecognizedasessentialandcoretoourhumanity.Shemsyworksalotcollaboratively.Accesstoeducationisuniversal,andhighereducationinstitutionsnolongerdifferentiatethemselvesbyhowmanypeopletheyrejectyearly.Variabilitybetweenstudentsisexpectedandleveraged(利用)asyoungpeopleteachoneanotherandusetheirdifferencesasasourceofstrength.Shemsynaturallyexploreswhatsheiscuriousaboutatapaceshesets.Shestillhassomeclassestotakethataremandatoryforchildrenglobally:BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity.Weinviteyoutothinkaboutyourvisionforeducationintheyear2080,whatdoesitlooklike,whodoesitserve,andhowdoesittransformoursocieties?8.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?A.Therearedifferenttypesofeducation.B.Thepresenteducationneedsimprovements.C.Educationandeconomyarecloselyassociated.D.Thegoaloffutureeducationisfundamentallydifferent.9.WhatdoweknowabouttheLearningHubthatShemsygoesto?A.Itacceptsstudentsofallages. B.Itpromotespetition.C.Itdiscouragesindividualizedlearning. D.Itisallaboutplaybasedlearning.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mandatory”inparagraph3mean?A.Tough. B.Satisfactory. C.Optional. D.Required.11.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?AAnExampletoAll B.AVisionforEducationC.AChallengeforEducation D.AJourneyintotheFuture【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹的是對(duì)2080年的教育的展望?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewellbeingofsocietyandallitsmembers.(直到2035年左右，教育系統(tǒng)的主要功能是為經(jīng)濟(jì)提供下一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社會(huì)及其所有成員的福祉。)”可知，第一段主要告訴我們未來(lái)教育的目標(biāo)是完全不同的。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith“LearningHubs”thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.(學(xué)校已經(jīng)被不受年齡限制的“學(xué)習(xí)中心”所取代。)”可知，Shemsy去的學(xué)習(xí)中心接受所有年齡的學(xué)生。故選A?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity(做人和人類(lèi)歷史)”可知，做人和人類(lèi)歷史應(yīng)該是全球兒童必修的課程，劃線(xiàn)詞mandatory的意思是“必修的”，和required意思相近，故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewellbeingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild’seducationlookslikein2080.(在2080年，教育的目的是社會(huì)及其所有成員的福祉。為了讓你們更明白這一點(diǎn)，我想舉一個(gè)2080年兒童教育的例子。)”可知，本文主要介紹的是對(duì)2080年的教育的展望，因此最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是B選項(xiàng)“AVisionforEducation(教育遠(yuǎn)景)”。故選B。DPeruispreparedtoapprovenewlawsthatwouldmakeiteasiertoinvestigateandpunishresearcherswhoengageinacademiccheating,includingpayingtohavetheirnamesaddedtoapaper.ThemoveesasPeru’snationalagencyseekstocrackdownonauthorshipbuyingandotherdishonestpractices.Itrecentlyremovedtwoscientistsaccusedofdishonestpublicationsfromanationalregistrythatiskeytoreceivinggovernmentsponsor,jobpromotions,andsalarybonuses.Andofficialsareinvestigatingmorethan170otherresearchersthataPeruvianmediareportclaimedwereinvolvedinacademicmisconduct,including72listedonthenationalregistrywhoworkat14universitiesinPeru.Thenewlawswillempoweruniversitiesandgovernmentofficialstopunishsuchbehavior.Dishonestpublishingpractices“transcendmeremoralmisbehavior”becausetheyenableresearcherstoobtaingovernmentandprivatefundingwithouttellingthetruth,saysEdwardMalagaTrillo,amemberofCongresswhoisthedrivingforcebehindthebills,whichlawmakersareexpectedtofinalizeearlythisyear.“Theseindividualsareoperatingacademiccheating.”P(pán)eru’sacademicmunityhasbeenstrugglingwitharisingtideoffalseauthorshipandrelatedproblems.Onecause,someresearcherssay,isa2014lawthataimedtostimulateresearchbyrewardingresearcherswhoboosttheirpublishingoutput.Forexample,underascoringsystemusedbyuniversities,researcherscanearnfivepointsforauthorshipinahighimpactjournal,andtwopointswhenthejournalislowerimpact.Gettingmorepointscanbringbonuspaymentsandcareerpromotion.Signsofdishonestpublishingcanbeobvious,notesNahuelMonteblanco,presidentofCientificos.pe,aPeruviangroupthatinvestigatesmisconduct.ManyofthepaperscitedbyPuntoFinalhavenumerouscoauthorsfromdifferentnationswithfewpriorpublicationsonthesamesubject.“Ifyourcolleagueconsistentlypublishes20articlesayearwithcoauthorsfromothercountries,that’shighlysuspect,”Monteblancosays.12.WhatactiondidPerutakerecentlytoaddressacademiccheating?A.Fining72offendersforacademicdishonesty.B.Disqualifying2scientistsfromanationalregistry.C.Withdrawinggovernmentfundfrom14universities.D.Punishing170researchersforacademicmisconduct.13.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“transcend”inparagraph3?A.Strengthen. B.Change. C.Gobeyond. D.Approveof.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthe2014lawinPeru”?A.Itappliedtohighimpactjournals.B.Itadvocatedafairscoringsystem.C.Itaimedtopunishdishonestpublishing.D.Itledtoanincreaseinfalseauthorship.15.Themostsuspicionmightbegiventoaproductiveresearcherwith.A.consistentresearchfocus B.careerpromotionC.coauthorsfromvariouscountries D.fewcitationsbyPuntoFinal【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了秘魯為打擊學(xué)術(shù)造假準(zhǔn)備批準(zhǔn)新法律，以及當(dāng)前秘魯學(xué)術(shù)界面臨的學(xué)術(shù)不端問(wèn)題、采取的措施和相關(guān)背景原因等。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Itrecentlyremovedtwoscientistsaccusedofdishonestpublicationsfromanationalregistrythatiskeytoreceivinggovernmentsponsor,jobpromotions,andsalarybonuses.(秘魯最近將兩名被指控發(fā)表不實(shí)論文的科學(xué)家從國(guó)家注冊(cè)名單中除名，該名單是獲得政府資助、職位晉升和薪資獎(jiǎng)金的關(guān)鍵條件。)”可知，秘魯近期采取的行動(dòng)是取消了2名科學(xué)家在國(guó)家注冊(cè)名單中的資格來(lái)解決學(xué)術(shù)作弊的問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Dishonestpublishingpractices“transcendmeremoralmisbehavior”becausetheyenableresearcherstoobtaingovernmentandprivatefundingwithouttellingthetruth,saysEdwardMalagaTrillo,amemberofCongresswhoisthedrivingforcebehindthebills,whichlawmakersareexpectedtofinalizeearlythisyear.“Theseindividualsareoperatingacademiccheating.”(國(guó)會(huì)成員EdwardMalagaTrillo是這些法案的推動(dòng)力量，他表示，不誠(chéng)實(shí)的出版行為“transcend單純的道德失范”，因?yàn)樗鼈兪寡芯咳藛T能夠在不誠(chéng)實(shí)的情況下獲得政府和私人資金。立法者預(yù)計(jì)今年年初將敲定這些法案。“這些人正在進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)欺詐?！?”可知，不誠(chéng)實(shí)的出版行為不僅是道德上的錯(cuò)誤，還涉及欺詐資金等更嚴(yán)重的后果。由此推斷，“transcend”與“Gobeyond”含義接近，意為“超越、超出”。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Onecause,someresearcherssay,isa2014lawthataimedtostimulateresearchbyrewardingresearcherswhoboosttheirpublishingoutput.(一些研究人員表示，原因之一是2014年的一項(xiàng)法律，該法律旨在通過(guò)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)提高發(fā)表量的研究人員來(lái)刺激研究)”以及“Gettingmorepointscanbringbonuspaymentsandcareerpromotion.(獲得更多分?jǐn)?shù)可以帶來(lái)獎(jiǎng)金和職業(yè)晉升)”可知，該法律導(dǎo)致研究人員為追求分?jǐn)?shù)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而可能采取虛假署名等不端行為，即該法律導(dǎo)致了虛假署名現(xiàn)象的增加。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】邏輯推理題。根據(jù)最后一段“ManyofthepaperscitedbyPuntoFinalhavenumerouscoauthorsfromdifferentnationswithfewpriorpublicationsonthesamesubject.“Ifyourcolleagueconsistentlypublishes20articlesayearwithcoauthorsfromothercountries,that’shighlysuspect,”Monteblancosays.(《PuntoFinal》（秘魯媒體）引用的許多論文有大量來(lái)自不同國(guó)家的合著者，而這些合著者此前在同一主題上的發(fā)表成果很少。蒙特布蘭科說(shuō)：“如果你的同事每年持續(xù)與其他國(guó)家的合著者發(fā)表20篇文章，這就非?？梢伞！?”可知，擁有來(lái)自不同國(guó)家合著者的高產(chǎn)研究人員最容易受到懷疑。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。“Themoreyouread,themorethingsyouknow.Themoreyoulearn,themoreplacesyou’llgo.”ThisisafamousquotebyDrSuess.___16___Theimportanceofreadingskillscannotbestressedenough.Here’swhyreadingisbeneficialtoallofus.●____17____Readingisagatewaytolearninganythingabouteverything.Ithelpsyoudiscovernewthingsandeducateyourselfinanyareaoflifeyouareinterestedin.Youcanfindabookonjustanysubjectyoucanimagine,diveinandstartlearning.Yourchildcanlearnabouttheirintereststhroughreadingthingstheyenjoy.●Readingdevelopsyourimaginationandcreativity.Whenwewatchtelevisionoramovie,alltheinformationisgiventousonthescreen.____18____However,thingsaredifferentduringthereading.Abookinitspureformisjustwordsonapage,andourmindshavetodothework,imaginingthewordsingtolife.Thisdoeswonderstodevelopourcreativityandimagination.●Readingimprovesvocabularyandmunication.Givingyourchildaccesstoaworldofwordsisoneofthebestwaystoimprovetheirvocabularyandenhancetheirspellingskills.Newknowledgethat’sgainedthroughenjoymenthasatendencytolastlonger.____19____Boththeirwrittenandspokenmunicationabilitiescanbeimprovedthroughregularpleasantreading.●Readinghelpswithbuildingagoodselfimageandplayingwellwithothers.Learningnewconcepts,discoveringexcitingplacesandunderstandingothers’perspectivesiskeytobuildingawellroundedselfimage.____20____It’satearlyagesthatchildrencanbemosteasilyinfluenced,andapositivereadingexperiencecandowonderstohelpthemformapositiveperceptionofthemselves.Readingalsohassocialbenefits.Childrencandiscussstorieswithothersandformfriendshipsoversharedinterests.Inshort,readingisabeneficialhabitthatcanbringussomanytangiblebonuses.A.Andit’s100%accurate.B.Anditdoesn’tevenfeellikework!C.There’snothingweneedtoimagine.D.ReadinghelpsyoudiscovertheworldE.Readinghelpsyouimproveconcentration.F.Onefeelsproudforbeingabletoreadwell!G.Ifyouarenotimaginativeenough,begintoreadnow.【答案】16.A17.D18.C19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了閱讀的重要性以及對(duì)人的影響?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文““Themoreyouread,themorethingsyouknow.Themoreyoulearn,themoreplacesyou’llgo.”ThisisafamousquotebyDrSuess.(“你讀得越多，你知道的就越多。你學(xué)得越多，你去的地方就越多?！边@是蘇斯博士的一句名言。)”以及后文“Theimportanceofreadingskillscannotbestressedenough.Here’swhyreadingisbeneficialtoallofus.(閱讀技巧的重要性怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。以下是為什么閱讀對(duì)我們所有人都有益。)”可知，前文引用了蘇斯博士的名言，此空需對(duì)該名言進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，故A選項(xiàng)“而且100%準(zhǔn)確”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。17題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Readingisagatewaytolearninganythingabouteverything.Ithelpsyoudiscovernewthingsandeducateyourselfinanyareaoflifeyouareinterestedin.Youcanfindabookonjustanysubjectyoucanimagine,diveinandstartlearning.Yourchildcanlearnabouttheirintereststhroughreadingthingstheyenjoy.(閱讀是學(xué)習(xí)任何東西的途徑。它可以幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物，并在你感興趣的任何生活領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行自我教育。你可以找到一本你能想到的任何主題的書(shū)，然后開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)。你的孩子可以通過(guò)閱讀他們喜歡的東西來(lái)了解他們的興趣。)”可知，后文提到閱讀是了解一切事物的途徑，能幫助人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物，所以該段主要講閱讀幫助人們發(fā)現(xiàn)世界，故D選項(xiàng)“閱讀幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)世界?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenwewatchtelevisionoramovie,alltheinformationisgiventousonthescreen.(當(dāng)我們看電視或電影時(shí)，所有的信息都是在屏幕上呈現(xiàn)給我們的。)”以及后文“However,thingsaredifferentduringthereading.Abookinitspureformisjustwordsonapage,andourmindshavetodothework,imaginingthewordsingtolife.Thisdoeswonderstodevelopourcreativityandimagination.(然而，在閱讀過(guò)程中，情況就不同了。一本書(shū)的純粹形式就是紙上的文字，我們的大腦必須完成這項(xiàng)工作，想象這些文字變得栩栩如生。這對(duì)發(fā)展我們的創(chuàng)造力和想象力有奇效。)”可知，前文提到當(dāng)我們看電視或電影時(shí)，所有信息都呈現(xiàn)在屏幕上，后文通過(guò)“However”轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明閱讀時(shí)情況不同，需要我們自己想象。所以此空應(yīng)表示看電視或電影時(shí)不需要想象，故C選項(xiàng)“我們不需要想象什么”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Givingyourchildaccesstoaworldofwordsisoneofthebestwaystoimprovetheirvocabularyandenhancetheirspellingskills.Newknowledgethat’sgainedthroughenjoymenthasatendencytolastlonger.(讓你的孩子接觸一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)單詞的世界是提高他們?cè)~匯量和提高拼寫(xiě)技能的最好方法之一。從享受中獲得的新知識(shí)往往會(huì)持續(xù)更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。)”以及后文“Boththeirwrittenandspokenmunicationabilitiescanbeimprovedthroughregularpleasantreading.(他們的書(shū)面和口頭溝通能力都可以通過(guò)定期愉快的閱讀來(lái)提高。)”可知，前文提到通過(guò)閱讀獲得新知識(shí)往往能持續(xù)更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，后文說(shuō)通過(guò)定期愉快的閱讀可以提高書(shū)面和口頭交流能力。推測(cè)本句說(shuō)明通過(guò)閱讀獲取知識(shí)是一種愉快的體驗(yàn)，故B選項(xiàng)“而且感覺(jué)都不像工作！”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Learningnewconcepts,discoveringexcitingplacesandunderstandingothers’perspectivesiskeytobuildingawellroundedselfimage.(學(xué)習(xí)新概念，發(fā)現(xiàn)令人興奮的地方，理解他人的觀點(diǎn)是建立一個(gè)全面的自我形象的關(guān)鍵。)”以及后文“It’satearlyagesthatchildrencanbemosteasilyinfluenced,andapositivereadingexperiencecandowonderstohelpthemformapositiveperceptionofthemselves.Readingalsohassocialbenefits.Childrencandiscussstorieswithothersandformfriendshipsoversharedinterests.(孩子們?cè)诤苄〉臅r(shí)候最容易受到影響，積極的閱讀體驗(yàn)可以幫助他們形成積極的自我認(rèn)知。閱讀也有社會(huì)效益。孩子們可以與他人討論故事，并在共同的興趣愛(ài)好上建立友誼。)”可知，該段主要講閱讀有助于建立良好的自我形象。本句與建立良好自我形象相關(guān)，故F選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人會(huì)為自己讀得好而感到驕傲！”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Onceinasmallvillagelocatedintheheartofaforest,therelivedayounggirlcalledLuna.Lunawasacuriousandadventuroussoul,alwayseagerto____21____thewoods.Whiletheotherchildren____22____theirdaysstudyingandpracticingtraditionalcrafts,she____23____alifewithadventureandexcitement.Oneday,asLunawaswanderingthroughtheforest,shecameacrossamagical____24____.Inthecenteroftheclearingstoodamagnificenttree,its____25____stretchinguptowardsthesky.Lunafelt____26____tothetree,andassheapproachedit,sheheardasoft____27____inherear.“Beyourself,”thetreewhispered.“____28____yourheart,andyouwillfindyourway.”Forthefirsttimeinherlife,sherealizedthatitwasokaytobeherself.AsLunagrewolder,shefoundthattheothervillagersbecameincreasinglycriticalofher____29____ways.Evenherfamilyalwaystriedtoconvincehertomeettheirinflexibleexpectations.Luanfelt____30____betweenherdesiretobeherselfandherneedfor____31____fromhermunity.Anotherday,asLunawaswanderingthroughtheforest,shemetagroupoftravelers.Theywereadiverseandcolorfulgroup,eachwiththeirown____32____talentsandpassions.AfterLuna____33____withthem,sherealizedthatshehadfoundhertruefamily.Together,Lunaandthetravelerssetoutonagrandadventure,____34____newwondersaroundtheworld.Lunafinallyfoundherplaceintheworld.Bybeing____35____toherself,shelivedalifewithjoy,wonder,andadventure.21.A.experience B.explain C.express D.explore22.A.spent B.found C.lost D.had23.A.heardof B.plainedof C.dreamedof D.approvedof24.A.gathering B.clearing C.disappearing D.breaking25.A.gaps B.stones C.animals D.branches26.A.introduced B.drawn C.limited D.needed27A.whisper B.noise C.sound D.cheer28.A.Gain B.Assess C.Follow D.Choose29.A.emptyhanded B.illmannered C.strongwilled D.freespirited30.A.motivated B.torn C.inspired D.touched31.A.acceptance B.assistance C.dependence D.intelligence32.A.boring B.simple C.unique D.clever33.A.talked B.changed C.studied D.argued34.A.deciding B.telling C.knowing D.discovering35.A.strong B.reliable C.true D.gentle【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.B25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.C33.A34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了露娜喜歡冒險(xiǎn)，但是他的家人及周?chē)娜瞬焕斫馑?，隨后露娜遇到了一群旅行者，她決定做自己，于是跟隨他們一起去冒險(xiǎn)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：露娜是一個(gè)奇怪而冒險(xiǎn)的靈魂，總是渴望探索樹(shù)林。A.experience體驗(yàn)；B.explain解釋?zhuān)籆.express表達(dá)；D.explore探索。由上文“Lunawasacuriousandadventuroussoul,”可知，露娜喜歡冒險(xiǎn)，所以渴望探索樹(shù)林。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)其他孩子花了很多時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)傳統(tǒng)手工藝品時(shí)，她夢(mèng)想了冒險(xiǎn)和興奮的生活。A.spent花費(fèi)；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.lost丟失；D.had有。由下文“theirdaysstudyingandpracticingtraditionalcrafts”可知，其他孩子花費(fèi)時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)傳統(tǒng)手工藝品。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)其他孩子花了很多時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)傳統(tǒng)手工藝品時(shí)，她夢(mèng)想著冒險(xiǎn)和興奮的生活。A.heardof聽(tīng)說(shuō)；B.plainedof抱怨；C.dreamedof夢(mèng)想；D.approvedof贊成。由下文“alifewithadventureandexcitement.”和上文提到的她喜歡探險(xiǎn)可知，她夢(mèng)想著冒險(xiǎn)和興奮的生活。故選C。